Chapter V Judicial Decisions
第五章 裁判
第四十三条
Except as otherwise provided for in this Code, judgments must be rendered on the basis of oral arguments.
判決は、この法律に特別の定のある場合を除いては、口頭弁論に基いてこれをしなければならない。
Rulings or orders are not necessarily rendered on the basis of the oral arguments.
決定又は命令は、口頭弁論に基いてこれをすることを要しない。
A court or a judge may, when it is necessary to make a ruling or an order, conduct an examination of the facts.
決定又は命令をするについて必要がある場合には、事実の取調をすることができる。
The examination prescribed in the preceding paragraph may be made by a judge who is a member of a panel, or may be delegated to a judge of a district court, family court or summary court.
前項の取調は、合議体の構成員にこれをさせ、又は地方裁判所、家庭裁判所若しくは簡易裁判所の裁判官にこれを嘱託することができる。
第四十四条
Judicial decisions must be accompanied by the reason thereof.
裁判には、理由を附しなければならない。
A ruling or an order against which no appeal can be filed need not be accompanied by the reason; provided however, that this does not apply to a ruling against which an objection may be filed pursuant to the provisions of Article 428, paragraph (2).
上訴を許さない決定又は命令には、理由を附することを要しない。但し、第四百二十八条第二項の規定により異議の申立をすることができる決定については、この限りでない。
第四十五条
A decision other than a judgment may be made by an assistant judge alone.
判決以外の裁判は、判事補が一人でこれをすることができる。
第四十六条
The defendant or any other person concerned in a case may request, at said person's own cost, a transcript or an extract of the written decision or the trial record in which the judicial decision is recorded.
被告人その他訴訟関係人は、自己の費用で、裁判書又は裁判を記載した調書の謄本又は抄本の交付を請求することができる。
summary court
簡易裁判所
One of the four kinds of lower court (下級裁判所) beneath the Supreme Court, with the high courts (高等裁判所), the district courts (地方裁判所) and the family courts (家庭裁判所) (Courts Act, Article 1, and Article 2, paragraph (1)). A summary court has jurisdiction at first instance over civil claims whose value does not exceed 1.4 million yen, other than claims in administrative cases, and over criminal cases for offences punishable by no more than a fine or for which a fine is one of the penalties the law allows, among others (Article 33, paragraph (1)). A petition for court mediation goes, unless a special rule says otherwise, to the summary court for the place where the other party lives or has its business office or other office, or to a district court or summary court the parties agree on (Civil Mediation Act, Article 3, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Courts Act, Arts. 1, 2, 33 and Civil Mediation Act, Art. 3 as a reference.