Article 76Prohibition on Seizure of Salary
第七十六条(給与の差押禁止)
With respect to claims relating to salary, wages, stipend, annual allowances, retirement pensions, and remuneration of a similar nature (hereinafter referred to as "salary, etc."), the portion up to the total amount of the amounts set out in the following items may not be seized. In this case, if the delinquent taxpayer receives payment of two or more items of salary, etc. for the same period, the limit relating to the amount set out in item (iv) or item (v) is to be calculated on the total amount of them.
an amount equivalent to the income tax collected on that salary, etc. pursuant to the provisions of Article 183 (Obligation to Withhold Tax on Salary Income), Article 190 (Year-End Adjustment), Article 192 (Collection of Shortfall Relating to Year-End Adjustment), or Article 212 (Obligation to Withhold Tax on Income of Non-Residents, etc.) of the Income Tax Act;
所得税法第百八十三条(給与所得に係る源泉徴収義務)、第百九十条(年末調整)、第百九十二条(年末調整に係る不足額の徴収)又は第二百十二条(非居住者等の所得に係る源泉徴収義務)の規定によりその給料等につき徴収される所得税に相当する金額
an amount equivalent to the prefectural inhabitant tax, the municipal inhabitant tax, and the forest environment tax collected on that salary, etc. by the method of special collection pursuant to the provisions of Article 321-3 (Special Collection of Individual Municipal Inhabitant Tax) of the Local Tax Act and other laws and regulations;
地方税法第三百二十一条の三(個人の市町村民税の特別徴収)その他の法令の規定によりその給料等につき特別徴収の方法によつて徴収される道府県民税及び市町村民税並びに森林環境税に相当する金額
an amount equivalent to the social insurance premiums (meaning the social insurance premiums prescribed in Article 74, paragraph (2) (Social Insurance Premium Deduction) of the Income Tax Act) deducted from that salary, etc. pursuant to the provisions of Article 167, paragraph (1) (Deduction of Premiums from Remuneration) of the Health Insurance Act (Act No. 70 of 1922) and other laws and regulations;
健康保険法(大正十一年法律第七十号)第百六十七条第一項(報酬からの保険料の控除)その他の法令の規定によりその給料等から控除される社会保険料(所得税法第七十四条第二項(社会保険料控除)に規定する社会保険料をいう。)に相当する金額
an amount specified by Cabinet Order, taking into consideration the amount, corresponding to the period on which the payment of the salary, etc. was based, that would serve as the standard for the assistance if livelihood assistance prescribed in Article 12 (Livelihood Assistance) of the Public Assistance Act (Act No. 144 of 1950) were to be provided to the delinquent taxpayer (including relatives sharing the same livelihood with that person) on the assumption that they have no income;
滞納者(その者と生計を一にする親族を含む。)に対し、これらの者が所得を有しないものとして、生活保護法(昭和二十五年法律第百四十四号)第十二条(生活扶助)に規定する生活扶助の給付を行うこととした場合におけるその扶助の基準となる金額で給料等の支給の基礎となつた期間に応ずるものを勘案して政令で定める金額
an amount equivalent to 20 percent of the amount remaining after deducting the total amount of the amounts set out in the preceding items from the amount of the salary, etc. (or, where that amount exceeds an amount equivalent to twice the amount set out in the preceding item, the amount equivalent to twice that amount).
Money received on the basis of salary, etc. may not be seized up to the amount calculated by multiplying the total amount of the amounts set out in items (iv) and (v) of the preceding paragraph by the proportion that the number of days from the date of seizure to the next payment date bears to the number of days in the period that formed the basis for the payment of that salary, etc.
With respect to claims relating to bonuses and remuneration of a similar nature, paragraph (1) applies by deeming them to be salary, etc. at the time they are to be received. In this case, for the calculation of the limit relating to the amount set out in item (iv) or (v) of that paragraph, the period that formed the basis for their payment is deemed to be one month.
With respect to claims relating to retirement allowances and remuneration of a similar nature (hereinafter referred to as "retirement allowance, etc."), the portion of the amount up to the total amount of the following amounts may not be seized:
退職手当及びその性質を有する給与に係る債権(以下「退職手当等」という。)については、次に掲げる金額の合計額に達するまでの部分の金額は、差し押えることができない。
an amount equivalent to the income tax to be collected on the retirement allowance, etc. pursuant to the provisions of Article 199 (Obligation to Withhold Tax on Retirement Income) or Article 212 of the Income Tax Act;
所得税法第百九十九条(退職所得に係る源泉徴収義務)又は第二百十二条の規定によりその退職手当等につき徴収される所得税に相当する金額
the amount calculated by applying the provisions of items (ii) and (iii) of paragraph (1), with the term "salary, etc." in those provisions read as "retirement allowance, etc.";
an amount equivalent to three times the amount set out in paragraph (1), item (iv), calculated by taking the period prescribed in that item as one month; and
where the period that formed the basis for the payment of the retirement allowance, etc. exceeds five years, an amount equivalent to 20 percent of the amount set out in the preceding item for each year by which it exceeds five years.
The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) and the preceding paragraph do not apply where the delinquent taxpayer consents.
Article 77Prohibition of Seizure of Benefits Under Social Insurance Systems
第七十七条(社会保険制度に基づく給付の差押禁止)
The provisions of the preceding Article apply by deeming claims relating to retirement pensions, old-age pensions, ordinary pensions, work absence allowances and benefits of a similar nature paid under social insurance systems (including pensions paid under the provisions of Article 38, paragraph (1) (Method of Payment of Old-Age Benefits) of the Defined-Benefit Corporate Pension Act (Act No. 50 of 2001), pensions paid under the provisions of Article 35, paragraph (1) (Method of Payment of Old-Age Benefits) of the Defined Contribution Pension Act (Act No. 88 of 2001) (including as applied mutatis mutandis in Article 73 (Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions on Corporate-Type Pension Plans) of that Act), and other retirement pensions specified by Cabinet Order) to be salary, etc., and claims relating to lump-sum retirement benefits, lump-sum pensions and benefits of a similar nature (including lump-sum payments paid under the provisions of Article 38, paragraph (2) of the Defined-Benefit Corporate Pension Act, lump-sum withdrawal benefits paid under the provisions of Article 42 (Method of Payment of Lump-Sum Withdrawal Benefits) of that Act, lump-sum payments paid under the provisions of Article 35, paragraph (2) of the Defined Contribution Pension Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis in Article 73 of that Act), and other lump-sum retirement benefits specified by Cabinet Order) to be retirement allowance, etc., respectively.
社会保険制度に基づき支給される退職年金、老齢年金、普通恩給、休業手当金及びこれらの性質を有する給付(確定給付企業年金法(平成十三年法律第五十号)第三十八条第一項(老齢給付金の支給方法)の規定に基づいて支給される年金、確定拠出年金法(平成十三年法律第八十八号)第三十五条第一項(老齢給付金の支給方法)(同法第七十三条(企業型年金に係る規定の準用)において準用する場合を含む。)の規定に基づいて支給される年金その他政令で定める退職年金を含む。)に係る債権は給料等と、退職一時金、一時恩給及びこれらの性質を有する給付(確定給付企業年金法第三十八条第二項の規定に基づいて支給される一時金及び同法第四十二条(脱退一時金の支給方法)の規定に基づいて支給される脱退一時金、確定拠出年金法第三十五条第二項(同法第七十三条において準用する場合を含む。)の規定に基づいて支給される一時金その他政令で定める退職一時金を含む。)に係る債権は退職手当等とそれぞれみなして、前条の規定を適用する。
The social insurance systems prescribed in the preceding paragraph are systems relating to insurance, mutual aid or pensions based on the following Acts, and other similar systems specified by Cabinet Order:
前項に規定する社会保険制度とは、次に掲げる法律に基づく保険、共済又は恩給に関する制度その他政令で定めるこれらに類する制度をいう。
Mariners Insurance Act (Act No. 73 of 1939);
船員保険法(昭和十四年法律第七十三号)
Public Officers Pension Act (Act No. 48 of 1923) (including as applied mutatis mutandis in other Acts);
恩給法(大正十二年法律第四十八号)(他の法律において準用する場合を含む。)
National Public Officers Mutual Aid Association Act (Act No. 128 of 1958);
国家公務員共済組合法(昭和三十三年法律第百二十八号)
Local Public Officers, etc. Mutual Aid Association Act (Act No. 152 of 1962);
地方公務員等共済組合法(昭和三十七年法律第百五十二号)
Private School Personnel Mutual Aid Association Act (Act No. 245 of 1953).
私立学校教職員共済法(昭和二十八年法律第二百四十五号)
Article 78Property Conditionally Exempt from Seizure
第七十八条(条件付差押禁止財産)
The following property (excluding the property set out in Article 75, paragraph (1), items (iii) through (v) (Property Indispensable for Agriculture, etc.)) is not to be seized, at the delinquent taxpayer's election, where the delinquent taxpayer offers property from which the full amount of the national tax can be collected, which is not difficult to realize, and which is not the object of the right of a third party:
次に掲げる財産(第七十五条第一項第三号から第五号まで(農業等に欠くことができない財産)に掲げる財産を除く。)は、滞納者がその国税の全額を徴収することができる財産で、換価が困難でなく、かつ、第三者の権利の目的となつていないものを提供したときは、その選択により、差押をしないものとする。
machinery, implements, livestock, feed, seeds and other agricultural products, fertilizers, farmland, and grassland for cutting and grazing necessary for agriculture;
農業に必要な機械、器具、家畜類、飼料、種子その他の農産物、肥料、農地及び採草放牧地
fishing nets and other fishing gear, bait, fry and other marine products, and fishing boats necessary for fishery; and
漁業に必要な漁網その他の漁具、えさ、稚魚その他の水産物及び漁船
machinery, implements and other equipment, and raw materials and other assets subject to inventory, necessary for the continuation of a profession or business (excluding a business prescribed in the preceding two items).
職業又は事業(前二号に規定する事業を除く。)の継続に必要な機械、器具その他の備品及び原材料その他たな卸をすべき資産
Subsection 7 Release of Seizure
第七款 差押の解除
Article 79Requirements for Release of Seizure
第七十九条(差押えの解除の要件)
A collection official must release a seizure when any of the following applies:
徴収職員は、次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、差押えを解除しなければならない。
Changes on (Act No. 12 of 2026)
the entire amount of the national tax for which the seizure was made is extinguished through payment, appropriation, cancellation of a correction or any other reason; or
納付、充当、更正の取消その他の理由により差押えに係る国税の全額が消滅したとき。
the value of the seized property is no longer expected to exceed the total amount of the expenses for the delinquent tax collection procedure relating to the seizure and the national taxes, local taxes and other claims that take priority over the national tax for which the seizure was made.
A collection official may release the seizure of all or part of the seized property when any of the following applies:
Changes on (Act No. 12 of 2026)
When, due to partial payment of the national tax for which the seizure was made, appropriation, partial cancellation of a correction, a rise in the value of the seized property, or any other reason, its value is found to significantly exceed the total amount of the national tax for which the seizure was made and the other national taxes, local taxes, and other claims that take priority over it;
When the delinquent taxpayer has offered other appropriate property that can be seized, and that property has been seized; or
滞納者が他に差し押さえることができる適当な財産を提供した場合において、その財産を差し押さえたとき。
When, in the case where there has been no application for purchase by bidding or auction (hereinafter referred to as a "bid, etc.") even after the seized property has been put up for public auction three times, it is found that there would be no purchaser even if it were put up for public auction again, and also that there is no prospect of sale by private contract, taking into consideration the shape and use of the seized property, restrictions on its use under laws and regulations, and other circumstances.
差押財産について、三回公売に付しても入札又は競り売りに係る買受けの申込み(以下「入札等」という。)がなかつた場合において、その差押財産の形状、用途、法令による利用の規制その他の事情を考慮して、更に公売に付しても買受人がないと認められ、かつ、随意契約による売却の見込みがないと認められるとき。
Article 80Procedures for Release of Seizure
第八十条(差押えの解除の手続)
Changes on (Act No. 12 of 2026)
The release of a seizure is effected by notifying the delinquent taxpayer to that effect; provided, however, that the release of the seizure of claims and of incorporeal property, etc. for which there is a third-party debtor, etc. is effected by notifying the third-party debtor, etc. to that effect.
Changes on (Act No. 12 of 2026)
When a collection official has released the seizure of property listed in the following items, the official must carry out the procedures listed in the relevant item; provided, however, that the removal prescribed in item (i) may be carried out by the delinquent taxpayer or by a third party in possession of the property.
Changes on (Act No. 12 of 2026)
Movables or securities: delivery thereof, and removal of seals, public notices, and other things used to make the seizure evident;
動産又は有価証券 その引渡及び封印、公示書その他差押を明白にするために用いた物の除去
Claims or incorporeal property, etc. for which there is a third-party debtor, etc.: notice to the delinquent taxpayer.
Changes on (Act No. 12 of 2026)
When the district director has released the seizure of real property or other property for which a registration of seizure has been made, the district director must commission the relevant authority to cancel that registration.
税務署長は、不動産その他差押の登記をした財産の差押を解除したときは、その登記のまつ消を関係機関に嘱託しなければならない。
Changes on (Act No. 12 of 2026)
The delivery of movables or securities under paragraph (2), item (i) must be made to the delinquent taxpayer, at the place listed in the relevant item according to the category of cases listed in the following items; provided, however, that property that was in the possession of a third party other than the delinquent taxpayer at the time of the seizure must be delivered to that third party, unless the third party makes an application that it be delivered to the delinquent taxpayer.
Changes on (Act No. 12 of 2026)
Among cases falling under any item of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article or under paragraph (2), item (i) of that Article, cases arising from cancellation of a correction or any other reason attributable to the national government: the place where the property existed at the time of the seizure;
Changes on (Act No. 12 of 2026)
Other cases: the place where the property exists at the time the seizure is released.
その他の場合 差押を解除した時に存在する場所
Changes on (Act No. 12 of 2026)
The provisions of paragraph (2), item (i) and the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis where the seizure of a claim, motor vehicle, construction machinery, or small vessel has been released and there is an instrument taken up pursuant to the provisions of Article 65 (Taking Up of Instruments Evidencing a Claim) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 73, paragraph (5) (Taking Up of Certificates of Rights)), or a motor vehicle, construction machinery, or small vessel of which a collection official took possession pursuant to the provisions of Article 71, paragraph (3) (Possession of Seized Motor Vehicles, etc.).
Article 81Notice of Release of Seizure to Pledgees, etc.
第八十一条(質権者等への差押解除の通知)
When the district director has released a seizure, if there are any known persons among those listed in the items of Article 55 (Notice of Seizure to Pledgees, etc.) or any persons who have made a request for share distribution, the district director must notify them to that effect and of other necessary matters.
税務署長は、差押を解除した場合において、第五十五条各号(質権者等に対する差押の通知)に掲げる者のうち知れている者及び交付要求をしている者があるときは、これらの者にその旨その他必要な事項を通知しなければならない。
Section 2 Request for Share Distribution
第二節 交付要求
Article 82Procedures for Request for Share Distribution
第八十二条(交付要求の手続)
Where a compulsory liquidation procedure has been carried out with respect to the property of a delinquent taxpayer, the district director must make a request for share distribution for the national tax in arrears, by means of a written request for share distribution, to the enforcement agency (where making a request for share distribution for national tax relating to a claim listed in Article 114, item (i) of the Bankruptcy Act (Act No. 75 of 2004) (Notification of Claims for Taxes, etc.), the court handling the bankruptcy case relating to that request for share distribution; the same applies in Article 84, paragraph (2) (Release of Request for Share Distribution)).
When the district director has made a request for share distribution, the district director must notify the delinquent taxpayer to that effect.
税務署長は、交付要求をしたときは、その旨を滞納者に通知しなければならない。
The provisions of Article 55 (Notice of Seizure to Pledgees, etc.) apply mutatis mutandis where a request for share distribution has been made.
第五十五条(質権者等に対する差押の通知)の規定は、交付要求をした場合について準用する。
national taxmachine translation
「国税」
A tax imposed by the national government, other than customs duty, tonnage tax, special tonnage tax, the forest environment tax and the special corporate business tax.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (i)· applies throughout the law
local taxmachine translation
「地方税」
Local government collections (地方団体の徴収金) as defined in Article 1, paragraph 1, item 14 of the Local Tax Act, including the like collections of the Tokyo Metropolis (都) and its special wards (特別区), money collected for the forest environment tax under the Act on the Forest Environment Tax and the Forest Environment Transfer Tax, and money collected for the special corporate business tax under the Act on the Special Corporate Business Tax and the Special Corporate Business Transfer Tax.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (ii)· applies throughout the law
delinquent taxpayermachine translation
「滞納者」
A taxpayer (納税者) who has not paid a national tax they owe by its due date for payment, the original due date being the one that counts: a later date to which a tax payment grace period (納税の猶予) or a grace period for collection or for the delinquent tax collection procedure (滞納処分) has extended it does not.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (ix)· applies throughout the law
collection officialmachine translation
「徴収職員」
The district director of a tax office (税務署長) or any other official engaged in the work of collecting national taxes.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (xi)· applies throughout the law
compulsory liquidation proceduremachine translation
「強制換価手続」
Any procedure that sells a debtor's property by force: delinquent tax collection (滞納処分) and procedures run in the same way, compulsory execution, auction to enforce a security interest, enforcement of an enterprise mortgage (企業担保権) or of an enterprise value charge (企業価値担保権), and bankruptcy.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (xii)· applies throughout the law
enforcement agencymachine translation
「執行機関」
An enforcement agency as defined in Article 2 of the National Tax Collection Act: the administrative agency or other body carrying out a delinquent tax collection procedure (滞納処分), a court (or, in some small-claims enforcement, a court clerk), a court execution officer (執行官) or a bankruptcy trustee.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (xiii)· applies throughout the law
third-party debtor, etc.machine translation
「第三債務者等」
A third-party debtor (第三債務者) or a person in a like position, for property to which Article 62 or 73 applies, other than property whose rights need registration to be transferred.
Short name set inArticle 24, paragraph (5), item (ii)
seized propertymachine translation
「差押財産」
Property seized under this Act.
Short name set inArticle 52, paragraph (1)
small vesselmachine translation
「小型船舶」
A small vessel registered under the Act on Registration, etc. of Small-Sized Vessels.
Short name set inArticle 71, paragraph (1)
construction machinerymachine translation
「建設機械」
Construction machinery registered under the Construction Machinery Hypothecation Act.
Short name set inArticle 71, paragraph (1)
motor vehiclemachine translation
「自動車」
A motor vehicle registered under the Road Transport Vehicle Act.
Short name set inArticle 71, paragraph (1)
incorporeal property, etc.machine translation
「無体財産権等」
As defined in Article 72, paragraph 1 of the National Tax Collection Act, property to which the three preceding subsections (款) of that Act on seizure do not apply, such as patent rights and copyrights.
Short name set inArticle 72, paragraph (1)
relative sharing the same livelihoodmachine translation
「生計を一にする親族」
The delinquent taxpayer's spouse, including a partner in an unregistered marriage, and other relatives, who share the delinquent taxpayer's livelihood (生計を一にする).
Short name set inArticle 75, paragraph (1), item (i)
salary, etc.machine translation
「給料等」
Claims to salaries, wages, official pay (俸給), annual allowances of Diet members (歳費), retirement pensions and other payments of a like nature.
Short name set inArticle 76, paragraph (1)
retirement allowance, etc.machine translation
「退職手当等」
Claims to retirement allowances (退職手当) and other payments of a like nature.
Short name set inArticle 76, paragraph (4)
bid, etc.machine translation
「入札等」
An offer to buy property at a public auction (公売), made by tender (入札) or by open bidding (競り売り).
Short name set inArticle 79, paragraph (2), item (iii)
district director
税務署長
The head of a tax office (税務署), the local office of the National Tax Agency that deals with taxpayers in its district (Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Finance, Article 24). It is the office a person usually deals with: an income tax return is filed with a district director (Income Tax Act, Article 120, paragraph (1)), and reassessments, determinations and the collection of national tax are done by the district director for the taxpayer's current place for tax payment (Act on General Rules for National Taxes, Articles 30 and 43). A person who objects to what a district director has decided can ask that director to look at it again (再調査の請求) or go straight to the National Tax Tribunal (Article 75, paragraph (1), item (i)) — unless the notice of the decision says officials of a Regional Taxation Bureau or of the National Tax Agency investigated, in which case it counts as the regional commissioner's decision, with the same choice, or as the Commissioner of the National Tax Agency's, which can only be challenged by a request for review to the Commissioner (Article 75, paragraph (2)).
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Finance, Art. 24, Act on General Rules for National Taxes, Arts. 30, 43, 75 and Income Tax Act, Art. 120 as a reference.
registration
登記
Entry in a public register kept by a registry office (登記所) — a Legal Affairs Bureau or one of its branch offices — so that the matter is made public (Real Property Registration Act, Articles 1 and 6, paragraph (1)). Rights in land and buildings, such as ownership, a superficies (地上権), a statutory lien (先取特権), a mortgage and a right of lease (賃借権), can be registered under that Act (Article 3), and matters the Commercial Code, the Companies Act and other Acts require to be registered are registered under the Commercial Registration Act (Article 1). Registration also lets a right be asserted against third parties: acquiring, losing or changing a right in rem (物権) in land or a building, such as ownership, cannot be asserted against third parties until it is registered (Civil Code, Article 177), and a matter the Companies Act requires to be registered cannot be asserted against a third party who does not know of it until it has been registered, nor, even after that, against one who had a justifiable reason for not knowing of the registration (Companies Act, Article 908, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Real Property Registration Act, Arts. 1, 3, 6, Commercial Registration Act, Art. 1, Civil Code, Art. 177 and Companies Act, Art. 908 as a reference.