第九十三条
The court must, when granting bail, set the amount of the bail bond.
保釈を許す場合には、保証金額を定めなければならない。
The amount of the bail bond must be set at a sufficient level to ensure the appearance of the defendant, in consideration of the nature and circumstances of the crime, the probative value of the evidence, and the character and the property of the defendant.
保証金額は、犯罪の性質及び情状、証拠の証明力並びに被告人の性格及び資産を考慮して、被告人の出頭を保証するに足りる相当な金額でなければならない。
When the court grants bail, it may restrict the residence of the defendant and add other appropriate conditions to the bail.
保釈を許す場合には、被告人の住居を制限し、その他適当と認める条件を付することができる。
When the court restricts the residence of the defendant pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, it may, if it finds it necessary, attach a condition that the defendant must not leave the residence beyond the period designated by the court without the permission of the court.
裁判所は、前項の規定により被告人の住居を制限する場合において、必要と認めるときは、裁判所の許可を受けないでその指定する期間を超えて当該住居を離れてはならない旨の条件を付することができる。
The period referred to in the preceding paragraph is to be designated in consideration of the living circumstances of the defendant and other circumstances.
前項の期間は、被告人の生活の状況その他の事情を考慮して指定する。
When the permission under paragraph (4) is given, the period for which the residence referred to in that paragraph may be left must be designated in consideration of the reasons for which leaving the residence is necessary and other circumstances.
The court may, if it finds it necessary, extend the period referred to in the preceding paragraph.
裁判所は、必要と認めるときは、前項の期間を延長することができる。
The court may, with regard to a defendant who has received the permission under paragraph (4), when it finds that there is no longer a need to leave the residence referred to in that paragraph until the end of the period designated as the period for which the residence may be left, shorten that period.
第九十四条
A ruling to grant bail may not be executed before payment of the bail bond.
保釈を許す決定は、保証金の納付があつた後でなければ、これを執行することができない。
The court may let a person other than the person requesting bail pay the bail bond.
裁判所は、保釈請求者でない者に保証金を納めることを許すことができる。
Changes by (Act No. 39 of 2025)
The court may permit the bail bond to be paid in securities or with a written guarantee issued by an appropriate person other than the defendant, in place of cash.
裁判所は、有価証券又は裁判所の適当と認める被告人以外の者の差し出した保証書を以て保証金に代えることを許すことができる。
第九十五条
The court may, when it deems it to be appropriate, entrust the defendant under detention to a relative, shelter organization or other person, or restrict the residence of the defendant, and make a ruling to suspend the execution of detention. In this case, the court may attach conditions that it deems appropriate.
裁判所は、適当と認めるときは、決定で、勾留されている被告人を親族、保護団体その他の者に委託し、又は被告人の住居を制限して、勾留の執行を停止することができる。この場合においては、適当と認める条件を付することができる。
When making the ruling referred to in the first sentence of the preceding paragraph, the court may designate a period for the suspension of execution of detention.
前項前段の決定をする場合には、勾留の執行停止をする期間を指定することができる。
When designating the period referred to in the preceding paragraph, the end of the period must be designated by date and time, and the place at which to appear at that date and time must be designated.
前項の期間を指定するに当たつては、その終期を日時をもつて指定するとともに、当該日時に出頭すべき場所を指定しなければならない。
The court may, if it finds it necessary, extend the period referred to in paragraph (2). In this case, the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply mutatis mutandis.
The court may, with regard to a defendant for whom suspension of execution of detention has been granted with a designated period, when it finds that there is no longer a need to continue the suspension of execution of detention until the date and time designated as the end of that period, shorten that period. In this case, the provisions of paragraph (3) apply mutatis mutandis.
裁判所は、期間を指定されて勾留の執行停止をされた被告人について、当該期間の終期として指定された日時まで勾留の執行停止を継続する必要がなくなつたと認めるときは、当該期間を短縮することができる。この場合においては、第三項の規定を準用する。
The provisions of Article 93, paragraphs (4) through (8) apply mutatis mutandis to the case where the residence of the defendant is restricted pursuant to the provisions of the first sentence of paragraph (1).
第九十三条第四項から第八項までの規定は、第一項前段の規定により被告人の住居を制限する場合について準用する。
第九十五条の二
A defendant for whom suspension of execution of detention has been granted with a designated period and who, without justifiable grounds, fails to appear at the place designated as the place at which to appear, at the date and time designated as the end of that period, is punished by imprisonment for not more than two years.
期間を指定されて勾留の執行停止をされた被告人が、正当な理由がなく、当該期間の終期として指定された日時に、出頭すべき場所として指定された場所に出頭しないときは、二年以下の拘禁刑に処する。
第九十五条の三
A defendant for whom bail or suspension of execution of detention has been granted on the condition that the defendant must not leave the restricted residence beyond the designated period without the permission of the court, and who has left the residence pertaining to that condition and, without receiving that permission and without justifiable grounds, fails to return to the residence beyond that period, is punished by imprisonment for not more than two years.
裁判所の許可を受けないで指定された期間を超えて制限された住居を離れてはならない旨の条件を付されて保釈又は勾留の執行停止をされた被告人が、当該条件に係る住居を離れ、当該許可を受けないで、正当な理由がなく、当該期間を超えて当該住居に帰着しないときは、二年以下の拘禁刑に処する。
The same applies where the defendant referred to in the preceding paragraph, having received the permission of the court, leaves the residence referred to in that paragraph and, without justifiable grounds, fails to return to the residence beyond the period designated as the period during which the defendant may leave the residence, as in that paragraph.
第九十五条の四
If the court finds it necessary in order to prevent flight by the defendant or to secure the defendant's appearance on a trial date, it may order a defendant who has received a ruling granting bail or a ruling under the first sentence of Article 95, paragraph (1) to make reports, in accordance with the following items, on such matters of life or status, a change in which affects the determination of whether there are reasonable grounds to suspect that the defendant will flee, as the court specifies, including the defendant's residence, status of employment or school attendance, and family status:
裁判所は、被告人の逃亡を防止し、又は公判期日への出頭を確保するため必要があると認めるときは、保釈を許す決定又は第九十五条第一項前段の決定を受けた被告人に対し、その住居、労働又は通学の状況、身分関係その他のその変更が被告人が逃亡すると疑うに足りる相当な理由の有無の判断に影響を及ぼす生活上又は身分上の事項として裁判所の定めるものについて、次に掲げるところに従つて報告をすることを命ずることができる。
to make a report, at a time designated by the court, on the matter as of that time;
裁判所の指定する時期に、当該時期における当該事項について報告をすること。
when a change has arisen in the matter, to promptly make a report on the content of the change.
当該事項に変更が生じたときは、速やかに、その変更の内容について報告をすること。
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the court may, if it finds it necessary, order the defendant referred to in that paragraph to make the report under the provisions of that paragraph by appearing at the date, time and place designated by the court.
The court must promptly notify a public prosecutor, respectively, of the fact and the content of a report when a report has been made under the provisions of paragraph (1), and of the fact and the circumstances when no report has been made under the provisions of that paragraph (limited to the portion pertaining to item (i)) or when it has learned that no report was made under the provisions of that paragraph (limited to the portion pertaining to item (ii)).
第九十六条
The court may, upon the request of a public prosecutor or ex officio, make a ruling to rescind the bail or suspension of the execution of detention when any of the following items applies:
裁判所は、次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合には、検察官の請求により、又は職権で、決定で、保釈又は勾留の執行停止を取り消すことができる。
the defendant has been summoned but does not appear without a justifiable reason;
被告人が、召喚を受け正当な理由がなく出頭しないとき。
the defendant has fled or there is probable cause to suspect that the defendant may flee;
被告人が逃亡し又は逃亡すると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるとき。
the defendant has concealed or destroyed evidence or there is probable cause to suspect that the defendant may conceal or destroy evidence;
被告人が罪証を隠滅し又は罪証を隠滅すると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるとき。
the defendant has harmed or tried to harm the body or property of the victim, any other person who is deemed to have knowledge essential to the trial of the case or the relatives of such persons or has threatened them;
被告人が、被害者その他事件の審判に必要な知識を有すると認められる者若しくはその親族の身体若しくは財産に害を加え若しくは加えようとし、又はこれらの者を畏怖させる行為をしたとき。
the defendant fails, without justifiable grounds, to make the report under Article 95-4, paragraph (1), or makes a false report;
被告人が、正当な理由がなく前条第一項の規定による報告をせず、又は虚偽の報告をしたとき。
the defendant has violated the conditions set by the court such as restrictions on the place of residence.
被告人が住居の制限その他裁判所の定めた条件に違反したとき。
If bail is rescinded pursuant to the preceding paragraph, the court may make a ruling to sequester the whole or part of the bail bond.
前項の規定により保釈を取り消す場合には、裁判所は、決定で、保証金の全部又は一部を没取することができる。
The same applies as in the preceding paragraph if a person whose bail has been rescinded, after receiving an order under Article 98-2, fails to appear without justifiable grounds, or flees.
If, after the pronouncement of a judgment imposing a sentence of imprisonment or a heavier sentence (limited to a judgment that does not render a suspended sentence for the whole of the imprisonment; the same applies hereinafter), a defendant who is on bail or whose execution of detention has been suspended flees, the court must, upon the request of a public prosecutor or on its own authority, rescind bail or the suspension of execution of detention by ruling.
拘禁刑以上の刑に処する判決（拘禁刑の全部の執行猶予の言渡しをしないものに限る。以下同じ。）の宣告を受けた後、保釈又は勾留の執行停止をされている被告人が逃亡したときは、裁判所は、検察官の請求により、又は職権で、決定で、保釈又は勾留の執行停止を取り消さなければならない。
If bail is rescinded pursuant to the preceding paragraph, the court must make a ruling to sequester the whole or part of the bail bond.
前項の規定により保釈を取り消す場合には、裁判所は、決定で、保証金の全部又は一部を没取しなければならない。
If a person whose bail has been rescinded, after receiving an order under Article 98-2, fails to appear without justifiable grounds or flees, and that person is one who has received the pronouncement of a judgment imposing a sentence of imprisonment or a heavier sentence, the court must make a ruling to sequester the whole or part of the bail bond; provided, however, that this does not apply when a person whose bail has been rescinded pursuant to paragraph (4) flees.
If a person granted bail, after receiving the pronouncement of a judgment imposing a sentence of imprisonment or a heavier sentence or a judgment imposing penal detention, fails to appear without justifiable grounds after receiving an order under Article 343-2 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 404 (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 414; the same applies in Article 98-17, paragraph (1), items (ii) and (iv))) or flees (excluding a case where the person is on bail and a case where the person flees after bail has been rescinded), the court must, upon the request of a public prosecutor or on its own authority, and if the person is summoned for the execution of a sentence and fails to appear without justifiable grounds, upon the request of a public prosecutor, make a ruling to sequester the whole or part of the bail bond.
第九十七条
With respect to cases where the time limit for filing an appeal has not yet expired and an appeal has not yet been filed, rulings to renew the period of detention, rescind the detention, bail the defendant, suspend the execution of detention, or rescind the bail or the suspension of execution of detention must be made by the original court.
上訴の提起期間内の事件でまだ上訴の提起がないものについて、勾留の期間を更新し、勾留を取り消し、又は保釈若しくは勾留の執行停止をし、若しくはこれを取り消すべき場合には、原裁判所が、その決定をしなければならない。
With respect to cases where an appeal has been filed but the case records have not arrived at the appellate court, the court that is to make a ruling in the preceding paragraph is as provided by the Rules of Court.
上訴中の事件で訴訟記録が上訴裁判所に到達していないものについて前項の決定をすべき裁判所は、裁判所の規則の定めるところによる。
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to the disclosure of the grounds for detention.
前二項の規定は、勾留の理由の開示をすべき場合にこれを準用する。
imprisonment
拘禁刑
The punishment of being held in a penal institution (刑事施設), for life or for a fixed term of one month to twenty years (Penal Code, Article 12, paragraphs (1) and (2)); a fixed term can be raised to thirty years where the punishment is aggravated, or cut below one month where it is reduced (Article 14, paragraph (2)). To help the person reform and rehabilitate, they may be made to do work or given guidance (Article 12, paragraph (3)). It ranks below the death penalty and above a fine (罰金) among the principal punishments (Articles 9 and 10, paragraph (1)). It replaced imprisonment with work (懲役) and imprisonment without work (禁錮) when the Act Partially Amending the Penal Code, etc. (Act No. 67 of 2022) came into force (Act No. 67 of 2022, Article 2), and a person sentenced to either is treated, for the rules on a person's qualifications, as sentenced to imprisonment for the same term (Act No. 68 of 2022, Article 443, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 12, 14, Act No. 67 of 2022, Art. 2 and Act No. 68 of 2022, Art. 443 as a reference.
penal detention
拘留
A short criminal punishment of being held in a penal institution (刑事施設) for one day to less than thirty days (Penal Code, Article 16, paragraph (1)). As with imprisonment (拘禁刑), the person may be made to do work or given guidance to help them reform (paragraph (2)). It ranks below a fine (罰金) and above a petty fine (科料) (Articles 9 and 10, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 16 as a reference.
public prosecutor
検察官
The official who brings a prosecution (公訴) for a crime before a court (Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 247), and who may decide not to prosecute where, in view of the offender's character, age and circumstances, the gravity and circumstances of the offence and what happened after it, prosecution is not needed (Article 248). In criminal cases a public prosecutor asks the court to apply the law correctly and oversees the carrying out of its judgments; and, as the representative of the public interest, a public prosecutor also does the work other laws and regulations assign to a public prosecutor, which is not limited to criminal cases (Public Prosecutors Office Act, Article 4). A public prosecutor may investigate any crime (Article 6, paragraph (1)). Public prosecutors work through the public prosecutors offices (検察庁): the Supreme, High, District and Local Public Prosecutors Offices (Article 1).
Written by AI using Code of Criminal Procedure, Arts. 247, 248 and Public Prosecutors Office Act, Arts. 1, 4, 6 as a reference.
suspended sentence
執行猶予
A court's decision, when it passes a sentence, to hold off carrying it out. A person sentenced to imprisonment (拘禁刑) of three years or less or a fine (罰金) of 500,000 yen or less who has not been sentenced to imprisonment before, or not within five years of finishing such a sentence, may have the whole of it suspended for one to five years from the day the judgment becomes final (Penal Code, Article 25, paragraph (1)), and may be put under probation (保護観察) for that time (Article 25-2, paragraph (1)). A person whose earlier imprisonment was itself wholly suspended may have a new sentence of two years or less suspended again where there are especially extenuating circumstances, and is then put under probation (Article 25, paragraph (2); Article 25-2, paragraph (1)). If the period passes without the suspension being revoked, the sentence loses its effect (Article 27, paragraph (1)), unless a prosecution is pending for a crime committed in the period, in which case it stays in effect and can still be revoked (paragraphs (2), (4) and (5)); it must or may be revoked if, for example, the person commits another crime in the period and is sentenced to imprisonment without suspension (Articles 26 and 26-2). A sentence of imprisonment of three years or less may also be suspended in part, the rest being served first (Article 27-2).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 25 to 27-2 as a reference.