第四十一条(立入検査)
To the extent necessary for the enforcement of this Act, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry may have the relevant officials enter the business office or other office of a licensed installment seller, comprehensive credit purchase intermediary, individual credit purchase intermediary, designated credit bureau, person that has obtained the license referred to in Article 35-3-61, designated entrusted institution, a business that has a contract for handling credit card numbers, or certified installment sales association, and inspect its books and documents and other articles.
経済産業大臣は、この法律の施行に必要な限度において、その職員に、許可割賦販売業者、包括信用購入あつせん業者、個別信用購入あつせん業者、指定信用情報機関、第三十五条の三の六十一の許可を受けた者、指定受託機関、クレジットカード番号等取扱契約締結事業者又は認定割賦販売協会の営業所又は事務所に立ち入り、帳簿、書類その他の物件の検査をさせることができる。
In a case as prescribed in paragraph (2), paragraph (4), or paragraph (6) of the preceding Article, if the Prime Minister finds it to be particularly necessary in order to protect the interests of users, purchasers, service recipients, or recipients of designated services, the minister, within the scope that it is necessary, may have the relevant officials enter the business office or office of a licensed installment seller, comprehensive credit purchase intermediary, individual credit purchase intermediary, or person that has obtained the license referred to in Article 35-3-61, and inspect its books and documents and other articles.
内閣総理大臣は、前条第二項、第四項又は第六項に規定する場合において利用者又は購入者若しくは役務の提供を受ける者若しくは指定役務の提供を受ける者の利益を保護するため特に必要があると認めるときは、その必要な限度において、その職員に、許可割賦販売業者、包括信用購入あつせん業者、個別信用購入あつせん業者又は第三十五条の三の六十一の許可を受けた者の営業所又は事務所に立ち入り、帳簿、書類その他の物件の検査をさせることができる。
To the extent necessary for the enforcement of this Act, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry may have the relevant officials enter the business office or office of a business that handles credit card numbers or an entrusted business that handles credit card numbers and inspect its books and documents and other articles (but may only have the relevant officials inspect these in connection with the extent of the proper management of credit card numbers).
経済産業大臣は、この法律の施行に必要な限度において、その職員に、クレジットカード番号等取扱業者又はクレジットカード番号等取扱受託業者の営業所又は事務所に立ち入り、帳簿、書類その他の物件の検査(クレジットカード番号等の適切な管理等の状況に係るものに限る。)をさせることができる。
If the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry finds it to be particularly necessary in order to enforce this Act, the minister, within the scope that it is necessary, may have the relevant officials enter the business office or office of a person that has been entrusted by a comprehensive credit purchase intermediary with services linked to the intermediation of comprehensive credit purchases and inspect its books and documents and other articles (but may only have the relevant officials inspect these in connection with the services linked to the intermediation of comprehensive credit purchases with which the person has been entrusted).
経済産業大臣は、この法律の施行のため特に必要があると認めるときは、その必要な限度において、その職員に、包括信用購入あつせん業者から包括信用購入あつせんに係る業務の委託を受けた者の営業所又は事務所に立ち入り、帳簿、書類その他の物件の検査(その委託を受けた包括信用購入あつせんに係る業務に係るものに限る。)をさせることができる。
If the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry finds it to be particularly necessary in order to enforce this Act, the minister, within the scope that it is necessary, may have the relevant officials enter the business office or office of a closely related person and inspect its books and documents and other articles (but may only have the relevant officials inspect these in connection with the extent of an individual credit purchase intermediary's compliance with the provisions of Article 35-3-5 and the main clause of Article 35-3-7).
経済産業大臣は、この法律の施行のため特に必要があると認めるときは、その必要な限度において、その職員に、密接関係者の営業所又は事務所に立ち入り、帳簿、書類その他の物件の検査(個別信用購入あつせん業者の第三十五条の三の五及び第三十五条の三の七本文の規定の遵守の状況に係るものに限る。)をさせることができる。
If the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry finds it to be particularly necessary in order to ensure the proper management of specified credit information services, the minister, within the scope that it is necessary, may have the relevant officials enter the business office or office of a participating comprehensive credit purchase intermediary, participating individual credit purchase intermediary, or any other person that uses a designated credit bureau, or of a person that has been entrusted as under the paragraphs of Article 35-3-42, and inspect its books and documents and other articles (but may only have the relevant officials inspect these in connection with the business activities or assets of the designated credit bureau).
経済産業大臣は、特定信用情報提供等業務の適正な運営を確保するため特に必要があると認めるときは、その必要な限度において、その職員に、加入包括信用購入あつせん業者、加入個別信用購入あつせん業者その他の指定信用情報機関を利用する者又は第三十五条の三の四十二各項の規定による委託を受けた者の営業所又は事務所に立ち入り、帳簿、書類その他の物件の検査(当該指定信用情報機関の業務又は財産に係るものに限る。)をさせることができる。
An official that conducts an on-site inspection pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraphs must carry identification and present it to the relevant parties.
前各項の規定により立入検査をする職員は、その身分を示す証明書を携帯し、関係人に提示しなければならない。
The authority to conduct an on-site inspection under the provisions of paragraphs (1) through (6) must not be construed as being accorded for the purpose of a criminal investigation.
第一項から第六項までの規定による立入検査の権限は、犯罪捜査のために認められたものと解釈してはならない。
Before seeking to conduct an on-site inspection under paragraph (2), the Prime Minister must consult with the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry.
内閣総理大臣は、第二項の規定による立入検査をしようとするときは、あらかじめ、経済産業大臣に協議しなければならない。
Article 41-2Providing Materials to the Prime Minister
第四十一条の二(内閣総理大臣への資料提供等)
If the Prime Minister finds it to be necessary in order to protect the interests of users, purchasers, service recipients, or recipients of designated services, the minister may request the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry to provide materials or explanations or to otherwise provide the necessary cooperation.
内閣総理大臣は、利用者又は購入者若しくは役務の提供を受ける者若しくは指定役務の提供を受ける者の利益の保護を図るため必要があると認めるときは、経済産業大臣に対し、資料の提供、説明その他必要な協力を求めることができる。
第四十二条(意見の聴取)
Before seeking to reach a disposition under Article 33-2, paragraph (1), Article 35-2-11, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 35-2-12, paragraph (2)), Article 35-3-26, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 35-3-27, paragraph (2)), or Article 35-17-5, paragraph (1), a public hearing of opinions must be held, with the person that could become subject to the disposition having been notified of this a reasonable amount of time in advance.
第三十三条の二第一項、第三十五条の二の十一第一項(第三十五条の二の十二第二項において準用する場合を含む。)、第三十五条の三の二十六第一項(第三十五条の三の二十七第二項において準用する場合を含む。)又は第三十五条の十七の五第一項の規定による処分をしようとするときは、当該処分に係る者に対し、相当な期間をおいて予告をした上、公開による意見の聴取を行わなければならない。
The date, place, and content of the situation under review must be indicated in the advance notice referred to in the preceding paragraph.
前項の予告においては、期日、場所及び事案の内容を示さなければならない。
At the time of a hearing of opinions as referred to in paragraph (1), the person that could become subject to the disposition and other interested parties must be accorded the opportunity to present evidence and state an opinion with respect to the situation under review.
第一項の意見の聴取に際しては、当該処分に係る者及び利害関係人に対し、当該事案について証拠を提示し、意見を述べる機会を与えなければならない。
Article 43Special Provisions on Hearings
第四十三条(聴聞の特例)
Notwithstanding the applicable category of proceeding for hearing statements of opinion under Article 13, paragraph (1) of the Administrative Procedure Act (Act No. 88 of 1993), if the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry seeks to issue an order under the provisions of Article 20, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 35-3-62); Article 23, paragraph (2) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 35-3-62); Article 34-2, paragraph (2); Article 35-2-14, paragraph (2); Article 35-3-32, paragraph (2); Article 35-3-54, paragraph (1); or Article 35-14, paragraph (2), the minister must conduct the proceedings as a hearing.
経済産業大臣は、第二十条第一項(第三十五条の三の六十二において準用する場合を含む。)、第二十三条第二項(第三十五条の三の六十二において準用する場合を含む。)、第三十四条の二第二項、第三十五条の二の十四第二項、第三十五条の三の三十二第二項、第三十五条の三の五十四第一項又は第三十五条の十四第二項の規定による命令をしようとするときは、行政手続法(平成五年法律第八十八号)第十三条第一項の規定による意見陳述のための手続の区分にかかわらず、聴聞を行わなければならない。
Proceedings on the date of the hearing on a disposition under Article 20, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 35-3-62); Article 23, paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 35-3-62); Article 34-2, paragraph (1) or paragraph (2); Article 35-2-14, paragraph (1) or paragraph (2); Article 35-3-32, paragraph (1) or paragraph (2); Article 35-3-54, paragraph (1); Article 35-14; Article 35-17-11, paragraph (1) or paragraph (2), or Article 35-24, paragraph (2) must be open to the public.
第二十条第一項(第三十五条の三の六十二において準用する場合を含む。)、第二十三条第一項若しくは第二項(第三十五条の三の六十二において準用する場合を含む。)、第三十四条の二第一項若しくは第二項、第三十五条の二の十四第一項若しくは第二項、第三十五条の三の三十二第一項若しくは第二項、第三十五条の三の五十四第一項、第三十五条の十四、第三十五条の十七の十一第一項若しくは第二項又は第三十五条の二十四第二項の規定による処分に係る聴聞の期日における審理は、公開により行わなければならない。
Article 44Hearing of Opinions in Proceedings for Requests for Review
第四十四条(審査請求の手続における意見の聴取)
An administrative determination on a request for review of a disposition under the provisions of this Act or an order based on this Act, or of inaction in relation to such a disposition, must be reached, except where the request for review is dismissed pursuant to the provisions of Article 24 of the Administrative Complaint Review Act (Act No. 68 of 2014), after a public hearing of opinions has been held by the review officer prescribed in Article 11, paragraph (2) of that Act, with the requestor for review having been notified of this a reasonable amount of time in advance.
この法律又はこの法律に基づく命令の規定による処分又はその不作為についての審査請求に対する裁決は、行政不服審査法(平成二十六年法律第六十八号)第二十四条の規定により当該審査請求を却下する場合を除き、審査請求人に対し、相当な期間をおいて予告をした上、同法第十一条第二項に規定する審理員が公開による意見の聴取を行つた後にしなければならない。
The provisions of Article 42, paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the hearing of opinions referred to in the preceding paragraph. In this case, the phrase "the person that could become subject to the disposition" in Article 42, paragraph (3) is deemed to be replaced with "the requestor for review".
With regard to the request for review prescribed in paragraph (1), the provisions of Article 31 of the Administrative Complaint Review Act do not apply, and the provisions of Article 31, paragraphs (2) through (5) of that Act apply mutatis mutandis to the hearing of opinions referred to in paragraph (1).
第一項に規定する審査請求については、行政不服審査法第三十一条の規定は適用せず、同項の意見の聴取については、同条第二項から第五項までの規定を準用する。
Article 45Transitional Measures
第四十五条(経過措置)
When an order is enacted, amended or repealed based on the provisions of this Act, transitional measures (including transitional measures for penal provisions) may be provided for therein, within the scope determined to be reasonably necessary in conjunction with its enactment, amendment or repeal.
この法律の規定に基づき命令を制定し、又は改廃する場合においては、その命令で、その制定又は改廃に伴い合理的に必要と判断される範囲内において、所要の経過措置(罰則に関する経過措置を含む。)を定めることができる。
Article 46The Competent Minister
第四十六条(主務大臣)
In this Act, the competent ministers are as follows:
この法律において主務大臣は、次のとおりとする。
in matters that concern goods, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry and the minister with jurisdiction over the physical distribution of those goods;
商品に係る事項については、経済産業大臣及び当該商品の流通を所掌する大臣
in matters that concern designated rights, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry and the minister with jurisdiction over the facility to which those rights relate or the business of providing the services to which those rights relate;
指定権利に係る事項については、経済産業大臣及び当該権利に係る施設又は役務の提供を行う事業を所管する大臣
in matters that concern services, the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry and the minister with jurisdiction over the business of providing those services;
役務に係る事項については、経済産業大臣及び当該役務の提供を行う事業を所管する大臣
in matters that concern advisory consultations with the Consumer Economic Affairs Council under Article 36, paragraph (1), the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry and the minister with jurisdiction over the physical distribution of the relevant goods, the minister with jurisdiction over the facility to which the relevant rights relate or over the business of providing the services to which the rights relate, or the minister with jurisdiction over the business of providing the relevant services; and
第三十六条第一項の規定による消費経済審議会への諮問に関する事項については、経済産業大臣及び当該商品の流通を所掌する大臣、当該権利に係る施設若しくは役務の提供を行う事業を所管する大臣又は当該役務の提供を行う事業を所管する大臣
in matters that concern advisory consultations with the Consumer Economic Affairs Council and the Consumer Commission under Article 36, paragraph (2), the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Prime Minister, and the minister with jurisdiction over the physical distribution of the relevant goods, the minister with jurisdiction over the facility to which the relevant rights relate or over the business of providing the services to which the rights relate, or the minister with jurisdiction over the business of providing the relevant services.
第三十六条第二項の規定による消費経済審議会及び消費者委員会への諮問に関する事項については、経済産業大臣、内閣総理大臣及び当該商品の流通を所掌する大臣、当該権利に係る施設若しくは役務の提供を行う事業を所管する大臣又は当該役務の提供を行う事業を所管する大臣
Article 47Administrative Functions Handled by Prefectural Governments
第四十七条(都道府県が処理する事務)
Part of the administrative functions prescribed in this Act which are under the authority of the competent minister or the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry may be undertaken by a prefectural governor, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order.
この法律に規定する主務大臣又は経済産業大臣の権限に属する事務の一部は、政令で定めるところにより、都道府県知事が行うこととすることができる。
Article 48Delegation of Authority
第四十八条(権限の委任)
The competent minister or the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry may have the head of a local branch office undertake a matter that comes under the purview of the authority accorded to the minister pursuant to this Act, pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Order.
この法律により主務大臣又は経済産業大臣の権限に属する事項は、政令で定めるところにより、地方支分部局の長に行わせることができる。
The Prime Minister delegates authority accorded to it pursuant to this Act (excluding the authority specified by Cabinet Order) to the Director-General of the Consumer Affairs Agency.
内閣総理大臣は、この法律による権限(政令で定めるものを除く。)を消費者庁長官に委任する。
intermediation of comprehensive credit purchases
「包括信用購入あつせん」
Giving a user a card or similar means (カード等) — a card, number or code — with which the user can buy goods or rights from particular sellers, or receive services from particular service providers, then paying the seller or provider and collecting the amount from the user later: either by a set date more than two months after the purchase contract, or in amounts worked out at set intervals from the total bought.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (3)· applies throughout the law
designated right
「指定権利」
A right to use facilities or to receive services, sold in transactions of people's everyday lives, that a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (5)
designated services
「指定役務」
In Article 2, paragraph (6), Articles 35-3-61 and 35-3-62, and Articles 41 and 41-2, the services a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies for specified prepaid transactions (前払式特定取引).
Short name set inArticle 2, paragraph (6)· applies only in this paragraph and in Articles 35-3-61, 35-3-62, 41 and 41-2
licensed installment seller
「許可割賦販売業者」
A person licensed by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry under Article 11 to carry on prepaid installment sales (前払式割賦販売) as a business.
Short name set inArticle 15, paragraph (1), item (viii), (c)
comprehensive credit purchase intermediary
「包括信用購入あつせん業者」
A person whose business is the intermediation of comprehensive credit purchases (包括信用購入あつせん) — a credit card company, for example.
Short name set inArticle 30, paragraph (1)
designated credit bureau
「指定信用情報機関」
A body the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry has designated under Article 35-3-36, paragraph (1) to collect specified credit information (特定信用情報) and provide it to comprehensive and individual credit purchase intermediaries.
Short name set inArticle 30-2, paragraph (3)
individual credit purchase intermediarymachine translation
「個別信用購入あつせん業者」
A person whose business is the intermediation of individual credit purchases (個別信用購入あつせん).
Short name set inArticle 35-3-2, paragraph (1)
specified credit information servicesmachine translation
「特定信用情報提供等業務」
The business of collecting specified credit information (特定信用情報) and providing it to comprehensive and individual credit purchase intermediaries — what a designated credit bureau (指定信用情報機関) is designated to do.
Defined inArticle 35-3-36, paragraph (1)
participating individual credit purchase intermediarymachine translation
「加入個別信用購入あつせん業者」
An individual credit purchase intermediary (個別信用購入あつせん業者) that has made a specified credit information service contract (特定信用情報提供契約) with a designated credit bureau (指定信用情報機関).
Short name set inArticle 35-3-43, paragraph (1), item (vii)
participating comprehensive credit purchase intermediarymachine translation
「加入包括信用購入あつせん業者」
A comprehensive credit purchase intermediary (包括信用購入あつせん業者) that has made a specified credit information service contract (特定信用情報提供契約) with a designated credit bureau (指定信用情報機関).
Short name set inArticle 35-3-43, paragraph (1), item (vii)
designated entrusted institution
「指定受託機関」
A body designated under Article 18-3, paragraph (4) to act as the entrusted party under contracts on the entrustment of business deposits (供託委託契約) that protect the advance payments licensed installment sellers have received.
Short name set inArticle 35-5, paragraph (1), item (vii), (d)
business that handles credit card numbersmachine translation
「クレジットカード番号等取扱業者」
Any of the businesses Article 35-16, paragraph (1) lists as handling credit card numbers and similar codes (クレジットカード番号等): card issuers and businesses offering two-month installment purchases, the sellers and service providers that accept their cards, businesses that pass the payments on to those sellers, services that link card numbers to other payment information and those entrusted with managing the linked numbers, and others an Order of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (経済産業省令) names as handling large numbers of them.
Defined inArticle 35-16, paragraph (1)
entrusted business that handles credit card numbersmachine translation
「クレジットカード番号等取扱受託業者」
A third party to which a business that handles credit card numbers (クレジットカード番号等取扱業者) entrusts all or part of its handling of those numbers, or anyone to which that third party in turn entrusts it, at however many removes.
Defined inArticle 35-16, paragraph (3)
business that has a contract for handling credit card numbersmachine translation
「クレジットカード番号等取扱契約締結事業者」
A business registered under Article 35-17-2 — a credit card purchase intermediary (クレジットカード等購入あつせん業者), or a business acting for a particular one — whose business is making contracts that allow sellers and service providers to handle the credit card numbers and similar codes (クレジットカード番号等) given to users.
Defined inArticle 35-17-5, paragraph (1), item (v), (d)
proper management of credit card numbers
「クレジットカード番号等の適切な管理等」
Keeping credit card numbers and similar codes (クレジットカード番号等) properly managed, or preventing users from using them fraudulently — what a business must check a seller or service provider for under Article 35-17-8 before contracting to let it handle them.
Short name set inArticle 35-17-8, paragraph (1)
certified installment sales association
「認定割賦販売協会」
A general incorporated association (一般社団法人) set up by installment sellers and the other businesses Article 35-18, paragraph (1) names and certified by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, which makes rules for fair dealing and the proper management of credit card numbers, checks and guides its members' compliance, and handles complaints from users.
Short name set inArticle 35-18, paragraph (2)
closely related person
「密接関係者」
A seller or service provider affiliated with the intermediation of individual credit purchases, or another person a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies as closely connected with an individual credit purchase intermediary (個別信用購入あつせん業者), whom the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry may order to report or submit materials on that intermediary's compliance with Articles 35-3-5 and 35-3-7, or whose offices the Minister may have inspected.
Short name set inArticle 40, paragraph (10)· applies only in this provision and in Article 41, paragraph (5)
Consumer Commission
消費者委員会
A commission placed in the Cabinet Office (内閣府) (Act for Establishment of the Consumer Affairs Agency and the Consumer Commission, Article 6, paragraph (1)), of no more than ten members whom the Prime Minister appoints and who exercise their authority independently (Articles 7, 9, paragraph (1), and 10, paragraph (1)). It investigates and deliberates on important matters — among them the protection and promotion of consumers' interests, the proper regulation of premiums and representations, and prices — on its own initiative, making recommendations to the Prime Minister, the Ministers concerned or the Commissioner of the Consumer Affairs Agency, and when one of them consults it; and it deals with the matters that the Acts Article 6, paragraph (2), item (iv) lists give it (Article 6, paragraph (2), items (i), (ii) and (iv)). Under the Act against Unjustifiable Premiums and Misleading Representations, the Prime Minister must hear its opinion before designating what counts as a premium or a representation, or restricting or banning premiums (Articles 3 and 6); under the Act on Specified Commercial Transactions, the Minister in charge must consult it before drafting certain Cabinet Orders (政令) (Article 64).
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Consumer Affairs Agency and the Consumer Commission, Arts. 6, 7, 9, 10, Act against Unjustifiable Premiums and Misleading Representations, Arts. 3, 6 and Act on Specified Commercial Transactions, Art. 64 as a reference.
Prime Minister
内閣総理大臣
The head of the Cabinet. Designated by the Diet from among its own members, and appointed by the Emperor on that designation (Articles 67 and 6). The Prime Minister appoints and may dismiss the other Ministers of State at will, and a majority of them must be members of the Diet (Article 68). No Minister of State can be subjected to legal action while in office without the Prime Minister's consent (Article 75).
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 6, 67, 68, 75 and Wikipedia: Prime Minister of Japan as a reference.
request for review
審査請求
A request to an administrative agency (行政庁) to review a disposition (処分) the person objects to, or, where the person applied for a disposition under a law or regulation and a reasonable time has passed with none made, the agency's failure to act (不作為) (Administrative Complaint Review Act, Articles 2 and 3). Unless an Act, or for a disposition based on a local ordinance (条例) that ordinance, provides otherwise, it is made to the agency that made the disposition or failed to act where that agency has no superior agency or is itself the competent minister (主任の大臣) or the head of certain agencies; where such a minister or head is the agency above it, to that minister or head; and otherwise to its highest superior agency (Article 4). Another Act can set rules of its own for it, naming another body to make it to or another route (Article 1, paragraph (2); Article 4): the Employees' Pension Insurance Act, for instance, has a request about a disposition (処分) of the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare (厚生労働大臣) on a person's status as insured, standard remuneration or insurance benefits, other than a decision on a request to correct the pension insurance register, made to a social insurance examiner (社会保険審査官), and disapplies most of the Administrative Complaint Review Act's rules for it (Employees' Pension Insurance Act, Articles 90, paragraph (1), and 91-2). Under the Administrative Complaint Review Act, a request about a disposition must be made within three months of the day after the person learned of it — or one month after learning of the decision, where a request for re-investigation (再調査の請求) was made first — and within a year of the disposition or that decision, unless there is a justifiable reason (Administrative Complaint Review Act, Article 18, paragraphs (1) and (2)). Making one does not by itself stop the disposition taking effect or being carried out, or the proceedings going on (Article 25, paragraph (1)), but the agency reviewing it can suspend them in whole or in part on the application of the person who made the request — and, where it made the disposition or is the agency above the one that did, of its own motion — and, once the person who made the request has applied, must where that is urgently needed to avoid serious harm, unless that would seriously affect the public welfare or the request appears to have no grounds (Article 25, paragraphs (2) to (4)). The agency reviewing it (審査庁) decides it by a determination (裁決): it dismisses a request that is unlawful, for instance one made too late, rejects one that is groundless, and, where one is well founded, revokes the disposition in whole or in part or changes it — though never to the disadvantage of the person who made the request, and an agency that neither made the disposition nor is above the agency that did cannot change it (Articles 45, paragraphs (1) and (2), 46, paragraph (1), and 48). Where the request is about a de facto act (事実上の行為), the determination instead declares the act unlawful or unjust and orders it abolished in whole or in part or changed, or abolishes or changes it (Article 47). A well-founded request about a failure to act ends instead in a determination declaring the failure unlawful or unjust, and, where the agency finds a disposition should be made, an order to make it or the disposition itself (Article 49, paragraph (3)). Where revoking an unlawful or unjust disposition, or abolishing an unlawful or unjust de facto act, would seriously harm the public interest, the agency can reject the request while declaring in the determination that it is unlawful or unjust (Article 45, paragraph (3)). The determination takes effect when it is served on the person who made the request — or, where someone other than the disposition's addressee made it and the determination revokes or changes the disposition or deals with a de facto act, once it is served on the addressee too — and binds the agencies concerned (Articles 51, paragraph (1), and 52, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Administrative Complaint Review Act, Arts. 1 to 4, 18, 25, 45 to 49, 51, 52 and Employees' Pension Insurance Act, Arts. 90, 91-2 as a reference.