Article 97Permission to Use a Building
第九十七条(建物使用の許可)
If a commencement order for forced administration has been issued for a building in which the obligor resides and the obligor is unable to find another place to reside, the enforcement court, upon petition, may permit use of the building to the extent necessary for the obligor and any cohabiting relatives whose living expenses are paid from the same resources as the obligor (including a person whose relationship with the obligor is, de facto, that of husband and wife or adoptive parent and adopted child, even though they have not registered a marriage or adoption; referred to as the "obligor's household" below) to reside in it for a period it has specified.
債務者の居住する建物について強制管理の開始決定がされた場合において、債務者が他に居住すべき場所を得ることができないときは、執行裁判所は、申立てにより、債務者及びその者と生計を一にする同居の親族(婚姻又は縁組の届出をしていないが債務者と事実上夫婦又は養親子と同様の関係にある者を含む。以下「債務者等」という。)の居住に必要な限度において、期間を定めて、その建物の使用を許可することができる。
When the obligor has obstructed the administration by the administrator or when there is any change in circumstances, the enforcement court may, upon petition, void or change an order under the preceding paragraph.
債務者が管理人の管理を妨げたとき、又は事情の変更があつたときは、執行裁判所は、申立てにより、前項の規定による決定を取り消し、又は変更することができる。
An appeal may be filed against an order on the petition referred to in the preceding two paragraphs.
前二項の申立てについての決定に対しては、執行抗告をすることができる。
Article 98Giving a Portion of the Earnings
第九十八条(収益等の分与)
If the obligor would fall into extreme poverty through forced administration, the enforcement court may, upon petition, order the administrator to give the obligor the necessary money or earnings, depending on the extent of their poverty, from the earnings or the realization price.
強制管理により債務者の生活が著しく困窮することとなるときは、執行裁判所は、申立てにより、管理人に対し、収益又はその換価代金からその困窮の程度に応じ必要な金銭又は収益を債務者に分与すべき旨を命ずることができる。
The provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to an order under the preceding paragraph, and the provisions of paragraph (3) of that Article apply mutatis mutandis to an order based on the petition referred to in the preceding paragraph or the petition referred to in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to this paragraph.
Article 99Supervision of an Administrator
第九十九条(管理人の監督)
An administrator is supervised by the enforcement court.
管理人は、執行裁判所が監督する。
Article 100Duty of Care of an Administrator
第百条(管理人の注意義務)
An administrator must perform their duties with due care of a prudent manager.
管理人は、善良な管理者の注意をもつてその職務を行わなければならない。
If an administrator fails to have the due care referred to in the preceding paragraph, the administrator is jointly and severally liable to compensate for damage to any person having an interest.
管理人が前項の注意を怠つたときは、その管理人は、利害関係を有する者に対し、連帯して損害を賠償する責めに任ずる。
Article 101Remuneration for an Administrator
第百一条(管理人の報酬等)
An administrator may receive advance payments of expenses necessary for forced administration as well as a remuneration determined by the enforcement court.
管理人は、強制管理のため必要な費用の前払及び執行裁判所の定める報酬を受けることができる。
An appeal may be filed against an order under the preceding paragraph.
前項の規定による決定に対しては、執行抗告をすることができる。
Article 102Dismissal of an Administrator
第百二条(管理人の解任)
The enforcement court may, upon petition by a person having an interest or by its own authority, dismiss an administrator if there are material grounds to do so. In this case, the enforcement court must interrogate the administrator.
重要な事由があるときは、執行裁判所は、利害関係を有する者の申立てにより、又は職権で、管理人を解任することができる。この場合においては、その管理人を審尋しなければならない。
Article 103Duty to Make a Report of Account
第百三条(計算の報告義務)
An administrator must, upon the termination of the administrator's office, make a report of account to the enforcement court without delay.
管理人の任務が終了した場合においては、管理人又はその承継人は、遅滞なく、執行裁判所に計算の報告をしなければならない。
Article 104Stay of Forced Administration
第百四条(強制管理の停止)
If a document stated in Article 39, paragraph (1), item (vii) or (viii) has been submitted, forced administration may be continued in the same state as at the time of the submission, except for the procedure of distribution or payment. In this case, the administrator must make a statutory deposit of the money to be allotted to distribution or payment and notify the enforcement court of the circumstances.
第三十九条第一項第七号又は第八号に掲げる文書の提出があつた場合においては、強制管理は、配当等の手続を除き、その時の態様で継続することができる。この場合においては、管理人は、配当等に充てるべき金銭を供託し、その事情を執行裁判所に届け出なければならない。
When it is possible to fully perform the claims and enforcement costs of the respective obligees with the amount of money deposited pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the enforcement court must cancel the forced administration procedure, except for the procedure of distribution or payment
Article 105Distribution Demand
第百五条(配当要求)
An obligee having an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation and an obligee who has proved that the obligee has a general statutory lien based on any of the documents stated in the items of Article 181, paragraph (1) may make a distribution demand to the enforcement court.
執行力のある債務名義の正本を有する債権者及び第百八十一条第一項各号に掲げる文書により一般の先取特権を有することを証明した債権者は、執行裁判所に対し、配当要求をすることができる。
An appeal may be filed against a judicial decision to deny a distribution demand.
配当要求を却下する裁判に対しては、執行抗告をすることができる。
Article 106Money to Be Allocated to Distribution
第百六条(配当等に充てるべき金銭等)
The amount of money to be allocated to distribution or payment is that obtained by deducting the tax or public charges imposed on the immovable property, the remuneration for the administrator and any other necessary expenses from the earnings or the realization price remaining after giving any portion of this under Article 98, paragraph (1).
If it is unlikely that any money to be allotted to distribution or payment will arise, the enforcement court must cancel the forced administration procedure.
配当等に充てるべき金銭を生ずる見込みがないときは、執行裁判所は、強制管理の手続を取り消さなければならない。
Article 107Implementation of Distribution by an Administrator
第百七条(管理人による配当等の実施)
An administrator must pay expenses provided in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, calculate the amount of money to be allotted to distribution or payment for each period specified by the enforcement court, and implement of distribution or payment.
If there is only one obligee or if there are two or more obligees and it is possible to fully perform the claims and enforcement costs of the respective obligees with the money to be allotted to distribution or payment, the administrator delivers payment money to the obligee and delivers any surplus to the obligor.
Except in the cases prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if an agreement is reached among the obligees regarding distribution of the money to be allocated to distribution or payment, the administrator implements distribution in accordance with the agreement.
The obligees who are to receive distribution are the following:
配当等を受けるべき債権者は、次に掲げる者とする。
the attaching obligee who falls under any of (a) through (c) below:
差押債権者のうち次のイからハまでのいずれかに該当するもの
an obligee who has filed a petition for forced administration by the time of expiration of the period referred to in paragraph (1);
第一項の期間の満了までに強制管理の申立てをしたもの
an obligee who has filed a petition for the enforcement against earnings from secured immovable property prescribed in Article 180, item (ii) for exercise of a general statutory lien by the time of expiration of the period referred to in paragraph (1);
an obligee who has filed a petition for the enforcement against earnings from secured immovable property prescribed in Article 180, item (ii) by the time of expiration of the period referred to in paragraph (1) (excluding the obligee stated in (b) above) if that petition is based on a security interest that has been registered (including provisional registration for preservation prescribed in Article 53, paragraph (2) of the Civil Preservation Act) before registration of the seizure involving in the first commencement order for forced administration;
the obligee effecting a provisional seizure (limited to an obligee who has filed a petition to effect a provisional seizure through forced administration by the time of expiration of the period referred to in paragraph (1)); and
仮差押債権者(第一項の期間の満了までに、強制管理の方法による仮差押えの執行の申立てをしたものに限る。)
obligees who made a distribution demand by the time of expiration of the period referred to in paragraph (1).
第一項の期間の満了までに配当要求をした債権者
If the agreement referred to in paragraph (3) is not reached, the administrator must notify the enforcement court of the circumstances.
第三項の協議が調わないときは、管理人は、その事情を執行裁判所に届け出なければならない。
Article 108Statutory Deposit in the Distribution Amount by an Administrator
第百八条(管理人による配当等の額の供託)
If any of the grounds stated in the items of Article 91, paragraph (1) (excluding item (vii)) exist for the claim of an obligee who is to receive distribution or payment, the administrator must make a statutory deposit of the money equivalent to the amount of the distribution or payment and notify the enforcement court of the circumstances. The same applies when an obligee has failed to appear to the enforcement court to receive distribution
Article 109Implementation of Distribution by an Enforcement Court
第百九条(執行裁判所による配当等の実施)
An enforcement court must implement the procedure of distribution or payment, immediately if notification has been given under Article 107, paragraph (5) and at the time when the grounds for statutory deposit were extinguished if notification has been given under Article 104, paragraph (1) or the preceding Article.
Article 110Voidance of a Forced Administration Procedure Through Performance
第百十条(弁済による強制管理の手続の取消し)
When the respective obligees have received full performance of their claims and enforcement costs through distribution or payment, the enforcement court must cancel the forced administration procedure.
The provisions of Article 46, paragraph (1), Article 47, paragraph (2), the main clause of Article 47, paragraph (6), Article 47, paragraph (7), Article 48, Article 53, Article 54, Article 84, paragraphs (3) and (4), Article 87, paragraphs (2) and (3) and Article 88 apply mutatis mutandis to forced administration, and the provisions of Article 84, paragraphs (1) and (2), Articles 85 through 86 and Articles 89 through 92 apply mutatis mutandis to the procedure of distribution or payment implemented by the enforcement court pursuant to the provisions of Article 109. In this case, the phrase "after the payment of the sales price" in Article 84, paragraphs (3) and (4) is deemed to be replaced with "after the passage of the period referred to in Article 107, paragraph (1)".
Subsection 2 Judicial Enforcement Against a Vessel
第二款 船舶に対する強制執行
Article 112Vessel Enforcement Method
第百十二条(船舶執行の方法)
Judicial enforcement against a vessel of not less than twenty tons gross (excluding oar or paddle watercrafts or any other craft that uses solely or mainly oars or paddles for propulsion; referred to as a "vessel" in this Section and the following Chapter) (referred to as "vessel enforcement" below) is carried out through a compulsory auction.
総トン数二十トン以上の船舶(端舟その他ろかい又は主としてろかいをもつて運転する舟を除く。以下この節及び次章において「船舶」という。)に対する強制執行(以下「船舶執行」という。)は、強制競売の方法により行う。
第百十三条(執行裁判所)
The district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the vessel at the time of issuance of an order commencing compulsory auction proceedings has jurisdiction over vessel enforcement as the enforcement court.
第百十四条(開始決定等)
To commence proceedings for a compulsory auction, the enforcement court must issue an order commencing compulsory auction proceedings, and order a court enforcement officer to confiscate the document proving the nationality of the vessel and any other documents needed for the vessel to sail (referred to as the "ship's papers" below) and to submit them to the enforcement court; provided, however, that the order to a court enforcement officer is not necessary if the ship's papers have already been confiscated based on a commencement order issued before that commencement order.
執行裁判所は、強制競売の手続を開始するには、強制競売の開始決定をし、かつ、執行官に対し、船舶の国籍を証する文書その他の船舶の航行のために必要な文書(以下「船舶国籍証書等」という。)を取り上げて執行裁判所に提出すべきことを命じなければならない。ただし、その開始決定前にされた開始決定により船舶国籍証書等が取り上げられているときは、執行官に対する命令を要しない。
In an order commencing compulsory auction proceedings, the enforcement court must declare that a vessel must be seized for the obligee and prohibit the obligor from allowing the vessel to depart.
強制競売の開始決定においては、債権者のために船舶を差し押さえる旨を宣言し、かつ、債務者に対し船舶の出航を禁止しなければならない。
When a court enforcement officer has confiscated the ship's papers before the service of an order commencing compulsory auction proceedings or registration of a seizure, the seizure becomes effective at the time of the confiscation.
強制競売の開始決定の送達又は差押えの登記前に執行官が船舶国籍証書等を取り上げたときは、差押えの効力は、その取上げの時に生ずる。
Article 115Order to Deliver the Ship's Papers Before the Filing of a Petition for Vessel Enforcement
第百十五条(船舶執行の申立て前の船舶国籍証書等の引渡命令)
If it is likely that vessel enforcement will become extremely difficult unless the ship's papers are confiscated before the filing of a petition for vessel enforcement, the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the vessel's registry (or, for a vessel without registry, the place designated by the Supreme Court) may, upon petition, order the obligor to deliver the ship's papers to a court enforcement officer. If there are pressing circumstances, the district court having jurisdiction in the locality of the vessel may also issue this order.
The court may render a judicial decision under the preceding paragraph without hearing oral arguments.
前項の規定による裁判は、口頭弁論を経ないですることができる。
To file the petition referred to in paragraph (1), a petitioner must present an authenticated copy of an enforceable title of obligation and make a prima facie showing of the grounds prescribed in that paragraph.
第一項の申立てをするには、執行力のある債務名義の正本を提示し、かつ、同項に規定する事由を疎明しなければならない。
If the obligee fails to submit a document proving that the obligee has filed a petition for vessel enforcement within five days from the day on which the court enforcement officer received delivery of the ship's papers, the court enforcement officer must return the ship's papers to the obligor.
An immediate appeal may be filed against an order under paragraph (1).
第一項の規定による決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
The immediate appeal referred to in the preceding paragraph does not have the effect of staying enforcement.
前項の即時抗告は、執行停止の効力を有しない。
The provisions of Article 55, paragraphs (8) through (10) apply mutatis mutandis to an order under paragraph (1).
第五十五条第八項から第十項までの規定は、第一項の規定による決定について準用する。