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Article 253Effect of Order to Grant Discharges

第二百五十三条(免責許可の決定の効力等)

When an order to grant a discharge becomes final and binding, the bankrupt is discharged from their liabilities for bankruptcy claims, except for distribution in bankruptcy proceedings; provided, however, that this does not apply to the following claims:

免責許可の決定が確定したときは、破産者は、破産手続による配当を除き、破産債権について、その責任を免れる。ただし、次に掲げる請求権については、この限りでない。

a claim for tax, etc. (excluding a claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance);

租税等の請求権(共助対象外国租税の請求権を除く。)

a claim for damages for a tort that the bankrupt has committed in bad faith;

破産者が悪意で加えた不法行為に基づく損害賠償請求権

a claim for damages for a tort that harms the life or body of another person which the bankrupt has committed intentionally or by gross negligence (excluding the claim stated in the preceding item);

破産者が故意又は重大な過失により加えた人の生命又は身体を害する不法行為に基づく損害賠償請求権(前号に掲げる請求権を除く。)

a claim related to any of the following obligations:

次に掲げる義務に係る請求権

the obligation to cooperate and provide mutual assistance between husband and wife under the provisions of Article 752 of the Civil Code;

民法第七百五十二条の規定による夫婦間の協力及び扶助の義務

the obligation to share expenses arising from marriage under the provisions of Article 760 of the Civil Code;

民法第七百六十条の規定による婚姻から生ずる費用の分担の義務

the obligation concerning the custody of a child under the provisions of Article 766 and Article 766-3 of the Civil Code (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 749, Article 771, and Article 788 of that Code);

民法第七百六十六条及び第七百六十六条の三(これらの規定を同法第七百四十九条、第七百七十一条及び第七百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定による子の監護に関する義務

the obligation of support under the provisions of Articles 877 through 880 of the Civil Code;

any obligation similar to those stated in sub-items (a) through (d) above, which are under a contract;

イからニまでに掲げる義務に類する義務であって、契約に基づくもの

a claim of an employee and a claim for return of an employee's deposit, which have arisen from an employment relationship;

雇用関係に基づいて生じた使用人の請求権及び使用人の預り金の返還請求権

a claim that the bankrupt has not stated in the list of holders of dischargeable claims knowing its existence (excluding a claim held by a person that knew that an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings against the bankrupt has been made); or

破産者が知りながら債権者名簿に記載しなかった請求権(当該破産者について破産手続開始の決定があったことを知っていた者の有する請求権を除く。)

An order to grant a discharge does not affect any rights held by bankruptcy creditors against the bankrupt's guarantor or any other person that owes debts jointly with the bankrupt and any security provided by persons other than the bankrupt in the interest of bankruptcy creditors.

免責許可の決定は、破産債権者が破産者の保証人その他破産者と共に債務を負担する者に対して有する権利及び破産者以外の者が破産債権者のために供した担保に影響を及ぼさない。

If an order to grant a discharge has become final and binding, when there is a schedule of bankruptcy creditors, the court clerk must enter in it to the effect that the order to grant a discharge has become final and binding.

免責許可の決定が確定した場合において、破産債権者表があるときは、裁判所書記官は、これに免責許可の決定が確定した旨を記載しなければならない。

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), the effect of discharge under the provisions of that paragraph with regard to a claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance may be asserted only in relation to the mutual assistance under the provisions of .

第一項の規定にかかわらず、共助対象外国租税の請求権についての同項の規定による免責の効力は、の規定による共助との関係においてのみ主張することができる。

Article 254Order of Reversal of Discharges

第二百五十四条(免責取消しの決定)

When a judgment finding the bankrupt guilty for the crime stated in Article 265 has become final and binding, upon the petition of a bankruptcy creditor or by its own authority, the court may issue an order of reversal of discharge. The same applies when an order to grant a discharge was issued due to unlawful means used by the bankrupt, and a bankruptcy creditor has filed a petition for reversal of discharge within one year after the order to grant a discharge was issued.

第二百六十五条の罪について破産者に対する有罪の判決が確定したときは、裁判所は、破産債権者の申立てにより又は職権で、免責取消しの決定をすることができる。破産者の不正の方法によって免責許可の決定がされた場合において、破産債権者が当該免責許可の決定があった後一年以内に免責取消しの申立てをしたときも、同様とする。

The court must, when it has issued an order of reversal of discharge, immediately serve the written judgment upon the bankrupt and the petitioner, and a document stating the main text of the order upon bankruptcy creditors, respectively. In this case, with regard to service of the written judgment, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.

裁判所は、免責取消しの決定をしたときは、直ちに、その裁判書を破産者及び申立人に、その決定の主文を記載した書面を破産債権者に、それぞれ送達しなければならない。この場合において、裁判書の送達については、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。

An immediate appeal may be filed against a judicial decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1) and an order of reversal of discharge by the court's own authority.

第一項の申立てについての裁判及び職権による免責取消しの決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。

When a judicial decision on the immediate appeal stated in the preceding paragraph is made, the written judgment must be served upon the parties concerned. In this case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.

前項の即時抗告についての裁判があった場合には、その裁判書を当事者に送達しなければならない。この場合においては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。

When an order of reversal of discharge becomes final and binding, the order to grant a discharge ceases to be effective.

免責取消しの決定が確定したときは、免責許可の決定は、その効力を失う。

When an order of reversal of discharge has become final and binding, if there is a person that has acquired a claim against the bankrupt arising from a cause that occurred after the order to grant a discharge was issued and before the order of reversal of a discharge has become final and binding, the person has the right to receive payment of their claim in preference to other creditors in new bankruptcy proceedings.

免責取消しの決定が確定した場合において、免責許可の決定の確定後免責取消しの決定が確定するまでの間に生じた原因に基づいて破産者に対する債権を有するに至った者があるときは、その者は、新たな破産手続において、他の債権者に先立って自己の債権の弁済を受ける権利を有する。

The provisions of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis when an order of reversal of a discharge becomes final and binding.

前条第三項の規定は、免責取消しの決定が確定した場合について準用する。

Section 2 Release from Restrictions

第二節 復権

Article 255Release from Restrictions

第二百五十五条(復権)

The bankrupt's rights are released from restrictions in any of the following cases. The same applies when an order of release from restrictions referred to in paragraph (1) of the following Article becomes final and binding.

破産者は、次に掲げる事由のいずれかに該当する場合には、復権する。次条第一項の復権の決定が確定したときも、同様とする。

when an order to grant a discharge has become final and binding;

免責許可の決定が確定したとき。

when an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings under the provisions of Article 218, paragraph (1) has become final and binding;

第二百十八条第一項の規定による破産手続廃止の決定が確定したとき。

when an order of confirmation of the rehabilitation plan has become final and binding; or

再生計画認可の決定が確定したとき。

when ten years have elapsed after an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings was issued, and the bankrupt has not been given a final and binding judgment of conviction for the crime stated in Article 265 during this period.

破産者が、破産手続開始の決定後、第二百六十五条の罪について有罪の確定判決を受けることなく十年を経過したとき。

The effect of release from restrictions under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is as provided for by laws and regulations concerning personal qualifications.

前項の規定による復権の効果は、人の資格に関する法令の定めるところによる。

When an order of reversal of discharge or order of reversal of a rehabilitation plan becomes final and binding, the release from restrictions under the provisions of paragraph (1), item (i) or (iii) ceases to be effective from that time onwards.

免責取消しの決定又は再生計画取消しの決定が確定したときは、第一項第一号又は第三号の規定による復権は、将来に向かってその効力を失う。

Article 256Order of Release from Restrictions

第二百五十六条(復権の決定)

When the bankrupt is discharged from all of their debts to bankruptcy creditors through payment or any other means, the bankruptcy court must issue an order of release from restrictions upon the petition of the bankrupt.

破産者が弁済その他の方法により破産債権者に対する債務の全部についてその責任を免れたときは、破産裁判所は、破産者の申立てにより、復権の決定をしなければならない。

The court must give a public notice to that effect when the petition referred to in the preceding paragraph is filed.

裁判所は、前項の申立てがあったときは、その旨を公告しなければならない。

A bankruptcy creditor may state their opinions on the petition stated in paragraph (1) to the court within three months from the day on which the public notice under the provisions of the preceding paragraph becomes effective.

破産債権者は、前項の規定による公告が効力を生じた日から起算して三月以内に、裁判所に対し、第一項の申立てについて意見を述べることができる。

When it has made a judicial decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1), the court must serve the written judgment upon the bankrupt, and a document stating the main text of the decision upon bankruptcy creditors, respectively. In this case, with regard to service of the written judgment, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.

裁判所は、第一項の申立てについての裁判をしたときは、その裁判書を破産者に、その主文を記載した書面を破産債権者に、それぞれ送達しなければならない。この場合において、裁判書の送達については、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。

An immediate appeal may be filed against a judicial decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1).

第一項の申立てについての裁判に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。

When a judicial decision on the immediate appeal referred to in the preceding paragraph is made, the written judgment must be served upon the parties concerned. In this case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.

前項の即時抗告についての裁判があった場合には、その裁判書を当事者に送達しなければならない。この場合においては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。

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