Every term this law . Its definitions bind only this law — each entry says where the definition applies and links to the sentence that settles it. 108 terms: 76 with the Ministry of Justice's English, 32 in our translation, marked as such.
破産管財人
A person who has the right to administer and dispose of the property belonging to the bankruptcy estate (破産財団) in bankruptcy proceedings.
破産手続において破産財団に属する財産の管理及び処分をする権利を有する者
破産者
A debtor against whom an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings has been made under Article 30, paragraph (1).
債務者であって、第三十条第一項の規定により破産手続開始の決定がされているもの
破産債権者
破産債権
A claim on property against the bankrupt (破産者) arising from a cause that occurred before bankruptcy proceedings began, including the claims Article 97 lists, that is not a claim on the estate (財団債権).
破産者に対し破産手続開始前の原因に基づいて生じた財産上の請求権（第九十七条各号に掲げる債権を含む。）であって、財団債権に該当しないもの
The bankrupt's (破産者) property, inherited property (相続財産) or trust property (信託財産) that the bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人) has the exclusive right to administer and dispose of in bankruptcy proceedings.
破産者の財産又は相続財産若しくは信託財産であって、破産手続において破産管財人にその管理及び処分をする権利が専属するもの
The proceedings under Chapter II onward, except Chapter XII, for liquidating a debtor's property, inherited property (相続財産) or trust property (信託財産).
次章以下（第十二章を除く。）に定めるところにより、債務者の財産又は相続財産若しくは信託財産を清算する手続
届出をした破産債権者
A bankruptcy creditor (破産債権者) who has filed proof of a bankruptcy claim under Article 111, 112 or 114.
A claim that can be paid out of the bankruptcy estate (破産財団) at any time, without going through the bankruptcy proceedings.
破産手続によらないで破産財団から随時弁済を受けることができる債権
In Chapters VIII and IX, the distribution under Chapter VIII, Section 2 that a bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人) must make without delay to the bankruptcy creditors who have filed claims, once the ordinary period for investigation (一般調査期間) has passed or the ordinary date of investigation (一般調査期日) has ended and the property of the bankruptcy estate (破産財団) has all been realized, except where Article 217, paragraph (1) applies.
A person the court has ordered, under Article 91, paragraph (1), to administer the property of a debtor that is a corporation, between a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings and the court's decision on it.
第九十一条第一項の規定により債務者の財産に関し管理を命じられた者
The date for investigating bankruptcy claims (破産債権) that the court sets under Article 31, paragraph (1), item (iii) when it makes the order commencing bankruptcy proceedings, where it has the claims investigated on a date under Article 116, paragraph (2) rather than in writing within a period.
破産事件
The state in which a debtor, lacking the ability to pay, is generally and continuously unable to pay its debts as they fall due — for the bankruptcy of trust property (信託財産), the state in which the trustee, lacking the ability to pay out of the trust property, is generally and continuously unable to pay the obligations covered by the trust property (信託財産責任負担債務) that have fallen due.
債務者が、支払能力を欠くために、その債務のうち弁済期にあるものにつき、一般的かつ継続的に弁済することができない状態（信託財産の破産にあっては、受託者が、信託財産による支払能力を欠くために、信託財産責任負担債務（信託法（平成十八年法律第百八号）第二条第九項に規定する信託財産責任負担債務をいう。以下同じ。）のうち弁済期にあるものにつき、一般的かつ継続的に弁済することができない状態）
An order the court may make under Article 91, paragraph (1), after a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against a debtor that is a corporation and until it decides on the petition, placing the debtor's property under the administration of a temporary administrator (保全管理人).
The period for investigating bankruptcy claims (破産債権) that the court sets under Article 31, paragraph (1), item (iii) when it makes the order commencing bankruptcy proceedings.
The right of a person who, when bankruptcy proceedings begin, holds a special statutory lien (特別の先取特権), pledge (質権) or mortgage (抵当権) over property of the bankruptcy estate (破産財団) to enforce it against that property outside the bankruptcy proceedings, as Article 65, paragraph (1) allows.
破産手続開始の時において破産財団に属する財産につき特別の先取特権、質権又は抵当権を有する者がこれらの権利の目的である財産について第六十五条第一項の規定により行使することができる権利
受託者等
The trustee of a trust, or the administrator of trust property (信託財産管理者), the incorporated trust property administrator (信託財産法人管理人) or the administrator the court appoints with an administration order (管理命令) under Article 170, paragraph (1) of the Trust Act, any of whom may, besides a holder of a trust claim (信託債権) or a beneficiary, file a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings against the trust property.
An action objecting to the court's decision on a petition for bankruptcy claim assessment (破産債権査定申立て), which a person dissatisfied with the decision may bring within one month, a period that cannot be extended, after being served with it.
In Chapter VII, Section 2 (Articles 186 to 191), a special statutory lien (特別の先取特権), pledge (質権), mortgage (抵当権) or right of retention (留置権) under the Commercial Code or the Companies Act.
特別の先取特権、質権、抵当権又は商法若しくは会社法の規定による留置権
包括的禁止命令
An order the court may issue under Article 25, paragraph (1), after a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings and until it decides on the petition, prohibiting all creditors from enforcement, etc. (強制執行等) and collection of national tax delinquency (国税滞納処分) against the debtor's property.
A petition by the holder of a denied or disputed bankruptcy claim (異議等のある破産債権), against all the denying or disputing parties (異議者等), asking the court to assess the claim's amount, etc. (額等) so as to settle it.
異議等のある破産債権
A bankruptcy claim (破産債権) whose amount, or whose standing as a preferred, subordinate or consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claim (額等), the bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人) did not accept, or a creditor who filed a claim objected to, in the investigation of bankruptcy claims.
In Chapter VIII, Sections 2 and 5, the period within which a creditor must act to take part in the final distribution (最後配当): two weeks from the day the bankruptcy trustee's public notice under Article 197, paragraph (1) takes effect, or from the day the trustee reports to the court under Article 197, paragraph (3) that its notices should have reached the creditors who filed claims, as Article 198, paragraph (1) provides.
共助対象外国租税
A tax claim of another country that, under a tax treaty, Japan may help that country collect or secure property for, as defined in Article 11, paragraph (1) of the Act on Special Provisions of the Income Tax Act, the Corporation Tax Act and the Local Tax Act Incidental to Enforcement of Tax Treaties, etc. (Act No. 46 of 1969).
租税条約等の実施に伴う所得税法、法人税法及び地方税法の特例等に関する法律（昭和四十四年法律第四十六号。第百三条第五項及び第二百五十三条第四項において「租税条約等実施特例法」という。）第十一条第一項に規定する共助対象外国租税
The claims Article 99, paragraph (1) lists — those in Article 97, items (i) to (vii), such as interest and damages for nonperformance arising after bankruptcy proceedings begin, and the parts of certain interest-free or periodic-payment claims falling due after commencement that items (ii) to (iv) calculate — which rank behind the other bankruptcy claims (破産債権) except consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claims (約定劣後破産債権).
債権者委員会
A committee made up of bankruptcy creditors (破産債権者) that the court, on an interested person's petition, has approved under Article 144, paragraph (1) to take part in the bankruptcy proceedings.
In Chapter VI, Section 3 (Articles 177 to 183), the court's decision, made by order on the bankruptcy trustee's (破産管財人) petition or on its own authority, assessing a claim for damages based on the liability of the officers (役員) of a corporation that is the debtor in bankruptcy.
In Chapter VII, Section 2 (Articles 186 to 191), a holder of a security interest (担保権) that the bankruptcy trustee's (破産管財人) written petition names, under Article 186, paragraph (3), item (iv), as one to be extinguished.
In Chapter I (Articles 1 to 14), bankruptcy proceedings (破産手続), discharge proceedings (免責手続) under Chapter XII, Section 1, and proceedings for release from restrictions (復権) under Chapter XII, Section 2.
A claim that the bankruptcy creditor and the bankrupt agreed, before bankruptcy proceedings began, would rank behind subordinate bankruptcy claims (劣後的破産債権) for distribution if bankruptcy proceedings were opened against the debtor; it ranks behind those claims.
The period the court sets under Article 31, paragraph (1), item (i) or paragraph (3) within which a bankruptcy creditor who wishes to take part in the bankruptcy proceedings must file with the court the amount and cause of each bankruptcy claim (破産債権) and the other particulars Article 111, paragraph (1) lists.
A concealment, gratuitous transfer or other disposition of property by the bankrupt (破産者) that harms the bankruptcy creditors (破産債権者).
In Chapter VIII, Section 5 (Articles 209 to 214), a distribution that a bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人) may make, with the court's permission and ahead of the final distribution (最後配当), to the bankruptcy creditors who have filed claims, after the ordinary period for investigation (一般調査期間) has passed or the ordinary date of investigation (一般調査期日) has ended and before the property of the bankruptcy estate (破産財団) has all been realized, where the trustee finds money in the estate suitable for distribution.
破産裁判所
The district court before which the bankruptcy case (破産事件) is pending.
破産事件が係属している地方裁判所
租税等の請求権
A claim that can be collected under the National Tax Collection Act (Act No. 147 of 1959) or by the procedure for collecting national tax.
優先的破産債権
A bankruptcy claim (破産債権) that has a general statutory lien (一般の先取特権) or other general priority over property of the bankruptcy estate (破産財団), other than a subordinate bankruptcy claim (劣後的破産債権) or a consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claim (約定劣後破産債権); it ranks ahead of the other bankruptcy claims.
A person who holds a special statutory lien (特別の先取特権), pledge (質権) or mortgage (抵当権) over the bankrupt's (破産者) property that does not belong to the bankruptcy estate (破産財団), or who, where a further order commencing bankruptcy proceedings has been made against the bankrupt, holds a bankruptcy claim (破産債権) in the earlier bankruptcy proceedings (Article 108, paragraph (2)).
売得金
In Chapter VII, Section 2 (Articles 186 to 191), the money a bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人) can obtain from the buyer by selling property of the bankruptcy estate (破産財団) to extinguish the security interests (担保権) on it, less any money for the actual costs of the sale contract and the amount of consumption tax, etc. (消費税額等) on the transfer that the contract puts on the buyer.
買受けの申出
In Chapter VII, Section 2 (Articles 186 to 191), an offer that a designated security interest holder (被申立担保権者) objecting to the bankruptcy trustee's petition to extinguish security interests may make to the trustee, within the period in Article 187, paragraph (1), that it or another person will buy the property concerned.
In Chapter VII, Section 2 (Articles 186 to 191), a person who seeks to buy the property that the bankruptcy trustee's (破産管財人) petition to extinguish security interests (担保権) concerns, named in a purchase offer (買受けの申出).
In Chapters VIII and IX, a distribution under Chapter VIII, Section 3 that the court clerk may permit, on the bankruptcy trustee's (破産管財人) petition, in place of a final distribution (最後配当), where the amount available for distribution appears to be less than 10 million yen, or in the other cases Article 204, paragraph (1) lists.
強制執行等
In Chapter II, Section 1 (Articles 15 to 29), enforcement (強制執行), provisional seizure (仮差押え), provisional disposition (仮処分), exercise of a general statutory lien (一般の先取特権), or an auction based on a right of retention (留置権) other than one under the Commercial Code or the Companies Act.
A disposition made, in the same way as collection of national tax delinquency (国税滞納処分), on a claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance (共助対象外国租税) — a tax of a treaty partner that Japan helps to collect under a tax treaty.
A period the court sets for investigating a bankruptcy claim (破産債権) that was filed, or whose filed particulars were changed, after the period for filing proofs of claims (債権届出期間) had passed but before the ordinary period for investigation (一般調査期間) ended or the ordinary date of investigation (一般調査期日) was over.
In the original supplementary provisions (附則) of this Act, this Act — the Bankruptcy Act (Act No. 75 of 2004) — as distinct from the former Bankruptcy Act (Act No. 71 of 1922) that Article 2 of those supplementary provisions abolished.
罰金等の請求権
A claim for a fine (罰金), petty fine (科料), court costs in a criminal case, a sum collected in place of confiscation (追徴金) or a civil fine (過料).
In Chapter IV, Section 3, Subsection 4 (Articles 124 to 133), the bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人) who did not accept a bankruptcy claim's amount, etc. (額等) and the creditors who filed claims and objected to it, all of whom the holder of that claim must name as opponents in a petition for assessment.
In Chapter IV, Section 4, Subsection 1 (creditors' meetings, Articles 135 to 143), a bankruptcy creditor (破産債権者) who may exercise voting rights at a creditors' meeting (債権者集会).
In Chapters VIII and IX, a distribution the court clerk may permit, on the bankruptcy trustee's (破産管財人) petition, in place of a final distribution (最後配当), where all the bankruptcy creditors who have filed claims agree to the distribution list, the amounts, and the time and method of distribution the trustee has set.
外国管財人
A person who has the right to administer and dispose of the bankrupt's (破産者) property in foreign insolvency proceedings (外国倒産処理手続) concerning the bankrupt — proceedings begun in a foreign country that correspond to bankruptcy or rehabilitation proceedings.
当該外国倒産処理手続において破産者の財産の管理及び処分をする権利を有する者
In Article 8-4, a petition (申立て) or other statement (申述) made in bankruptcy proceedings (破産手続), discharge proceedings (免責手続) or proceedings for release from restrictions (復権).
In Article 11 and Article 12, paragraph (1), documents and other items submitted to the court, or prepared by it, under this Act (including other Acts as this Act applies them).
A date the court may set for investigating a bankruptcy claim (破産債権) that was filed, or whose filed particulars were changed, after the period for filing proofs of claims (債権届出期間) had passed but before the ordinary period for investigation (一般調査期間) ended or the ordinary date of investigation (一般調査期日) was over.
買受けの申出の額
In Chapter VII, Section 2 (Articles 186 to 191), the money the bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人) can obtain from an applicant for purchase (買受希望者) by selling the property to them, less any money for the actual costs of the sale contract and the amount of consumption tax, etc. (消費税額等) on the transfer that the contract puts on the applicant.
In Article 215, a distribution a bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人) must make, with the court's permission, to the bankruptcy creditors who filed claims where substantial further property available for distribution is found after the point Article 215, paragraph (1) sets for a final, simplified or consensual distribution, apart from that distribution and even after the order terminating the bankruptcy proceedings.
A creditors' meeting (債権者集会) called to report on the state of the bankrupt's (破産者) property, whose date the court sets under Article 31, paragraph (1), item (ii).
In Chapter VII, Section 2 (Articles 186 to 191), the written petition in which a bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人) asks the court for permission to sell property of the bankruptcy estate (破産財団) and extinguish the security interests (担保権) on it, stating the property, the proceeds (売得金), the buyer, the security interests to be extinguished and the claims they secure, any amount to be added to the estate (組入金), and the trustee's consultations with the secured creditors.
買受人
In Chapter VII, Section 2 (Articles 186 to 191), the applicant for purchase (買受希望者) whom the court's decision under Article 189, paragraph (1), item (ii) names as the buyer, with whom a sale contract is deemed made once that decision becomes final and binding.
In Chapter VIII, Section 5 (Articles 209 to 214), the period within which a creditor must act to take part in an interim distribution (中間配当): two weeks from the day the bankruptcy trustee's public notice of the distribution takes effect, or from the day the trustee reports to the court that its notices should have reached the creditors who filed claims, as Article 198, paragraph (1) provides and Article 209, paragraph (3) applies it.
会計監査人
In Chapter X-2 (bankruptcy of trust property), an accounting auditor under Article 248, paragraph (1) or (2) of the Trust Act: one that a limited liability trust issuing beneficiary certificates (受益証券発行限定責任信託) may appoint under its terms of trust (信託行為), or must appoint where the liabilities on its latest balance sheet total 20 billion yen or more.
信託法第二百四十八条第一項又は第二項の会計監査人
外国倒産処理手続
In Chapter XI (Articles 245 to 247), proceedings begun in a foreign country that correspond to bankruptcy proceedings or rehabilitation proceedings (再生手続).
外国で開始された手続で、破産手続又は再生手続に相当するもの
債務者
In Chapter XII, Section 1 (discharge proceedings), an individual debtor — after the order commencing bankruptcy proceedings, the bankrupt (破産者) — who may petition the bankruptcy court for a grant of discharge (免責許可).
支障部分
In Article 12, the part of the documents, etc. (文書等) that Article 12, paragraph (1) lists, submitted by a bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人) or temporary administrator (保全管理人), whose inspection, copying or other access (閲覧等) by an interested person would be likely to seriously hinder the administration or realization of the bankruptcy estate (破産財団) — before bankruptcy proceedings begin, of the debtor's property — and access to which the court may limit on that trustee's or administrator's petition.
In Article 24, paragraph (1) and Article 25, paragraph (8), a claim that would be a bankruptcy claim (破産債権) or a claim on the estate (財団債権) if an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings were made against the debtor.
強制執行又は先取特権の実行
In Article 42, enforcement (強制執行) or exercise of a general statutory lien (一般の先取特権) of the kind Article 42, paragraph (1) refers to — based on, or securing, a bankruptcy claim (破産債権) or a claim on the estate (財団債権) — against property of the bankruptcy estate (破産財団).
In Articles 62 and 64 and Article 78, paragraph (2), item (xiii), the right to take back from the bankruptcy estate (破産財団) property that does not belong to the bankrupt (破産者), which the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings does not affect.
In Articles 81 and 82 and Article 118, paragraph (5), mail (郵便物) or correspondence items (信書便物) as defined in Article 2, paragraph (3) of the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators (Act No. 99 of 2002) addressed to the bankrupt (破産者), which the court may ask the delivery business to deliver to the bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人) instead.
In Chapter VI, Section 2 (Articles 160 to 176, on the right of avoidance (否認権)), a suspension of payments (支払の停止) by the bankrupt or a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings.
役員
In Chapter VI, Section 3 (Articles 177 to 183), a director (理事), company director (取締役), executive officer (執行役), inspector (監事), company auditor (監査役) or liquidator (清算人), or a person equivalent to any of them, of a corporation that is the debtor where an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings has been made against it.
In Chapter VII, Section 2 (Articles 186 to 191), the part of the proceeds (売得金) of a sale of property that the bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人) proposes to add to the bankruptcy estate (破産財団) when asking the court to extinguish the security interests (担保権) on that property.
信託債権
In Article 244-4 and Article 244-7, a trust claim as defined in Article 21, paragraph (2), item (ii) of the Trust Act: a claim relating to an obligation covered by the trust property (信託財産責任負担債務) that is not a beneficiary claim (受益債権).
信託法第二十一条第二項第二号に規定する信託債権
In Article 5 and Article 161, paragraph (2), item (ii), sub-item (b), a stock company in which a corporation (the parent corporation, 親法人) holds a majority of all shareholders' voting rights.
In Article 5, a bankruptcy case (破産事件), rehabilitation case (再生事件) or reorganization case (更生事件).
In Article 5 and Article 161, paragraph (2), item (ii), sub-item (b), a corporation that holds a majority of all shareholders' voting rights in a stock company (the subsidiary stock company, 子株式会社).
In Article 8-4, paragraphs (1), (2) and (4), a written document, papers, a transcript, an extract, an authenticated copy, a duplicate, a counterpart or any other paper or tangible object on which characters, figures or other information people can perceive is written.
書面、書類、文書、謄本、抄本、正本、副本、複本その他文字、図形等人の知覚によって認識することができる情報が記載された紙その他の有体物
閲覧等
In Article 12, an interested person's inspection or copying of documents, etc. (文書等), the issue of an authenticated copy, transcript or extract of them, or their reproduction.
In Article 21, the document in which a petition to commence bankruptcy proceedings must be made under Article 20, paragraph (1), stating the particulars the Rules of the Supreme Court (最高裁判所規則) specify.
Short name for the Act on Special Provisions of the Income Tax Act, the Corporation Tax Act and the Local Tax Act Incidental to Enforcement of Tax Treaties, etc. (Act No. 46 of 1969).
労働組合等
In Article 32, paragraph (3), item (iv), Article 78, paragraph (4) and Article 136, paragraph (3), a labor union organized by a majority of the bankrupt's (破産者) employees and other workers, or, where there is no such union, a person representing that majority.
破産者の使用人その他の従業者の過半数で組織する労働組合があるときはその労働組合、破産者の使用人その他の従業者の過半数で組織する労働組合がないときは破産者の使用人その他の従業者の過半数を代表する者
In Article 42, paragraph (6) and Article 249, paragraphs (1) and (2), the procedure for acquiring information from third parties under Article 204 of the Civil Enforcement Act: the procedure under that Act for obtaining information about a debtor's property.
同法第二百四条に規定する第三者からの情報取得手続
In Article 42, paragraph (6) and Article 249, paragraphs (1) and (2), the asset disclosure procedure under Article 196 of the Civil Enforcement Act: the procedure under that Act for disclosing a debtor's property.
民事執行法第百九十六条に規定する財産開示手続
In Article 65, paragraph (2), a special statutory lien (特別の先取特権), pledge (質権) or mortgage (抵当権).
特別の先取特権、質権又は抵当権
In Article 104, payment or any other act that extinguishes a debt.
In Article 125 and Article 127, paragraph (1), the amount of a bankruptcy claim (破産債権), or whether it is a preferred, subordinate or consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claim.
In Article 140, paragraphs (1) and (2) and Article 141, paragraph (1), item (i), a holder of a right of separate satisfaction (別除権者), a holder of a quasi-right of separate satisfaction (準別除権者), or a holder of a bankruptcy claim (破産債権) that is subject to a condition precedent or may arise in the future.
In Chapter VII, Section 2 (Articles 186 to 191), the amount of consumption tax on the transfer of the property, together with the amount of local consumption tax levied with that consumption tax as its tax base.
当該消費税額及びこれを課税標準として課されるべき地方消費税額
信託財産責任負担債務
An obligation covered by the trust property as defined in Article 2, paragraph (9) of the Trust Act (Act No. 108 of 2006): a debt that the trustee is liable to perform with property belonging to the trust property (信託財産).
信託法（平成十八年法律第百八号）第二条第九項に規定する信託財産責任負担債務
Discharge proceedings under Chapter XII, Section 1 (Articles 248 to 254): the proceedings on an individual debtor's petition for a grant of discharge (免責許可).
In Article 32, paragraph (1), item (iv) and paragraph (3), item (ii), a person who holds property belonging to the bankruptcy estate (破産財団) or who owes a debt to the bankrupt (破産者).
In Article 83, paragraphs (2) and (3), a corporation connected with the bankrupt (破産者): where the bankrupt is a stock company, its subsidiary company as defined in Article 2, item (iii) of the Companies Act; where it is not, a stock company in which the bankrupt holds a majority of all shareholders' voting rights.
次の各号に掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該各号に定める法人
A decision made under Article 11, paragraph (1) of the Act on Special Provisions of the Income Tax Act, the Corporation Tax Act and the Local Tax Act Incidental to Enforcement of Tax Treaties, etc. (Act No. 46 of 1969), by the regional taxation bureau commissioner or other tax official in charge (所轄国税局長等), to give the assistance that a treaty partner has requested under a tax treaty in collecting a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance (共助対象外国租税), or in securing property for collecting it.
租税条約等実施特例法第十一条第一項に規定する共助実施決定
In Article 125, paragraphs (3) and (4), the court's decision, made by order on a petition for bankruptcy claim assessment (破産債権査定申立て), assessing whether a denied or disputed bankruptcy claim (異議等のある破産債権) exists and its amount, etc. (額等).
外国管財人
A person who has the right to administer and dispose of the bankrupt's (破産者) property in foreign insolvency proceedings (外国倒産処理手続) concerning the bankrupt — proceedings begun in a foreign country that correspond to bankruptcy or rehabilitation proceedings.
第二百四十五条第一項に規定する外国管財人
In Article 146, a written report, an inventory of assets (財産目録) or a balance sheet (貸借対照表).
報告書、財産目録又は貸借対照表
破産債権に基づく強制執行等
In Article 249, enforcement (強制執行), provisional seizure (仮差押え), provisional disposition (仮処分) or disposal of foreign tax delinquency (外国租税滞納処分) against the bankrupt's property based on a bankruptcy claim (破産債権), or exercise of a general statutory lien (一般の先取特権) or an auction based on a right of retention (留置権) other than one under the Commercial Code or the Companies Act, securing a bankruptcy claim.
In Article 268, paragraphs (2) and (4), a representative, agent, employee or other worker of a person with a duty to explain (説明義務者).
破産管財人等
In Article 273, paragraphs (1) and (2), a bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人), temporary administrator (保全管理人), bankruptcy trustee representative (破産管財人代理) or temporary administrator representative (保全管理人代理).
In Articles 6 and 7 of the original supplementary provisions (附則) of this Act, the former Bankruptcy Act (Act No. 71 of 1922) as it stood before Article 2 of those supplementary provisions abolished it.