Where a return filed by the due date (including a return of refund claim; the same applies in paragraph (3)) has been filed (including where a return filed after the due date has been filed and the proviso to paragraph (1) or paragraph (9) of the following Article applies), if an amended return has been filed or a reassessment has been made, penalty tax for understatement is imposed on the taxpayer in an amount equivalent to the amount calculated by multiplying the tax amount payable under the provisions of Article 35, paragraph (2) (Payment of National Tax using the Self-Assessment System) based on the amended return or reassessment by 10% (or by 5% if the amended return was not filed in anticipation that a reassessment would be made of the national tax pertaining to the return because an examination had been conducted with regard to that national tax).
In the case falling under the provisions of the preceding paragraph (excluding where the provisions of paragraph (6) apply), if the payable tax amount prescribed in the preceding paragraph (if, before the amended return or reassessment referred to in that paragraph, an amended return had been filed or a reassessment had been made of the national tax to which that amended return or reassessment pertains, the amount obtained by adding the cumulative increased tax amount for that national tax) exceeds the amount equivalent to the tax amount on the return filed by the due date for that national tax or 500,000 yen, whichever is greater, the amount of penalty tax for understatement referred to in that paragraph is, notwithstanding the provisions of that paragraph, to be the amount obtained by adding, to the amount calculated under the provisions of that paragraph, the amount calculated by multiplying the tax amount equivalent to the excess portion (if the payable tax amount prescribed in that paragraph is less than the tax amount equivalent to that excess portion, that payable tax amount) by 5%.
前項の規定に該当する場合（第六項の規定の適用がある場合を除く。）において、前項に規定する納付すべき税額（同項の修正申告又は更正前に当該修正申告又は更正に係る国税について修正申告書の提出又は更正があつたときは、その国税に係る累積増差税額を加算した金額）がその国税に係る期限内申告税額に相当する金額と五十万円とのいずれか多い金額を超えるときは、同項の過少申告加算税の額は、同項の規定にかかわらず、同項の規定により計算した金額に、その超える部分に相当する税額（同項に規定する納付すべき税額が当該超える部分に相当する税額に満たないときは、当該納付すべき税額）に百分の五の割合を乗じて計算した金額を加算した金額とする。
In the preceding paragraph, the meanings of the terms listed in the following items are as prescribed respectively in those items:
前項において、次の各号に掲げる用語の意義は、当該各号に定めるところによる。
cumulative increased tax amount: the total of the tax amounts payable under the provisions of Article 35, paragraph (2) based on amended returns filed or reassessments made of that national tax before the amended return or reassessment referred to in paragraph (1) (if, with regard to that national tax, there has been a reassessment that reduces that payable tax amount or a change to the original disposition through a decision, determination or judgment on an appeal against or action for a reassessment, the amount obtained by deducting the amount equivalent to the tax amount of the portion reduced thereby, and if the provisions of paragraph (5) have been applied, the amount obtained by deducting the amount that should have been deducted under the provisions of that paragraph);
tax amount on the return filed by the due date: the tax amount payable under the provisions of Article 35, paragraph (1) or (2) based on the filing of a return filed by the due date (if the proviso to paragraph (1) or paragraph (9) of the following Article applies, including a return filed after the due date; the same applies in paragraph (5), item (ii)) (if, with regard to the national tax pertaining to these returns, there are any of the following amounts, the amount obtained by adding those amounts, and if there is a tax amount equivalent to the amount of a refund stated in these returns pertaining to income tax, corporation tax, local corporation tax, inheritance tax or consumption tax, the amount obtained by deducting that tax amount):
The amount to be deducted under the provisions of Article 95 (Foreign Tax Credit) or Article 165-6 (Credit for Foreign Taxes of Nonresidents) of the Income Tax Act, the amount equivalent to the amount of tax withheld at source prescribed in Article 120, paragraph (1), item (iv) (Final Return of Income) of that Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 166 (Return, Payment and Refund) of that Act) pertaining to the amended return or reassessment referred to in paragraph (1), the amount of estimated tax prepayment prescribed in Article 120, paragraph (2) of that Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 166 of that Act), or the amount of income tax reduced or released under the provisions of Article 2 (Reduction of or Release from Income Tax) of the Act on Reduction or Release, Deferment of Collection and Other Measures Related to Tax Imposed on Disaster Victims (Act No. 175 of 1947);
所得税法第九十五条（外国税額控除）若しくは第百六十五条の六（非居住者に係る外国税額の控除）の規定による控除をされるべき金額、第一項の修正申告若しくは更正に係る同法第百二十条第一項第四号（確定所得申告）（同法第百六十六条（申告、納付及び還付）において準用する場合を含む。）に規定する源泉徴収税額に相当する金額、同法第百二十条第二項（同法第百六十六条において準用する場合を含む。）に規定する予納税額又は災害被害者に対する租税の減免、徴収猶予等に関する法律（昭和二十二年法律第百七十五号）第二条（所得税の軽減又は免除）の規定により軽減若しくは免除を受けた所得税の額
The interim payment amount prescribed in Article 2, item (xxxviii) (Definitions) of the Corporation Tax Act, the amount to be deducted under the provisions of Article 68 (Credit for Income Tax) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 144 (Credit for Income Tax of Foreign Corporations) of that Act), Article 69 (Credit for Foreign Taxes) or Article 144-2 (Credit for Foreign Taxes of Foreign Corporations) of that Act, or the amount of corporation tax payable under the provisions of Article 90 (Payment by Interim Return for Retirement Pension Reserves, etc.) of that Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 145-13 (Return and Payment) of that Act) (if an amended return has been filed or a reassessment has been made with regard to that amount, the amount of corporation tax after that return or reassessment);
法人税法第二条第三十八号（定義）に規定する中間納付額、同法第六十八条（所得税額の控除）（同法第百四十四条（外国法人に係る所得税額の控除）において準用する場合を含む。）、第六十九条（外国税額の控除）若しくは第百四十四条の二（外国法人に係る外国税額の控除）の規定による控除をされるべき金額又は同法第九十条（退職年金等積立金に係る中間申告による納付）（同法第百四十五条の十三（申告及び納付）において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により納付すべき法人税の額（その額につき修正申告書の提出又は更正があつた場合には、その申告又は更正後の法人税の額）
The interim payment amount prescribed in Article 2, item (xviii) (Definitions) of the Local Corporation Tax Act, the amount to be deducted under the provisions of Article 12 (Credit for Foreign Taxes) of that Act, or the amount of local corporation tax payable under the provisions of Article 20, paragraph (2) (Payment by Interim Return) of that Act (if an amended return has been filed or a reassessment has been made with regard to that amount, the amount of local corporation tax after that return or reassessment);
地方法人税法第二条第十八号（定義）に規定する中間納付額、同法第十二条（外国税額の控除）の規定による控除をされるべき金額又は同法第二十条第二項（中間申告による納付）の規定により納付すべき地方法人税の額（その額につき修正申告書の提出又は更正があつた場合には、その申告又は更正後の地方法人税の額）
The amount to be deducted under the provisions of Article 20-2 (Credit for Inheritance Tax on Overseas Property), Article 21-8 (Credit for Gift Tax on Overseas Property), and Article 21-15, paragraph (3) and Article 21-16, paragraph (4) (Inheritance Tax Amount under the Settlement at the Time of Inheritance Taxation) of the Inheritance Tax Act;
相続税法第二十条の二（在外財産に対する相続税額の控除）、第二十一条の八（在外財産に対する贈与税額の控除）、第二十一条の十五第三項及び第二十一条の十六第四項（相続時精算課税に係る相続税額）の規定による控除をされるべき金額
The interim payment amount prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (xx) (Definitions) of the Consumption Tax Act.
消費税法第二条第一項第二十号（定義）に規定する中間納付額
In the case falling under the provisions of paragraph (1), if, before the amended return was filed or the reassessment was made (hereinafter referred to as an "amended return, etc." in this paragraph) with regard to matters to be entered or recorded in the books (limited to those specified by Ministry of Finance Order, and including, where an electronic or magnetic record has been prepared or retained in lieu of the preparation or retention of the books, that electronic or magnetic record; the same applies hereinafter in this paragraph and in paragraph (5) of the following Article), the taxpayer was requested by the relevant official of the National Tax Agency, a Regional Taxation Bureau or a tax office (hereinafter referred to as the "relevant official" in this paragraph and in paragraph (5) of that Article) to present or submit those books, and the case falls under any of the following cases (excluding where the taxpayer is not responsible), the amount of penalty tax for understatement referred to in paragraph (1) is, notwithstanding the provisions of that paragraph and paragraph (2), to be the amount obtained by adding, to the amount calculated under those provisions, the amount calculated by multiplying the payable tax amount prescribed in paragraph (1) (if there are facts that are to form the basis for the calculation of that tax amount other than those relating to matters to be entered or recorded in the books that are the cause of the amended return, etc. (hereinafter referred to as "facts other than those relating to matters to be recorded in the books" in this paragraph), the tax amount obtained by deducting the amount calculated, as provided for by Cabinet Order, as the tax amount based on the facts other than those relating to matters to be recorded in the books) by 10% (or by 5% if the case falls under the case listed in item (ii)):
第一項の規定に該当する場合において、当該納税者が、帳簿（財務省令で定めるものに限るものとし、その作成又は保存に代えて電磁的記録の作成又は保存がされている場合における当該電磁的記録を含む。以下この項及び次条第五項において同じ。）に記載し、又は記録すべき事項に関しその修正申告書の提出又は更正（以下この項において「修正申告等」という。）があつた時前に、国税庁、国税局又は税務署の当該職員（以下この項及び同条第五項において「当該職員」という。）から当該帳簿の提示又は提出を求められ、かつ、次に掲げる場合のいずれかに該当するとき（当該納税者の責めに帰すべき事由がない場合を除く。）は、第一項の過少申告加算税の額は、同項及び第二項の規定にかかわらず、これらの規定により計算した金額に、第一項に規定する納付すべき税額（その税額の計算の基礎となるべき事実で当該修正申告等の基因となる当該帳簿に記載し、又は記録すべき事項に係るもの以外のもの（以下この項において「帳簿に記載すべき事項等に係るもの以外の事実」という。）があるときは、当該帳簿に記載すべき事項等に係るもの以外の事実に基づく税額として政令で定めるところにより計算した金額を控除した税額）に百分の十の割合（第二号に掲げる場合に該当するときは、百分の五の割合）を乗じて計算した金額を加算した金額とする。
where the taxpayer did not present or submit the books to the relevant official, or where the entry or record, among the matters to be entered or recorded in the books presented or submitted to the relevant official, of the matters specified by Ministry of Finance Order as important matters forming the basis for the preparation of a tax return (referred to as "specified matters" in the following item and in paragraph (5) of the following Article) is extremely insufficient, as specified by Ministry of Finance Order; or
where the entry or record of specified matters, among the matters to be entered or recorded in the books presented or submitted to the relevant official, is insufficient, as specified by Ministry of Finance Order (excluding the case listed in the preceding item).
In the cases listed in the following items, the provisions of paragraph (1) or (2) apply with the amount calculated, as provided for by Cabinet Order, as the tax amount specified in the relevant item being deducted from the payable tax amount prescribed in those paragraphs:
where, among the facts that formed the basis for the calculation of the payable tax amount prescribed in paragraph (1) or (2), there are facts for which there is found to be a justifiable reason for their not having been taken as a basis for the calculation of the tax amount before the amended return or reassessment (including the tax amount equivalent to the amount of a refund): the tax amount based on the facts for which there is found to be a justifiable reason; and
where, before the amended return or reassessment referred to in paragraph (1), a reassessment that reduces the tax amount payable by filing a return filed by the due date, or any other reassessment specified by Cabinet Order as being similar thereto (excluding a reassessment based on a request for reassessment), has been made with regard to the national tax pertaining to that amended return or reassessment: the tax amount up to the tax amount pertaining to that return filed by the due date (including the tax amount equivalent to the amount of a refund).
The provisions of paragraph (1) do not apply where the filing of an amended return was not made in anticipation that a reassessment would be made of the national tax pertaining to the return because an examination had been conducted with regard to that national tax, and was made before notification of the matters listed in Article 74-9, paragraph (1), items (iv) and (v) (Advance Notice of Examination to Persons with Tax Liability, etc.) and other matters specified by Cabinet Order with regard to the examination concerning the national tax pertaining to the return (referred to as "examination notification" in paragraph (6), item (ii) and paragraph (8) of the following Article).
Read this with the articles around it
national taxmachine translation
「国税」
A tax imposed by the national government, other than customs duty, tonnage tax, special tonnage tax, the forest environment tax and the special corporate business tax.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (i)· applies throughout the law
taxpayermachine translation
「納税者」
A person liable under the national tax laws to pay a national tax, or to collect national withholding tax (源泉徴収等による国税) and pay it to the State, not counting secondary taxpayers (第二次納税義務者) under the National Tax Collection Act or guarantors of the tax.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (v)· applies throughout the law
tax return
「納税申告書」
A return filed under the national tax laws for a self-assessed national tax (申告納税方式), stating the tax basis, the tax payable, losses carried forward or back, a refund or similar items, including a return filed to claim a refund.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (vi)· applies throughout the law
refundmachine translation
「還付金」
A refund of national tax due to a taxpayer under the national tax laws.
Short name set inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (vi)
request for reassessmentmachine translation
「更正の請求」
A request to the tax office director (税務署長) to reassess (更正) the tax base or tax amount in a tax return, made under Article 23, paragraph (1) — within five years of the statutory tax return due date (ten years in one case for corporation tax) where the return overstated the tax or understated a loss or refund — or, on the grounds in paragraph (2), such as a court judgment or another person's reassessment showing the figures were wrong, within two months of that event, when a person whose tax was fixed by a determination (決定) may also make it.
Short name set inArticle 23, paragraph (2)
reassessmentmachine translation
「更正」
From Article 29 to Article 72, a reassessment under Article 24 or Article 26: the tax office director's (税務署長) correction, based on an investigation, of the tax base or tax amount stated in a tax return, or of one set by an earlier reassessment or determination (決定).
Short name set inArticle 29, paragraph (1)· applies only in this provision and in Articles 29 to 72
electronic or magnetic recordmachine translation
「電磁的記録」
A record made in electronic, magnetic or any other form people cannot perceive directly, for use in computer processing.
Defined inArticle 34-6, paragraph (3)
return of refund claimmachine translation
「還付請求申告書」
A tax return filed to obtain a refund, of a kind specified by Cabinet Order (政令).
Short name set inArticle 61, paragraph (1), item (ii)
cumulative increased tax amountmachine translation
「累積増差税額」
In Article 65, paragraph (2), the total tax that became payable under Article 35, paragraph (2) through amended returns (修正申告書) filed or reassessments (更正) made for the same national tax before the amended return or reassessment on which the penalty under paragraph (1) is charged, less any part later reduced by a reassessment or by a decision, determination or judgment on an appeal or lawsuit, and less any amount that had to be deducted under paragraph (5).
Defined inArticle 65, paragraph (3), item (i)· applies only in this provision and in Article 65, paragraph (2)
tax amount on the return filed by the due datemachine translation
「期限内申告税額」
In Article 65, paragraph (2), the tax payable under Article 35, paragraph (1) or (2) on a return filed by the due date (期限内申告書, here including a return claiming a refund) or, where the proviso to Article 66, paragraph (1) or Article 66, paragraph (9) applies, on a return filed after the due date (期限後申告書), with the foreign tax credits, tax withheld at source, interim payments and other amounts the items under it list added, and less any tax equal to a refund stated on such a return for income tax, corporation tax, local corporation tax, inheritance tax or consumption tax.
Defined inArticle 65, paragraph (3), item (ii)· applies only in this provision and in Article 65, paragraph (2)
amended return, etc.machine translation
「修正申告等」
In Article 65, paragraph (4), the filing of an amended return (修正申告書) or a reassessment (更正) concerning matters that should have been entered in the taxpayer's books; if the books were not properly produced when asked for before then, the penalty tax for understatement is increased.
Short name set inArticle 65, paragraph (4)· applies only in this paragraph
facts other than those relating to matters to be recorded in the booksmachine translation
「帳簿に記載すべき事項等に係るもの以外の事実」
In Article 65, paragraph (4), the facts underlying the tax calculation that do not concern the matters the taxpayer should have entered in their books and that led to the amended return or reassessment (更正); where the penalty tax for understatement (過少申告加算税) is raised because the taxpayer did not produce those books when a tax official asked, or their entries of key matters were insufficient, the tax attributable to these facts is left out of the increase.
Short name set inArticle 65, paragraph (4)· applies only in this paragraph
relevant officialmachine translation
「当該職員」
In Article 65, paragraph (4) and Article 66, paragraph (5), an official of the National Tax Agency (国税庁), a Regional Taxation Bureau (国税局) or a tax office (税務署) who asks a taxpayer to show or hand over their books.
Short name set inArticle 65, paragraph (4)· applies only in this paragraph and in Article 66, paragraph (5)
specified mattersmachine translation
「特定事項」
In Articles 65 and 66, the entries a Ministry of Finance Order (財務省令) treats as important to preparing a tax return, which a taxpayer's books should record; if books produced to a tax official record them very poorly, the penalty tax for understatement (過少申告加算税) or for failure to file (無申告加算税) goes up by 10 per cent, and by 5 per cent if they record them inadequately.
Short name set inArticle 65, paragraph (4), item (i)· applies only in this provision and in Article 65, paragraph (4), item (ii); and Article 66, paragraph (5)
notice of examinationmachine translation
「調査通知」
Notice given to a taxpayer before an examination of the tax items and periods to be examined and other matters set by Cabinet Order (政令), under Article 65, paragraph (6); an amended return filed before this notice, and not in anticipation of a reassessment, escapes the penalty tax for understatement.
Short name set inArticle 65, paragraph (6)· applies only in this provision and in Article 66, paragraph (6), item (ii); and Article 66, paragraph (8)