第九十八条
Changes by (Act No. 39 of 2025)
If a ruling to rescind bail or the suspension of execution of detention has been made, or if the term of suspension of detention has expired, a public prosecutor's assistant officer, judicial police official or an official of the penal institution must, under the direction of a public prosecutor, commit the defendant in a penal institution after showing said defendant a transcript of the detention warrant and a transcript of the written ruling rescinding bail or the suspension of execution of detention or a transcript of the written ruling on suspension for a designated term of execution of detention.
Changes by (Act No. 39 of 2025)
When said officer or official is unable to show the documents in the preceding paragraph to the defendant because said person does not have the documents in their possession and in cases requiring urgency, said person may, notwithstanding the preceding paragraph and under the direction of a public prosecutor, commit the defendant in a penal institution after notifying the defendant that the ruling to grant bail or to suspend the execution of detention has been rescinded, or that the term of suspension of execution of detention has expired; provided however, that the documents must be shown as promptly as possible.
Changes by (Act No. 39 of 2025)
The provisions of Article 71 apply mutatis mutandis to the commitment in the preceding two paragraphs.
第九十八条の二
If a ruling to rescind bail or the suspension of execution of detention has been made and the defendant is not confined in a penal institution, a public prosecutor may order the defendant to appear at the date, time and place that the prosecutor designates.
検察官は、保釈又は勾留の執行停止を取り消す決定があつた場合において、被告人が刑事施設に収容されていないときは、被告人に対し、指定する日時及び場所に出頭することを命ずることができる。
第九十八条の三
If a defendant whose bail or suspension of execution of detention has been rescinded and who has been ordered by a public prosecutor to appear fails, without justifiable grounds, to appear at the designated date, time and place, the defendant is punished by imprisonment for not more than two years.
保釈又は勾留の執行停止を取り消され、検察官から出頭を命ぜられた被告人が、正当な理由がなく、指定された日時及び場所に出頭しないときは、二年以下の拘禁刑に処する。
第九十八条の四
The court may, when granting bail or suspending execution of detention, if it finds it necessary, appoint a person it finds appropriate as a supervisor with that person's consent.
裁判所は、保釈を許し、又は勾留の執行停止をする場合において、必要と認めるときは、適当と認める者を、その同意を得て監督者として選任することができる。
In obtaining the consent under the preceding paragraph, the court must explain in advance to the person to be appointed as a supervisor the matters necessary for understanding the duties of a supervisor prescribed in the following paragraph and paragraph (4) and the system of sequestration of supervision bonds under Article 98-8, paragraph (2), Article 98-11 and Article 98-18, paragraph (3).
裁判所は、前項の同意を得るに当たつては、あらかじめ、監督者として選任する者に対し、次項及び第四項に規定する監督者の責務並びに第九十八条の八第二項、第九十八条の十一及び第九十八条の十八第三項の規定による監督保証金の没取の制度を理解させるために必要な事項を説明しなければならない。
A supervisor is to provide the supervision necessary to prevent the defendant from fleeing and to secure the defendant's appearance on trial dates.
監督者は、被告人の逃亡を防止し、及び公判期日への出頭を確保するために必要な監督をするものとする。
The court is to order a supervisor to do any or all of the matters set forth in the following items.
裁判所は、監督者に対し、次の各号に掲げる事項のいずれか又は全てを命ずるものとする。
when the defendant is summoned, or otherwise is required to appear pursuant to the provisions of this Code or other laws, to appear together with the defendant at the date, time and place at which the defendant is to appear;
被告人が召喚を受けたときその他この法律又は他の法律の規定により被告人が出頭しなければならないときは、その出頭すべき日時及び場所に、被告人と共に出頭すること。
to report, in accordance with the following, on matters concerning the defendant's residence, status of employment or school attendance, personal status or other matters of daily life or personal status that the court specifies as ones whose change affects the determination of whether there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the defendant will flee:
被告人の住居、労働又は通学の状況、身分関係その他のその変更が被告人が逃亡すると疑うに足りる相当な理由の有無の判断に影響を及ぼす生活上又は身分上の事項として裁判所の定めるものについて、次に掲げるところに従つて報告をすること。
to report, at the time designated by the court, on the matter as of that time;
裁判所の指定する時期に、当該時期における当該事項について報告をすること。
when a change occurs in the matter, to report promptly on the content of the change.
当該事項に変更が生じたときは、速やかに、その変更の内容について報告をすること。
第九十八条の五
When a supervisor is appointed, the amount of the supervision bond must be fixed.
監督者を選任する場合には、監督保証金額を定めなければならない。
The amount of the supervision bond must be a reasonable amount sufficient to guarantee the matters ordered pursuant to paragraph (4) of the preceding Article and the defendant's appearance, taking into consideration the assets of the person to be appointed as a supervisor, the person's relationship with the defendant and other circumstances.
監督保証金額は、監督者として選任する者の資産及び被告人との関係その他の事情を考慮して、前条第四項の規定により命ずる事項及び被告人の出頭を保証するに足りる相当な金額でなければならない。
第九十八条の六
When a supervisor has been appointed, a ruling to grant bail may not be executed, notwithstanding Article 94, paragraph (1), until after the bail bond and the supervision bond have been paid.
監督者を選任した場合には、保釈を許す決定は、第九十四条第一項の規定にかかわらず、保証金及び監督保証金の納付があつた後でなければ、執行することができない。
When a supervisor has been appointed, a ruling under the first sentence of Article 95, paragraph (1) may not be executed until after the supervision bond has been paid.
監督者を選任した場合には、第九十五条第一項前段の決定は、監督保証金の納付があつた後でなければ、執行することができない。
The provisions of Article 94, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the payment of the supervision bond. In this case, the phrase "a person other than the person requesting bail" in paragraph (2) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "a person other than the supervisor (excluding the defendant)", and the phrase "the defendant" in paragraph (3) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "the defendant and the supervisor".
第九十八条の七
When the court has appointed a supervisor, if the defendant is summoned or is otherwise required, pursuant to the provisions of this Code or other laws, to appear at a designated date, time and place, the court must promptly notify the supervisor of that fact and of that date, time and place.
裁判所は、監督者を選任した場合において、被告人の召喚がされたときその他この法律又は他の法律の規定により被告人が指定の日時及び場所に出頭しなければならないこととされたときは、速やかに、監督者に対し、その旨並びに当該日時及び場所を通知しなければならない。
The court must promptly notify the public prosecutor, in each case, of the fact where an appearance has been made pursuant to Article 98-4, paragraph (4) (limited to the part pertaining to item (i)); of the fact and the content of the report where a report has been made pursuant to that paragraph (limited to the part pertaining to item (ii)); and of the fact and the circumstances where there has been no appearance pursuant to that paragraph (limited to the part pertaining to item (i)) or no report pursuant to that paragraph (limited to the part pertaining to item (ii), (a)), or where it has learned that there has been no report pursuant to that paragraph (limited to the part pertaining to item (ii), (b)).
第九十八条の八
The court may, upon the request of a public prosecutor or on its own authority, dismiss a supervisor if it finds that any of the following items applies.
裁判所は、次の各号のいずれかに該当すると認めるときは、検察官の請求により、又は職権で、監督者を解任することができる。
the supervisor has, without justifiable grounds, violated an order under Article 98-4, paragraph (4);
監督者が、正当な理由がなく、第九十八条の四第四項の規定による命令に違反したとき。
the supervisor has become unable, due to a mental or physical disorder or any other reason, to do the matters ordered pursuant to Article 98-4, paragraph (4);
心身の故障その他の事由により、監督者が第九十八条の四第四項の規定により命ぜられた事項をすることができない状態になつたとき。
the supervisor has requested dismissal.
監督者から解任の申出があつたとき。
If a supervisor is dismissed pursuant to the preceding paragraph (limited to the part pertaining to item (i)), the court may make a ruling to sequester the whole or part of the supervision bond.
第九十八条の九
If the court has dismissed a supervisor or a supervisor has died, the court must rescind bail or the suspension of execution of detention by ruling.
裁判所は、監督者を解任した場合又は監督者が死亡した場合には、決定で、保釈又は勾留の執行停止を取り消さなければならない。
In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the court finds it appropriate, it may take the measure prescribed in each of the following items according to the category of cases set forth in that item. In this case, the provisions of that paragraph do not apply.
when the defendant is on bail: to appoint a new person whom the court finds appropriate as a supervisor, or to increase the amount of the bail bond;
被告人が保釈されている場合 新たに適当と認める者を監督者として選任し、又は保証金額を増額すること。
when the execution of the defendant's detention has been suspended: to appoint a new person whom the court finds appropriate as a supervisor.
被告人が勾留の執行停止をされている場合 新たに適当と認める者を監督者として選任すること。
When appointing a supervisor pursuant to the first sentence of the preceding paragraph, the court must designate the time limit for paying the supervision bond.
裁判所は、前項前段の規定により監督者を選任する場合には、監督保証金を納付すべき期限を指定しなければならない。
The court may extend the time limit under the preceding paragraph if it finds that there are unavoidable grounds.
裁判所は、やむを得ない事由があると認めるときは、前項の期限を延長することができる。
If the supervision bond has not been paid by the time limit under paragraph (3), the court must dismiss the supervisor.
裁判所は、第三項の期限までに監督保証金の納付がなかつたときは、監督者を解任しなければならない。
When appointing a supervisor pursuant to the first sentence of paragraph (2) (limited to the part pertaining to item (i); the same applies in the following paragraph), the court may, if it finds it appropriate, reduce the amount of the bail bond.
When increasing the amount of the bail bond pursuant to the first sentence of paragraph (2), the court must designate the time limit for paying the additional portion of the bail bond. In this case, the provisions of paragraph (4) apply mutatis mutandis.
The provisions of Article 94, paragraphs (2) and (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the payment of the additional portion of the bail bond in the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph. In this case, the phrase "the person requesting bail" in paragraph (2) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "the defendant".
If the additional portion of the bail bond has not been paid by the time limit under paragraph (7), the court must rescind bail by ruling.
裁判所は、第七項の期限までに増額分の保証金の納付がなかつたときは、決定で、保釈を取り消さなければならない。
第九十八条の十
When a defendant comes to know that Article 98-8, paragraph (1), item (ii) applies or that the supervisor has died, the defendant must promptly notify the court to that effect.
被告人は、第九十八条の八第一項第二号に該当すること又は監督者が死亡したことを知つたときは、速やかに、その旨を裁判所に届け出なければならない。
If the notification under the preceding paragraph has not been made, the court may, upon the request of a public prosecutor or on its own authority, rescind bail or the suspension of execution of detention by ruling.
裁判所は、前項の規定による届出がなかつたときは、検察官の請求により、又は職権で、決定で、保釈又は勾留の執行停止を取り消すことができる。
If bail is rescinded pursuant to the preceding paragraph, the court may make a ruling to sequester the whole or part of the bail bond.
前項の規定により保釈を取り消す場合には、裁判所は、決定で、保証金の全部又は一部を没取することができる。
第九十八条の十一
When a supervisor has been appointed, if bail or the suspension of execution of detention is rescinded pursuant to Article 96, paragraph (1) (limited to the part pertaining to items (i) and (ii) and item (v) (limited to when it is applied due to a failure to appear pursuant to Article 95-4, paragraph (2))), the court may make a ruling to sequester the whole or part of the supervision bond.
監督者が選任されている場合において、第九十六条第一項(第一号、第二号及び第五号(第九十五条の四第二項の規定による出頭をしなかつたことにより適用される場合に限る。)に係る部分に限る。)の規定により保釈又は勾留の執行停止を取り消すときは、裁判所は、決定で、監督保証金の全部又は一部を没取することができる。
judicial police officialmachine translation
「司法警察職員」
Judicial police officers (司法警察員) and judicial police constables (司法巡査) together.
Defined inArticle 39, paragraph (3)
official of the penal institutionmachine translation
「刑事施設職員」
The warden of a penal institution (刑事施設), or an official of that institution whom the warden designates.
Defined inArticle 65, paragraph (3)
imprisonment
拘禁刑
The punishment of being held in a penal institution (刑事施設), for life or for a fixed term of one month to twenty years (Penal Code, Article 12, paragraphs (1) and (2)); a fixed term can be raised to thirty years where the punishment is aggravated, or cut below one month where it is reduced (Article 14, paragraph (2)). To help the person reform and rehabilitate, they may be made to do work or given guidance (Article 12, paragraph (3)). It ranks below the death penalty and above a fine (罰金) among the principal punishments (Articles 9 and 10, paragraph (1)). It replaced imprisonment with work (懲役) and imprisonment without work (禁錮) when the Act Partially Amending the Penal Code, etc. (Act No. 67 of 2022) came into force (Act No. 67 of 2022, Article 2), and a person sentenced to either is treated, for the rules on a person's qualifications, as sentenced to imprisonment for the same term (Act No. 68 of 2022, Article 443, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 12, 14, Act No. 67 of 2022, Art. 2 and Act No. 68 of 2022, Art. 443 as a reference.
public prosecutor
検察官
The official who brings a prosecution (公訴) for a crime before a court (Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 247), and who may decide not to prosecute where, in view of the offender's character, age and circumstances, the gravity and circumstances of the offence and what happened after it, prosecution is not needed (Article 248). In criminal cases a public prosecutor asks the court to apply the law correctly and oversees the carrying out of its judgments; and, as the representative of the public interest, a public prosecutor also does the work other laws and regulations assign to a public prosecutor, which is not limited to criminal cases (Public Prosecutors Office Act, Article 4). A public prosecutor may investigate any crime (Article 6, paragraph (1)). Public prosecutors work through the public prosecutors offices (検察庁): the Supreme, High, District and Local Public Prosecutors Offices (Article 1).
Written by AI using Code of Criminal Procedure, Arts. 247, 248 and Public Prosecutors Office Act, Arts. 1, 4, 6 as a reference.