In the following cases, a witness may refuse to testify:
次に掲げる場合には、証人は、証言を拒むことができる。
a case as referred to in Article 191, paragraph (1)
第百九十一条第一項の場合
a person who is or was a doctor, dentist, pharmacist, pharmaceuticals distributor, birthing assistant, attorney at law (this includes registered foreign lawyers), patent attorney, defense counsel, notary, or person engaged in a religious occupation is examined with regard to any fact learned in the course of duty that must remain confidential;
医師、歯科医師、薬剤師、医薬品販売業者、助産師、弁護士（外国法事務弁護士を含む。）、弁理士、弁護人、公証人、宗教、祈祷若しくは祭祀の職にある者又はこれらの職にあった者が職務上知り得た事実で黙秘すべきものについて尋問を受ける場合
the witness is examined with regard to a matter that involves a technical or professional secret.
技術又は職業の秘密に関する事項について尋問を受ける場合
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not apply if the witness has been released from the duty of silence.
前項の規定は、証人が黙秘の義務を免除された場合には、適用しない。
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