①If a person, without justifiable grounds, violates an order to provide electronic or magnetic records under Article 218, paragraph (1) or an order under paragraph (3) of that Article, the person who committed the violation is punished by imprisonment for not more than one year or a fine of not more than 3,000,000 yen.

②If the representative of a corporation, or the representative, employee, or other worker of a corporation or of any person, has committed the violation referred to in the preceding paragraph with regard to the business of the corporation or the person, the corporation or the person is to be subject to the fine prescribed in that paragraph in addition to the offender being subject to punishment.

Compulsory measures for the interception of electronic communications without the consent of either party are to be executed based upon other acts.

①Public prosecutors, public prosecutor's assistant officers or judicial police officials may ask any person other than a suspect to appear in their office, interrogate said person or request said person to conduct an expert examination, translate or interpret if it is necessary for the investigation of a crime.

②The proviso of Article 198, paragraph (1) and the provisions of paragraphs (3) to (5) of the same Article apply mutatis mutandis to the case set forth in the preceding paragraph.

①When the measures prescribed in Article 167, paragraph (1) are necessary in cases where a request is made for an expert examination pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, public prosecutors, public prosecutor's assistant officers or judicial police officers must request a judge for the measures mentioned above.

②When the judge finds the request set forth in the preceding paragraph reasonable, said judge must carry out the measures as in the case of Article 167. In this case, the provisions of Article 167-2 apply mutatis mutandis.

③The provisions of Article 207-2 and Article 207-3 apply mutatis mutandis to the request under paragraph (1). In this case, the phrase "whose detention has been requested" in Article 207-2 is deemed to be replaced with "for whom the measure prescribed in Article 167, paragraph (1) has been requested", the phrase "detention warrant" in that Article and in Article 207-3, paragraphs (3) and (5) is deemed to be replaced with "detention warrant for expert examination", and the phrase "pursuant to the provisions of the main clause of paragraph (5) of the preceding Article" in Article 207-2, paragraph (2) is deemed to be replaced with "pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of Article 224, paragraph (2), in accordance with the case of Article 167".

With regard to the application of the provisions of Article 98 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 167-2, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the second sentence of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article in the case where a document in lieu of a detention warrant has been delivered pursuant to the provisions of Article 207-2, paragraph (2), the phrase "a transcript of the detention warrant" in paragraph (1) of Article 98 is deemed to be replaced with "the document in lieu of the detention warrant under the main clause of Article 207-2, paragraph (2)".

①A person who has been requested for an expert examination pursuant to the provisions of Article 223, paragraph (1) may carry out the measures prescribed in Article 168, paragraph (1) with the permission of the judge.

②The request for the permission set forth in the preceding paragraph must be made by a public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police officer.

③Where a judge finds the request set forth in the preceding paragraph reasonable, said judge must issue a permit.

④The provisions of Article 168, paragraphs (2) to (4) and (6) apply mutatis mutandis to the permit set forth in the preceding paragraph.

Where a person who apparently possesses information essential to the investigation of a crime refuses to appear or make a statement voluntarily at the interrogation pursuant to the provisions of Article 223, paragraph (1), a public prosecutor may, only before the first trial date, request a judge to examine said person as a witness.

①When a person who has made a voluntary statement to a public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police official pursuant to the provisions of Article 223, paragraph (1) is likely to make a statement on the trial date that differs from the previous statement, and the statement of the person is deemed essential in proving a fact constituting the crime, the public prosecutor may, only before the first trial date, request the judge to examine said person as a witness.

②When making the request set forth in the preceding paragraph, a public prosecutor must show prima facie evidence of the reasons for the necessity of such examination and that such examination is essential in proving a fact constituting the crime.

①A judge who receives the request set forth in the preceding two Articles has the same authority as a court or a presiding judge with regard to the examination of the witness.

②The judge may, if said judge deems there is no fear of interference with the criminal investigation, have the defendant, the suspect or the defense counsel be present at the examination set forth in the preceding paragraph.

①If a person dies an unnatural death or the body of a person who is suspected to have died an unnatural death has been found, a public prosecutor of a district or local public prosecutor's office, which has jurisdiction over the place where the body was found, must perform a coroner's inspection.

②A public prosecutor may have a public prosecutor's assistant officer or a judicial police officer execute the disposition set forth in the preceding paragraph.

A person who has been injured by an offense may file a criminal complaint.

①A statutory representative of a victim may file a criminal complaint independently.

②When a victim has died, said victim's spouse, a lineal relative or sibling may file a criminal complaint, but not when this is against the express wishes of the victim.

Where the statutory representative of a victim is the suspect, the spouse of the suspect, a blood relative within the fourth degree of kinship or a relative by affinity within the third degree of kinship of the suspect, then a relative of the victim may file a criminal complaint independently.

①With respect to the offense of defamation of a deceased person, said person's relatives or descendants may file a criminal complaint.

②The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply also where, with respect to the offense of defamation, the victim has died without filing a criminal complaint, but not when this is against the express wishes of the victim.

Where there is no person who can file a criminal complaint with regard to an offense prosecutable upon a criminal complaint, a public prosecutor may, upon the application of an interested party, designate a person who can file a criminal complaint.

With regard to an offense prosecutable upon a criminal complaint, no criminal complaint may be made after the lapse of six months from the day on which the complainant knew the offender; provided, however, that this does not apply to a criminal complaint made by the representative of a foreign state pursuant to the provisions of Article 232, paragraph (2) of the Penal Code, or a criminal complaint made with regard to the crime under Article 230 or 231 of the same Code against a foreign mission sent to Japan by the mission.

Where there are two or more persons entitled to file a criminal complaint, failure by one of them to observe the time period for complaint does not affect the others.

①A criminal complaint may be withdrawn at any time before the institution of prosecution.

②A person who has withdrawn a criminal complaint may not file the criminal complaint again.

③The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to a claim regarding a case which is to be accepted on a claim.

①A criminal complaint made against one or more accomplices in an offense prosecutable upon a criminal complaint or the withdrawal thereof has effect with respect to the other accomplices.

②The provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis to an accusation or claim, or the withdrawal thereof, regarding a case which is to be received upon an accusation or claim.

①Any person who believes that an offense has been committed may file an accusation.

②A government official or local government official must file an accusation when they believe, in the course of performing their duties, that an offense has been committed.

A criminal complaint may be made by a representative. The same applies to the withdrawal of a criminal complaint.

①A criminal complaint or an accusation must be filed with a public prosecutor or a judicial police officer in writing or orally.

②A public prosecutor or judicial police officer must make a written statement when they have received an oral criminal complaint or accusation.

A judicial police officer must, when they have received a criminal complaint or accusation, send the documents and articles of evidence regarding the complaint or the accusation to a public prosecutor promptly.

The provisions of the preceding two Articles apply mutatis mutandis to the withdrawal of a criminal complaint or accusation.

A criminal complaint or withdrawal thereof made by the representative of a foreign country pursuant to the provisions of Article 232, paragraph (2) of the Penal Code may be filed with the Minister for Foreign Affairs notwithstanding the provisions of Article 241 and the preceding Article. The same applies to a criminal complaint or withdrawal thereof regarding an offense against a foreign mission sent to Japan as prescribed in Article 230 or 231 of the Penal Code, made by such mission.

The provisions of Articles 241 and 242 apply mutatis mutandis to surrender.

Except as otherwise provided in this Code, a judicial police officer must, when said police officer has conducted the investigation of an offense, send the case together with the documents and articles of evidence to a public prosecutor promptly; provided however, that this does not apply to cases which have been specially designated by a public prosecutor.