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Chapter II Invalidity of Dismissal of, and Prohibition of Disadvantageous Treatment of, Whistleblowers on the Grounds of Whistleblowing

第二章 公益通報をしたことを理由とする公益通報者の解雇の無効及び不利益な取扱いの禁止等

Article 3Invalidity of Dismissal

第三条(解雇の無効)

Changes on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

The dismissal of a worker carried out by a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (i) (limited to one that directly employs the worker; the same applies in Article 9) is void if it is on the grounds that the worker, being a whistleblower, has conducted whistleblowing provided for in the respective following items in the cases stated in those items.

労働者である公益通報者が次の各号に掲げる場合においてそれぞれ当該各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として前条第一項第一号に定める事業者(当該労働者を自ら使用するものに限る。第九条において同じ。)が行った解雇は、無効とする。

if the whistleblower considers that a reportable fact has occurred, or is about to occur:whistleblowing to the recipient of services or other designated person;

通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると思料する場合 当該役務提供先等に対する公益通報

if the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that a reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur; or if the whistleblower considers that a reportable fact has occurred, or is about to occur, and submits a document stating the following matters (including a record made by an electronic method, a magnetic method, or any other method not recognizable to human senses; the same applies in (e) of the following item): whistleblowing to an administrative body or other designated person that has the authority to impose a disposition or make a recommendation or other act regarding the reportable fact:

通報対象事実が生じ、若しくはまさに生じようとしていると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合又は通報対象事実が生じ、若しくはまさに生じようとしていると思料し、かつ、次に掲げる事項を記載した書面(電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られる記録を含む。次号ホにおいて同じ。)を提出する場合 当該通報対象事実について処分又は勧告等をする権限を有する行政機関等に対する公益通報

the name and address or residence of the whistleblower;

公益通報者の氏名又は名称及び住所又は居所

details of the reportable fact;

当該通報対象事実の内容

reasons for considering that the reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur; and

当該通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると思料する理由

reasons for considering that measures based on laws and regulations, or any other appropriate measures should be taken with respect to the reportable fact.

当該通報対象事実について法令に基づく措置その他適当な措置がとられるべきと思料する理由

if the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that a reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur, and one of the following cases applies: whistleblowing report to a person to whom reporting the reportable fact is considered necessary to prevent its occurrence or the spread of damage it causes:

通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると信ずるに足りる相当の理由があり、かつ、次のいずれかに該当する場合 その者に対し当該通報対象事実を通報することがその発生又はこれによる被害の拡大を防止するために必要であると認められる者に対する公益通報

the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that if they conduct whistleblowing provided for in the preceding two items, they will be subject to dismissal or other disadvantageous treatment;

前二号に定める公益通報をすれば解雇その他不利益な取扱いを受けると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合

the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that if they conduct whistleblowing provided for in item (i), the evidence for the reportable fact might be concealed, counterfeited, or altered;

第一号に定める公益通報をすれば当該通報対象事実に係る証拠が隠滅され、偽造され、又は変造されるおそれがあると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合

the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that if they conduct whistleblowing as provided for in item (i), the recipient of services will divulge the information acquired with respect to the whistleblower without just cause despite knowing that the information enables the identification of the whistleblower;

第一号に定める公益通報をすれば、役務提供先が、当該公益通報者について知り得た事項を、当該公益通報者を特定させるものであることを知りながら、正当な理由がなくて漏らすと信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合

it is requested that the whistleblower does not conduct whistleblowing provided for in the preceding two items by the recipient of services without just cause;

役務提供先から前二号に定める公益通報をしないことを正当な理由がなくて要求された場合

even if twenty days have elapsed from the day of conducting whistleblowing provided for in item (i) in writing, the whistleblower does not receive a notice from the relevant recipient of services or other designated person about the commencement of an investigation on the reportable fact, or the relevant recipient of services or other designated person does not investigate the reportable fact without just cause; or

書面により第一号に定める公益通報をした日から二十日を経過しても、当該通報対象事実について、当該役務提供先等から調査を行う旨の通知がない場合又は当該役務提供先等が正当な理由がなくて調査を行わない場合

Changes on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that harm to the life or physical wellbeing of an individual, or damage to the property of an individual (excluding an individual conducting business; the same applies below in this sub-item (f)) (limited to irreparable damage or substantial amount of damage to an extremely large number of individuals directly caused by the reportable fact; the same applies in Article 6, item (ii), (b) and item (iii), (b)) has occurred, or there is an imminent danger of its occurrence.

個人の生命若しくは身体に対する危害又は個人(事業を行う場合におけるものを除く。以下このヘにおいて同じ。)の財産に対する損害(回復することができない損害又は著しく多数の個人における多額の損害であって、通報対象事実を直接の原因とするものに限る。第六条第二号ロ及び第三号ロにおいて同じ。)が発生し、又は発生する急迫した危険があると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合

Article 4Invalidity of Cancellation of a Worker Dispatch Contract

第四条(労働者派遣契約の解除の無効)

Changes on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

The cancellation of a worker dispatch contract (meaning a worker dispatch contract prescribed in Article 26, paragraph (1) of the Worker Dispatching Act) by a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (ii) is void if it is on the grounds that a whistleblower who is a dispatched worker working under the directions and orders of a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (ii) (limited to a business operator receiving provision of the services of worker dispatch related to the relevant dispatched worker; the same applies in this Article and Article 5, paragraph (2)) has conducted whistleblowing provided for in the items of the preceding Article.

第二条第一項第二号に定める事業者(当該派遣労働者に係る労働者派遣の役務の提供を受けるものに限る。以下この条及び次条第二項において同じ。)の指揮命令の下に労働する派遣労働者である公益通報者が前条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として第二条第一項第二号に定める事業者が行った労働者派遣契約(労働者派遣法第二十六条第一項に規定する労働者派遣契約をいう。)の解除は、無効とする。

Article 5Prohibition of Disadvantageous Treatment

第五条(不利益取扱いの禁止)

Changes on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

In addition to what is provided for in Article 3, a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (i) must not treat a whistleblower who is or was employed by the business operator in a disadvantageous manner, such as by demotion, reduction of salary, or non-payment of retirement allowance, or otherwise, on the grounds that the whistleblower has conducted whistleblowing provided for in the items of Article 3.

第三条に規定するもののほか、第二条第一項第一号に定める事業者は、その使用し、又は使用していた公益通報者が第三条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として、当該公益通報者に対して、降格、減給、退職金の不支給その他不利益な取扱いをしてはならない。

Removed on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

In addition to what is provided for in the preceding Article, a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (ii) must not, on the grounds that a whistleblower who is a dispatched worker working under the directions and orders of the business operator has conducted whistleblowing provided for in the items of Article 3, request that the business operator carrying out the worker dispatch related to the whistleblower replace the dispatched worker, or otherwise treat the whistleblower in a disadvantageous manner.

前条に規定するもののほか、第二条第一項第二号に定める事業者は、その指揮命令の下に労働する派遣労働者である公益通報者が第三条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として、当該公益通報者に対して、当該公益通報者に係る労働者派遣をする事業者に派遣労働者の交代を求めることその他不利益な取扱いをしてはならない。

Removed on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

A business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (iv) (limited to a business operator stated in (a) of the item; the same applies in the following Article and Article 8, paragraph (4)) must not reduce the remuneration or otherwise treat the whistleblower disadvantageously (excluding dismissal) on the grounds that the whistleblower, who performs or performed duties for the business operator, has conducted whistleblowing provided for in the items of the following Article.

第二条第一項第四号に定める事業者(同号イに掲げる事業者に限る。次条及び第八条第四項において同じ。)は、その職務を行わせ、又は行わせていた公益通報者が次条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として、当該公益通報者に対して、報酬の減額その他不利益な取扱い(解任を除く。)をしてはならない。

Article 6Claim for Compensation for Damages in the Case of Dismissal as an Officer

第六条(役員を解任された場合の損害賠償請求)

Changes and moves to paragraph (2) on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

If a whistleblower who is an officer is dismissed by the business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (iv) on the grounds of having conducted whistleblowing provided for in the respective following items in the cases stated in those items, the whistleblower may claim compensation for damages arising from the dismissal from the business operator.

役員である公益通報者は、次の各号に掲げる場合においてそれぞれ当該各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として第二条第一項第四号に定める事業者から解任された場合には、当該事業者に対し、解任によって生じた損害の賠償を請求することができる。

Removed on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

if the whistleblower considers that a reportable fact has occurred, or is about to occur:whistleblowing to the recipient of services or other designated person;

通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると思料する場合 当該役務提供先等に対する公益通報

Removed on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

if one of the following applies: whistleblowing to an administrative body or other designated person that has the authority to impose a disposition or make a recommendation or other act regarding the reportable fact:

次のいずれかに該当する場合 当該通報対象事実について処分又は勧告等をする権限を有する行政機関等に対する公益通報

Removed on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

if the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that a reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur despite efforts being made to conduct investigative and corrective measures (meaning measures necessary for investigation and correction of the reportable fact with the same level of care as that of a prudent manager; the same applies in (a) of the following item);

調査是正措置(善良な管理者と同一の注意をもって行う、通報対象事実の調査及びその是正のために必要な措置をいう。次号イにおいて同じ。)をとることに努めたにもかかわらず、なお当該通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合

Removed on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

if the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that a reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur, and also that harm to the life or physical wellbeing of an individual, or damage to the property of an individual (excluding an individual conducting business) has occurred or there is an imminent danger of its occurrence.

通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると信ずるに足りる相当の理由があり、かつ、個人の生命若しくは身体に対する危害又は個人(事業を行う場合におけるものを除く。)の財産に対する損害が発生し、又は発生する急迫した危険があると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合

Removed on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

if one of the following cases applies: whistleblowing to a person to whom reporting the reportable fact is considered necessary to prevent its occurrence or the spread of damage it causes:

次のいずれかに該当する場合 その者に対し通報対象事実を通報することがその発生又はこれによる被害の拡大を防止するために必要であると認められる者に対する公益通報

Removed on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

if a whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that a reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur despite efforts being made to conduct investigative and corrective measures, and one of the following applies:

調査是正措置をとることに努めたにもかかわらず、なお当該通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると信ずるに足りる相当の理由があり、かつ、次のいずれかに該当する場合

Removed on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that if they conduct whistleblowing provided for in the preceding two items, they will be subject to dismissal, reduction of remuneration, or other disadvantageous treatment;

前二号に定める公益通報をすれば解任、報酬の減額その他不利益な取扱いを受けると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合

Removed on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that if they conduct whistleblowing provided for in item (i), the evidence for the reportable fact might be concealed, counterfeited, or altered;

第一号に定める公益通報をすれば当該通報対象事実に係る証拠が隠滅され、偽造され、又は変造されるおそれがあると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合

Removed on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

it is requested that the whistleblower does not conduct whistleblowing provided for in the preceding two items by the recipient of services without just cause.

役務提供先から前二号に定める公益通報をしないことを正当な理由がなくて要求された場合

Removed on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

if the whistleblower has reasonable grounds to believe that a reportable fact has occurred or is about to occur, and also that harm to the life or physical wellbeing of an individual, or damage to the property of an individual (excluding an individual conducting business) has occurred or there is an imminent danger of its occurrence.

通報対象事実が生じ、又はまさに生じようとしていると信ずるに足りる相当の理由があり、かつ、個人の生命若しくは身体に対する危害又は個人(事業を行う場合におけるものを除く。)の財産に対する損害が発生し、又は発生する急迫した危険があると信ずるに足りる相当の理由がある場合

Article 7Limitation of Claims for Damages

第七条(損害賠償の制限)

Changes on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

The business operator provided for in each item of Article 2, paragraph (1) may not claim compensation from the whistleblower who has conducted whistleblowing on the grounds that the business operator has suffered damage due to the whistleblowing provided for in each item of Article 3 and each item of the preceding Article.

第二条第一項各号に定める事業者は、第三条各号及び前条各号に定める公益通報によって損害を受けたことを理由として、当該公益通報をした公益通報者に対して、賠償を請求することができない。

Article 8Interpretative Provisions

第八条(解釈規定)

The provisions of Articles 3 through 7 do not preclude the application of the provisions of other laws and regulations that prohibit dismissal or any other disadvantageous treatment of a person stated in the items of Article 2, paragraph (1) on the grounds of making a whistleblowing regarding a reportable fact.

第三条から前条までの規定は、通報対象事実に係る通報をしたことを理由として第二条第一項各号に掲げる者に対して解雇その他不利益な取扱いをすることを禁止する他の法令の規定の適用を妨げるものではない。

Changes on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

The provisions of Article 3 do not preclude the application of the provisions of Article 16 of the Labor Contracts Act (Act No. 128 of 2007).

第三条の規定は、労働契約法(平成十九年法律第百二十八号)第十六条の規定の適用を妨げるものではない。

Changes on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

The provisions of Article 5, paragraph (1) do not preclude the application of the provisions of Articles 14 and 15 of the Labor Contracts Act.

第五条第一項の規定は、労働契約法第十四条及び第十五条の規定の適用を妨げるものではない。

Changes on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

The provisions of Article 6 do not preclude the application of the provisions of other laws and regulations to the effect that a person who has been dismissed as an officer by a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (iv) on the grounds of having made a report concerning a reportable fact may claim compensation for damages arising from the dismissal against the business operator.

第六条の規定は、通報対象事実に係る通報をしたことを理由として第二条第一項第四号に定める事業者から役員を解任された者が当該事業者に対し解任によって生じた損害の賠償を請求することができる旨の他の法令の規定の適用を妨げるものではない。

Article 9Treatment of Regular Service National Public Employees or Other Public Employees

第九条(一般職の国家公務員等に対する取扱い)

Changes on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

The prohibition of dismissal or other disadvantageous treatment, on the grounds of having conducted whistleblowing provided for in the items of Article 3, of national public employees in the regular service, court employees to whom the applies, Diet employees to whom the applies, corps personnel provided for in , and local public employees in the regular service (referred to as "regular service national public employees, etc." in this Article) is governed, notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 3 through 5, by the provisions of the , the Diet Officers Act, the Self-Defense Forces Act, and the . In this case, a business operator provided for in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (i) must apply the provisions of those Acts so that no dismissal or other disadvantageous treatment is imposed on regular service national public employees, etc. on the grounds of having conducted whistleblowing provided for in the items of Article 3.

第三条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由とする一般職の国家公務員、の適用を受ける裁判所職員、の適用を受ける国会職員、に規定する隊員及び一般職の地方公務員(以下この条において「一般職の国家公務員等」という。)に対する免職その他不利益な取扱いの禁止については、第三条から第五条までの規定にかかわらず、、国会職員法、自衛隊法及びの定めるところによる。この場合において、第二条第一項第一号に定める事業者は、第三条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として一般職の国家公務員等に対して免職その他不利益な取扱いがされることのないよう、これらの法律の規定を適用しなければならない。

Article 10Respect for the Legitimate Interests of Others

第十条(他人の正当な利益等の尊重)

Changes on (Act No. 62 of 2025)

Any person who conducts whistleblowing as provided for in the items of Article 3 and the items of Article 6 must make efforts not to damage the legitimate interests of others and the public interest.

第三条各号及び第六条各号に定める公益通報をする者は、他人の正当な利益又は公共の利益を害することのないよう努めなければならない。

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