Article 31Establishment, Amendment, and Repeal of Bylaws
第三十一条（規約の設定、変更及び廃止）
The establishment, amendment, or repeal of the bylaws is effected by resolution at a meeting at which a majority of the unit owners (excluding those who do not hold voting rights; hereinafter the same applies in the first sentence of this paragraph) (or, if a higher proportion is specified in the bylaws, at least that proportion), who hold a majority of the voting rights (or, if a higher proportion is specified in the bylaws, at least that proportion), are present, by at least a three-fourths majority of the unit owners present and a three-fourths majority of their votes. In such a case, if the establishment, amendment, or repeal of the bylaws will have a special influence on the rights of some unit owners, their approval must be obtained.
規約の設定、変更又は廃止は、集会において、区分所有者（議決権を有しないものを除く。以下この項前段において同じ。）の過半数（これを上回る割合を規約で定めた場合にあつては、その割合以上）の者であつて議決権の過半数（これを上回る割合を規約で定めた場合にあつては、その割合以上）を有するものが出席し、出席した区分所有者及びその議決権の各四分の三以上の多数による決議によつてする。この場合において、規約の設定、変更又は廃止が一部の区分所有者の権利に特別の影響を及ぼすべきときは、その承諾を得なければならない。
The establishment, amendment, or repeal of the bylaws of all the unit owners concerning a matter prescribed in paragraph (2) of the preceding Article may not be effected if more than one-fourth of the unit owners who should have common use of the private common area (excluding those who do not hold voting rights) or persons who hold more than one-fourth of the voting rights connected with the private common area oppose the establishment, amendment, or repeal.
Article 32Establishment of Bylaws by Notarial Deed
第三十二条（公正証書による規約の設定）
A person who initially owns all the exclusively-owned areas of a building may establish the bylaws under Article 4, paragraph (2), Article 5, paragraph (1), the proviso to Article 22, paragraph (1), and the proviso to paragraph (2) of that Article (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (3) of that Article) by a notarial deed.
Article 33Retention and Inspection of the Bylaws
第三十三条（規約の保管及び閲覧）
The bylaws must be retained by the manager; provided, however, that if there is no manager, the bylaws must be retained by a unit owner who is using the building or their agent who has been specified in the bylaws or by meeting resolution.
規約は、管理者が保管しなければならない。ただし、管理者がないときは、建物を使用している区分所有者又はその代理人で規約又は集会の決議で定めるものが保管しなければならない。
If the person who has retained the bylaws pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph receives a request from an interested party, the person must not refuse to allow them to inspect the bylaws (or, if the bylaws have been prepared in the form of electronic or magnetic records, to inspect the content of the data recorded in the electronic or magnetic records, displayed in a means that is specified by Ministry of Justice Order at the place where the bylaws are retained), unless there are legitimate grounds for doing so.
If the bylaws have been prepared in the form of electronic or magnetic records, the person who retains the bylaws pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) may, in lieu of allowing the inspection under the preceding paragraph of the content of the data recorded in the electronic or magnetic records displayed in a means specified by Ministry of Justice Order, provide the data recorded in the electronic or magnetic records by electronic or magnetic means with the consent of the interested party who made the request under that paragraph, pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order. In such a case, the person who retains the bylaws is deemed to have allowed the inspection under that paragraph.
The place where the bylaws are retained must be posted somewhere conspicuous within the building.
規約の保管場所は、建物内の見やすい場所に掲示しなければならない。
Article 34Convocation of Meetings
第三十四条（集会の招集）
Meetings are to be convened by the manager.
集会は、管理者が招集する。
The manager must convene a meeting at least once a year.
管理者は、少なくとも毎年一回集会を招集しなければならない。
One-fifth or more of the unit owners (excluding those who do not hold voting rights; the same applies in paragraph (5)) who hold at least one-fifth of all of the voting rights may indicate a subject matter for a meeting and request that the manager convene one; provided, however, that this quorum may be reduced by the bylaws.
If a request under the preceding paragraph has been made, but, within two weeks, the manager does not send any convocation notice for a meeting setting a day within four weeks from the request date as the date of the meeting, the unit owners who made the request may convene a meeting.
If there is no manager, persons who constitute one-fifth or more of the unit owners and who hold at least one-fifth of all the voting rights may convene a meeting; provided, however, that this quorum may be reduced by the bylaws.
管理者がないときは、区分所有者の五分の一以上の者であつて議決権の五分の一以上を有するものは、集会を招集することができる。ただし、この定数は、規約で減ずることができる。
第三十五条（招集の通知）
The convocation notice for a meeting must indicate the subject matter of the meeting and the outline of the proposal and be sent to each unit owner (excluding those who do not hold voting rights) at least one week prior to the date of the meeting; provided, however that this period may be extended by the bylaws.
集会の招集の通知は、会日より少なくとも一週間前に、会議の目的たる事項及び議案の要領を示して、各区分所有者（議決権を有しないものを除く。）に発しなければならない。ただし、この期間は、規約で伸長することができる。
If an exclusively-owned area is under the co-ownership of multiple persons, it is sufficient to send the notice under the preceding paragraph to the person whom it has been decided will exercise their voting rights (or to one of the co-owners, if there is no such person) pursuant to the provisions of Article 40.
It is sufficient to send the notice under paragraph (1) to the place where the unit owner has notified the manager that they will receive notices, and if the unit owner has not notified the manager of such a place, to the place where the exclusively-owned area owned by the unit owner is located. In such a case, the notice under that paragraph is deemed to have arrived at the time when the notice should have normally arrived.
If a special provision is provided in the bylaws, the notice under paragraph (1) may be given to a unit owner whose address is in the building, or to a unit owner who has not notified the manager of the place where they are to receive notices under the preceding paragraph, by posting the notice somewhere conspicuous within the building. In such a case, the notice under paragraph (1) is deemed to have arrived at the time when the notice is posted.
Article 36Omission of Convocation Procedures
第三十六条（招集手続の省略）
If all of the unit owners (excluding those who do not hold voting rights) have given their consent, a meeting may be held without going through convocation procedures.
集会は、区分所有者（議決権を有しないものを除く。）全員の同意があるときは、招集の手続を経ないで開くことができる。
Article 37Limitation on Matters for Resolution
第三十七条（決議事項の制限）
Only a matter for which notice has been given in advance pursuant to the provisions of Article 35 may be voted on as a resolution at a meeting.
集会においては、第三十五条の規定によりあらかじめ通知した事項についてのみ、決議をすることができる。
The provisions of the preceding paragraph do not preclude any provisions to the contrary in the bylaws, except for matters concerning which this Act prescribes a special quorum for meeting resolutions.
前項の規定は、この法律に集会の決議につき特別の定数が定められている事項を除いて、規約で別段の定めをすることを妨げない。
The provisions of the preceding two paragraphs do not apply to a meeting under the provisions of the preceding Article.
第三十八条（議決権）
The voting rights of each unit owner are to be in accordance with the proportion specified in Article 14, except as otherwise provided for in the bylaws.
Article 38-2Exclusion of Unknown or Missing Unit Owners
第三十八条の二（所在等不明区分所有者の除外）
If a unit owner cannot be identified or the whereabouts of a unit owner cannot be ascertained, the court may, at the request of the unit owners other than that unit owner (referred to as an "unknown or missing unit owner" in the following paragraph) (hereinafter referred to as "general unit owners" in this paragraph and paragraph (3)) or of the manager, make a judicial decision to the effect that a resolution at a meeting may be adopted by the general unit owners.
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, a person who has been found to be an unknown or missing unit owner by the judicial decision referred to in the preceding paragraph does not hold voting rights at a meeting (or, if the building to which that judicial decision pertains has been destroyed, voting rights at a meeting held by the persons who hold the right to use the grounds pertaining to that building or who hold a share of co-ownership in the attached facilities of the building (including rights related to them)).
前項の裁判により所在等不明区分所有者であるとされた者は、前条の規定にかかわらず、集会における議決権（当該裁判に係る建物が滅失したときは、当該建物に係る敷地利用権を有する者又は当該建物の附属施設（これに関する権利を含む。）の共有持分を有する者が開く集会における議決権）を有しない。
If the judicial decision referred to in paragraph (1) has been made at the request of general unit owners, those general unit owners must notify the manager of this without delay; provided, however, that if there is no manager, they must post a notice to that effect somewhere conspicuous within the building.
第三十九条（議事）
A meeting's decisions are to be decided by a majority of the unit owners present (excluding those who do not hold voting rights) and with a majority of their votes, except as otherwise provided for in this Act or in the bylaws.
集会の議事は、この法律又は規約に別段の定めがない限り、出席した区分所有者（議決権を有しないものを除く。）及びその議決権の各過半数で決する。
Voting rights may also be exercised in writing or through an agent. In such a case, the number of unit owners who have exercised their voting rights in writing or through an agent is included in the number of unit owners present, and the number of those voting rights is included in the number of voting rights of the unit owners present.
議決権は、書面又は代理人によつても行使することができる。この場合において、書面又は代理人によつて議決権を行使した区分所有者の数は出席した区分所有者の数に、当該議決権の数は出席した区分所有者の議決権の数に、それぞれ算入する。
Pursuant to the bylaws or a resolution at a meeting, a unit owner may exercise voting rights by electronic or magnetic means in lieu of the exercise of voting rights in writing under the provisions of the preceding paragraph. In such a case, the provisions of the second sentence of that paragraph apply by deeming the exercise of voting rights by electronic or magnetic means to be the exercise of voting rights in writing.
Article 40Designation of a Person to Exercise Voting Rights
第四十条（議決権行使者の指定）
If an exclusively-owned area is co-owned by multiple persons, the co-owners must decide upon one person who will exercise their voting rights, by a majority in accordance with the value of the share of each co-owner.
専有部分が数人の共有に属するときは、共有者は、各共有者の持分の価格に従い、その過半数をもつて、議決権を行使すべき者一人を定めなければならない。
第四十一条（議長）
The manager or one of the unit owners who convened the meeting is to serve as the chairperson at the meeting, unless otherwise provided for in the bylaws or if it has been otherwise resolved.
集会においては、規約に別段の定めがある場合及び別段の決議をした場合を除いて、管理者又は集会を招集した区分所有者の一人が議長となる。
第四十二条（議事録）
The chairperson must prepare minutes of the proceedings of a meeting in writing or in the form of electronic or magnetic records.
集会の議事については、議長は、書面又は電磁的記録により、議事録を作成しなければならない。
An outline of the proceedings of the meeting and their results must be entered or recorded in the minutes.
議事録には、議事の経過の要領及びその結果を記載し、又は記録しなければならない。
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, if the minutes have been prepared in writing, the chairperson and two unit owners who attended the meeting must sign them.
In the case referred to in paragraph (2), if the minutes have been prepared in the form of electronic or magnetic records, measures specified by Ministry of Justice Order that are used in place of signatures and that are implemented by the chairperson and two unit owners who attended the meeting must be taken for the data recorded in the electronic or magnetic records.
The provisions of Article 33 apply mutatis mutandis to the minutes.
第三十三条の規定は、議事録について準用する。
Article 43Report of Administrative Affairs
第四十三条（事務の報告）
A manager must report on their administrative affairs at a meeting, at a certain time once a year.
管理者は、集会において、毎年一回一定の時期に、その事務に関する報告をしなければならない。
Article 44Possessors' Right to State Their Opinions
第四十四条（占有者の意見陳述権）
If a person who has possession of an exclusively-owned area with the consent of the unit owner holds an interest in the subject matter of the meeting, the person may attend the meeting and state their opinion.
In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the person who convened the meeting must post the date and place of the meeting, the subject matter of the meeting, and the outline of the proposal somewhere conspicuous within the building without delay after sending the convocation notice pursuant to the provisions of Article 35.
Article 45Resolutions Decided on in Writing or by Electronic or Magnetic Means
第四十五条（書面又は電磁的方法による決議）
If a resolution is required to be voted on at a meeting pursuant to the provisions of this Act or the bylaws and if all of the unit owners (excluding those who do not hold voting rights; the same applies in the following paragraph) consent, the resolution may be voted on either in writing or by electronic or magnetic means; provided, however, that the consent of the unit owners concerning a resolution voted on by electronic or magnetic means must be obtained pursuant to the provisions of Ministry of Justice Order.
If all of the unit owners agree unanimously in writing or by electronic or magnetic means, a matter that was required to have been decided by a resolution voted on at a meeting pursuant to the provisions of this Act or the bylaws, is deemed to have been decided by a resolution voted on in writing or by electronic or magnetic means.
A resolution that has been voted on in writing or by electronic or magnetic means concerning a matter that was required to have been decided by a resolution voted on at a meeting pursuant to the provisions of this Act or the bylaws has the same effect as a meeting resolution.
この法律又は規約により集会において決議すべきものとされた事項についての書面又は電磁的方法による決議は、集会の決議と同一の効力を有する。
The provisions of Article 33 apply mutatis mutandis to documents related to a resolution voted on in writing or by electronic or magnetic means, and to the electronic or magnetic records that are prepared by electronic or magnetic means in a case in which the electronic or magnetic means referred to in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) are used.
The provisions concerning meetings apply mutatis mutandis to resolutions voted on in writing or by electronic or magnetic means.
集会に関する規定は、書面又は電磁的方法による決議について準用する。