This Act comes into effect on October 1, 2024; provided, however, that the provisions set forth in the following items come into effect on the dates specified respectively in those items:

①The provisions of the Child Allowance Act as amended by the provisions of Article 12 (hereinafter in this Article referred to as the "New Child Allowance Act") apply to payment of child allowance for months on or after October 2024, and the provisions then in force continue to govern child allowance for months on or before September of that year and payment of the benefit under Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Child Allowance Act prior to amendment by the provisions of Article 12 (hereinafter in this Article referred to as the "Former Child Allowance Act").

②A claim for certification actually made at the time this Act comes into effect under Article 7, paragraph (1) of the Child Allowance Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 2, paragraph (4) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Former Child Allowance Act (including where it applies with terms replaced pursuant to Article 17, paragraph (1) of the Child Allowance Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 2, paragraph (4) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Former Child Allowance Act; hereinafter in this Article referred to as "Article 7, paragraph (1) as applied under the Former Child Allowance Act") or paragraph (3) of that Article (including where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 17, paragraph (2) of the Child Allowance Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 2, paragraph (4) of the Supplementary Provisions of the Former Child Allowance Act) is deemed to be a claim for certification under Article 7, paragraph (1) of the Child Allowance Act (including where it applies with terms replaced pursuant to Article 17, paragraph (1) of that Act; the same applies hereinafter in this Article) or paragraph (3) of that Article (including where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 17, paragraph (2) of that Act).

③A person who, at the time this Act comes into effect, has actually received certification under Article 7, paragraph (1) as applied under the former Child Allowance Act is deemed to have received certification under Article 7, paragraph (1) of the Child Allowance Act on the day this Act comes into effect (hereinafter in this Article referred to as the "Effective Date").

④With regard to a person who, at the time this Act comes into effect, has actually received certification under Article 7, paragraph (1) of the Child Allowance Act and a person who is deemed under the preceding paragraph to have received certification under paragraph (1) of that Article, for whom the amount calculated on the Effective Date pursuant to Article 6 of the New Child Allowance Act (hereinafter in this paragraph referred to as the "post-amendment calculated amount") exceeds the amount for which certification was received on the day preceding the Effective Date pursuant to Article 7, paragraph (1) of the Child Allowance Act or Article 7, paragraph (1) as applied under the former Child Allowance Act, notwithstanding Article 9, paragraph (1) of the Child Allowance Act, the amount of child allowance for months on or after October 2024 is deemed to have been revised on the Effective Date to the post-amendment calculated amount.

⑤In the application of Article 9, paragraph (1) of the Child Allowance Act to a case where a person who, at the time this Act comes into effect, has actually received certification under Article 7, paragraph (2) of the Child Allowance Act, and for whom the amount calculated on the Effective Date pursuant to Article 6 of the New Child Allowance Act exceeds the amount for which that certification was received on the day preceding the Effective Date, has made, during the period from the Effective Date to March 31, 2025, a claim for revision of the amount under Article 9, paragraph (1) of the Child Allowance Act with respect to that excess amount, the phrase "the month following the month that includes the day on which that person made a claim for certification with respect to the revised amount" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "October 2024".

⑥In the application of Article 8, paragraph (2) of the Child Allowance Act to a person who has made a claim for certification under Article 7, paragraph (1) or (2) of the Child Allowance Act during the period from the Effective Date to March 31, 2025 (limited to a person who falls under any of the items of Article 4, paragraph (1) of the New Child Allowance Act on the Effective Date), the phrase "the month following the month that includes the day on which the eligible recipient made a claim for certification under the preceding Article" in that paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "October 2024".

With regard to the application of penal provisions to acts committed before this Act (or, for the provisions set forth in Article 1, items (iv) through (vi) of the Supplementary Provisions, those provisions; the same applies hereinafter in this Article) comes into effect, and to acts committed after this Act comes into effect in the case where the provisions then in force continue to govern pursuant to the provisions of Article 13, paragraph (1) of the Supplementary Provisions, the provisions then in force continue to govern.

Beyond what is provided for in these Supplementary Provisions, the transitional measures necessary in connection with the enforcement of this Act (including transitional measures concerning penal provisions) are specified by Cabinet Order.

The government is to, with a target of five years after this Act comes into effect, conduct a review of the state of measures concerning support for children and child-rearing to address the advance of the declining birthrate, based on the status of implementation and the effects of the measures under the Acceleration Plan and the viewpoint set forth in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, and take the required measures based on the results of that review.