①The courts have jurisdiction over an action that is brought against a person domiciled in Japan; against a person without a domicile, or of domicile unknown, whose residence is in Japan; and against a person without a residence, or of residence unknown, who was domiciled in Japan before the action was filed (unless the person has been domiciled in a foreign country after last being domiciled in Japan).

②Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the courts have jurisdiction over an action that is brought against an ambassador, minister, or any other Japanese national in a foreign country who enjoys immunity from the jurisdiction of that country.

③The courts have jurisdiction over an action that is brought against a corporation or any other association or foundation whose principal office or business office is located in Japan, and against a corporation, association, or foundation without a business office or other office, or with a business office or other office of unknown location, whose representative or other person principally in charge of its business is domiciled in Japan.

①An action involving a contract concluded between a consumer (meaning an individual (except for an individual that becomes a party to a contract as a part of a business undertaking or for business purposes); the same applies below) and an enterprise (meaning a corporation or any other association or foundation or an individual that becomes a party to a contract as a part of a business undertaking or for business purposes; the same applies below) (this excludes a labor contract; referred to below as a "consumer contract"), which is brought by the consumer against the enterprise, may be filed with the Japanese courts if the consumer is domiciled in Japan at the time the action is filed or at the time the consumer contract is concluded.

②An action that an individual worker brings against an employer in connection with a dispute over a civil matter that arises between them over the existence or absence of a labor contract or any other matter that concerns their labor relationship (referred to below as a "civil dispute over an individual labor relationship") may be filed with the Japanese courts if the place for providing the labor under the labor contract subject to the dispute (or the locality of the place of business that hired the worker, if the place for providing the labor is not established) is within Japan.

③The provisions of the preceding Article do not apply to an action involving a consumer contract which is brought by an enterprise against a consumer, or an action involving a civil dispute over an individual labor relationship which is brought by an employer against a worker.

①Actions prescribed in Part VII, Chapter II of the Companies Act (excluding those prescribed in Sections 4 and 6 of that Chapter), actions prescribed in Chapter VI, Section 2 of the Act on General Incorporated Associations and General Incorporated Foundations (Act No. 48 of 2006), and other equivalent actions equivalent involving associations or foundations incorporated pursuant to Japanese laws and regulations other than those Acts, are under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Japanese courts.

②An action related to a registration is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Japanese courts if the place where the registration is to be made is within Japan.

③An action about the existence or absence or the validity of an intellectual property right (meaning an intellectual property right as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (2) of the Intellectual Property Basic Act (Act No. 122 of 2002)) that arises through a registration establishing that intellectual property right is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Japanese courts if that registration was made in Japan.

If multiple claims are involved in a single action and the Japanese courts have jurisdiction over one of those claims and no jurisdiction over the others, the action may be filed with the Japanese courts only if the one claim is closely connected with the other claims; provided, however, that with regard to an action brought by multiple persons or an action brought against multiple persons, this applies only in the case specified in the first sentence of Article 38.

①Parties may establish, by agreement, the country in which they are permitted to file an action with the courts.

②An agreement as referred to in the preceding paragraph is not valid unless it is made regarding actions that are based on a specific legal relationship, and executed by means of a paper document.

③If electronic or magnetic records (meaning records used in computer data processing which are created in electronic form, magnetic form, or any other form that is otherwise impossible to perceive through the human senses alone; the same applies below) in which the content of an agreement as referred to in paragraph (1) is recorded are used to execute that agreement, the agreement is deemed to have been executed by means of a paper document and the provisions of the preceding paragraph apply.

④An agreement that an action may be filed only with the courts of a foreign country may not be invoked if those courts are unable to exercise jurisdiction by law or in fact.

⑤An agreement as referred to in paragraph (1) which covers consumer contract disputes that may arise in the future is valid only in the following cases:

⑥An agreement as referred to in paragraph (1) which covers civil disputes over individual labor relationships that may arise in the future is valid only in the following cases: