①The defendant may not leave the court without the permission of the presiding judge.

②The presiding judge may take appropriate dispositions to ensure the appearance of the defendant at the court and to maintain the order of the court.

①When a case is punishable by the death penalty, life imprisonment, or imprisonment whose maximum term exceeds three years, the trial may not be convened without the attendance of defense counsel.

②If the court may not be convened without defense counsel, and the defense counsel has not appeared at court or is no longer present in court, or defense counsel has not been appointed, the presiding judge must appoint defense counsel ex officio.

③If the court may not be convened without defense counsel, and there is the risk that the defense counsel will not appear at court, the court may appoint defense counsel ex officio.

If the defense counsel does not appear at the trial in the cases prescribed in the items of Article 37, the court may, ex officio, appoint defense counsel for the defendant.

①In handling the following cases, if a request is made by the victim or others of that case, the legal representative of the victim, or an attorney who has been entrusted by those persons, and the court finds it appropriate after hearing the opinions of the defendant or the defense counsel, the court may render a ruling to the effect that particulars identifying the victim (meaning the name and address of or other particulars which will identify the victim of that case; the same applies hereinafter) should not be disclosed in an open court:

②The request set forth in the preceding paragraph must be made to the public prosecutor in advance. In this case, the public prosecutor is to notify this to the court together with the prosecutor's opinion.

③In addition to the cases prescribed in paragraph (1), in handling a case where the court finds, from the mode of the crime, the state of the damage, and other circumstances, a risk of physical or property harm, threat to or confusion of the victim or victim's relatives through disclosing in an open court particulars identifying the victim, when it finds it appropriate after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the defendant or the defense counsel, it may render a ruling to such effect that particulars identifying the victim not be disclosed in an open court.

④Where the court comes to find that it is inappropriate for particulars identifying the victim not to be disclosed in an open court with regard to a case where the ruling set forth in paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph was rendered, that the case no longer comes under the cases given in paragraph (1), item (i) or item (ii) owing to the applicable penal statute being withdrawn or altered pursuant to the provisions of Article 312 or that the case no longer comes under the cases given in item (iii) of the same paragraph or the cases provided for in the preceding paragraph, it must rule to rescind the ruling set forth in paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph.

①In the following cases, when a witness, an expert witness, an interpreter, a translator or a person who has made a statement in recorded statement documents (meaning written statements, statements recorded and taken down in writing with the signature or seal of the person making the statements, or recording media capable of recording images or sound on which statements have been recorded; the same applies hereinafter) (hereinafter referred to as the "witness or the like" in this paragraph) makes a request and a court finds it appropriate after hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor and the defendant or the defense counsel, the court may render a ruling to the effect that particulars identifying the witness or the like (meaning the name and address of or other particulars which will identify the witness or the like; the same applies hereinafter) should not be disclosed in an open court:

②When a court comes to find that it is inappropriate for particulars identifying the witness or the like not to be disclosed in an open court with regard to a case where a ruling has been rendered under the preceding paragraph, the court must render a ruling to revoke the ruling rendered under the same paragraph.

①A public prosecutor must first read a charging sheet aloud.

②When a ruling is rendered under Article 290-2, paragraph (1) or paragraph (3), a public prosecutor shall read a charging sheet aloud under the preceding paragraph by a method whereby particulars identifying the victim are not disclosed. In this case, the public prosecutor must show the charging sheet to the defendant.

③The preceding paragraph also applies to the reading of a charging sheet under paragraph (1), when a ruling is rendered under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article. In this case, the term "particulars identifying the victim" in the same paragraph is replaced with "particulars identifying the witness or the like."

④Where measures have been taken under Article 271-2, paragraph (4), the provisions of the second sentence of paragraph (2) (including the case where it is to be treated in the same way as the second sentence of paragraph (2) pursuant to the first sentence of the preceding paragraph; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) apply only where a ruling under Article 271-5, paragraph (1) has been made as to all or part of the particulars identifying an individual pertaining to those measures. In this case, the phrase "the charging sheet" in the second sentence of paragraph (2) is deemed to be replaced with "in the case where a ruling under Article 271-5, paragraph (1) has been made as to all of the particulars identifying an individual pertaining to the measures under Article 271-2, paragraph (4), the charging sheet, and in the case where that ruling has been made as to part of the particulars identifying an individual pertaining to the measures under Article 271-2, paragraph (4), the extract of the charging sheet, etc. and the document prescribed in Article 271-5, paragraph (4)".

⑤After a charging sheet has been read aloud under paragraph (1), the presiding judge must notify the defendant that the defendant may remain silent at all times or refuse to answer individual questions, and of other necessary matters provided in the Rules of Court to protect the rights of the defendant, and then give the defendant and the defense counsel an opportunity to make a statement concerning the case under public prosecution.

When the defendant enters a guilty plea for a count stated in the charging sheet during the proceedings under paragraph (5) of the preceding Article, a court may, upon hearing the opinions of the public prosecutor, the defendant and the defense counsel, render a ruling to try the case by a summary criminal trial only with regard to the counts for which the defendant enters a guilty plea; provided, however, that this does not apply to cases punishable by the death penalty, life imprisonment, or imprisonment whose minimum term is one year or more.

The court must, when the ruling of the preceding Article has been made for a case but the court deems it impossible or inappropriate for the case to be tried by a summary criminal trial, rescind that ruling.

Evidence is examined after the proceeding prescribed in Article 291; provided however, that this does not apply to the proceeding to be conducted for the arrangement of issues and evidence in the pretrial arrangement proceeding provided for in Subsection 1 of the following Section.

①The court is to, when a request is made by the victim or others, or the legal representative of such victim to state an opinion on the sentiments or other opinions relating to the case, have them state their opinions on the trial date.

②A request for the statement of opinions prescribed in the preceding paragraph must be made to the public prosecutor in advance. In this case, the public prosecutor is to notify this to the court together with the prosecutor's opinion.

③The presiding judge or the associate judges may, after the victim or others, or the legal representative of such victim have stated their opinions, question them in order to clarify the purport of the statements.

④The persons concerned in the case may, after the victim or others, or the legal representative of such victim have stated their opinions, question them in order to clarify the purport of their statements, with notification to the presiding judge.

⑤The presiding judge may place restrictions on statements of opinion by the victim or others, or the legal representative of such victim or questions to be asked by persons concerned in the case to the victim or others, or legal representatives of such victim which overlap with previous statements or questions, or which are irrelevant to the case, or are otherwise inappropriate.

⑥The provisions of Article 157-4, Article 157-5, and Article 157-6, paragraph (1), paragraph (2) (excluding the part pertaining to item (viii)), and paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis to the statement of opinions pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1).

⑦The court may, when it deems it inappropriate, considering the state of the proceedings and other circumstances, have the victim or others, or the legal representative of such victim submit written opinions in lieu of oral statements, or prohibit the stating of opinions.

⑧When a document has been submitted under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the presiding judge must make this clear on the trial date. In this case, the presiding judge may, when said judge finds it appropriate, read out the document or give an outline thereof.

⑨The statement pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or the document pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (7) may not be used as evidence for fact finding of the crime.

①After the examination of evidence, the public prosecutor must state opinions on the finding of facts and the application of law.

②The defendant and the defense counsel may state their opinions.

The presiding judge has control over the trial proceedings on the trial date.