Act on the Prevention of Spousal Violence and the Protection of Victims

①As respect for individuality and equality under law is stipulated in the Constitution of Japan, efforts have been made in Japan for the protection of human rights and the realization of equality between women and men.

②Nevertheless, even though spousal violence constitutes a serious violation of human rights that can involve criminal acts, efforts to help victims have not always been adequate. In addition, the majority of victims of spousal violence are women. When women who find it difficult to achieve economic self-reliance are subject to violence from their spouses, it adversely affects respect for individuality and impedes the realization of equality between women and men.

③In order to improve these conditions and to achieve the protection of human rights and the realization of equality between women and men, measures to prevent spousal violence and protect victims need to be established. This action is also in line with efforts taken by the international community to eradicate violence against women.

④This Act has been established in order to prevent spousal violence and protect victims through the establishment of a system to deal with spousal violence, providing for notification, counseling, protection, and support for self-reliance, etc.

①The term "spousal violence" as used in this Act means physical violence caused by one spouse (illegal physical attacks that threaten the other spouse's life or person; the same applies hereinafter) or words and deeds by one spouse that cause the same level of psychological or physical harm to the other spouse (hereinafter collectively referred to as "physical violence, etc." in this paragraph and Article 28-2), and includes cases where a spouse has, subsequent to being subjected to physical violence, etc. by the other spouse, obtained a divorce or annulment of marriage but continues to be subjected to physical violence, etc. by the former spouse.

②The term "victim" as used in this Act means a person who has been subjected to spousal violence.

③The term "spouse" as used in this Act includes persons who are in a de facto state of marriage that has not been legally registered. The term "divorce" includes the circumstances of persons who were in a de facto state of marriage that was not legally registered, and whose situation has changed to a de facto state of divorce.

The national government and local public entities have the responsibility of preventing spousal violence and protecting victims (including supporting their self-reliance; the same applies hereinafter).

①The Prime Minister, the National Public Safety Commission, the Minister of Justice, and the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare (hereinafter collectively referred to as the "competent ministers" in this Article and paragraph (5) of the following Article) must establish a basic policy concerning measures for the prevention of spousal violence and the protection of victims (hereinafter the "basic policy" in this Article and paragraphs (1) and (3) of the following Article).

②The basic policy is to establish guidelines for the prefectural basic plans set forth in paragraph (1) of the following Article and the municipal basic plans set forth in paragraph (3) of the same Article with regard to the following matters:

③When establishing or revising the basic policy, the competent ministers must consult in advance with the heads of the relevant administrative organs.

④Upon establishing or revising the basic policy, the competent ministers must publicize it without delay.

①In line with the basic policy, prefectures must establish their own basic plans concerning the implementation of measures for the prevention of spousal violence and the protection of victims within their jurisdiction (hereinafter "prefectural basic plans" in this Article).

②Prefectural basic plans are to provide the following matters:

③In line with the basic policy and by taking into consideration prefectural basic plans, municipalities (including special wards; the same applies hereinafter) must endeavor to establish their own basic plans concerning the implementation of measures for the prevention of spousal violence and the protection of victims within their jurisdiction (hereinafter "municipal basic plans" in this Article).

④Upon establishing or revising a prefectural basic plan or municipal basic plan, the prefecture or municipality must publicize it without delay.

⑤The competent ministers must endeavor to provide prefectures and municipalities with advice and other assistance needed to establish prefectural basic plans and municipal basic plans.

①Prefectures are to ensure that women's counseling and support centers and other appropriate facilities they have established function as spousal violence counseling and support centers.

②Municipalities are to endeavor to ensure that appropriate facilities they have established function as spousal violence counseling and support centers.

③In order to prevent spousal violence and protect victims, spousal violence counseling and support centers are to undertake the following activities:

④Temporary protection referred to in item (iii) of the preceding paragraph is to be provided directly by women's counseling and support centers or entrusted to parties that meet criteria specified by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare.

⑤Parties currently or previously entrusted under the provisions of the preceding paragraph or their current or former officers or employees must not divulge any secret learned in the course of those entrusted duties, without legitimate grounds for doing so.

⑥In performing their duties, spousal violence counseling and support centers are to endeavor to collaborate, as required, with private-sector organizations that are engaged in activities to prevent spousal violence and protect victims.

Women's counseling and support officers may provide counseling and necessary assistance to victims.

Prefectures may provide protection to victims at women's self-support facilities.

①Prefectures must endeavor, either independently or jointly, to organize councils comprised of relevant organizations, relevant groups, persons engaged in professional duties for the prevention of spousal violence and the protection of victims, and other relevant persons (referred to as "relevant organizations, etc." in paragraph (5)) with the aim of preventing spousal violence and protecting victims (hereinafter "councils").

②Municipalities may organize councils, either independently or jointly.

③In addition to sharing information on victims and other information necessary for the protection of victims, councils are to deliberate on the details of support for victims.

④When a council is organized, the local public entity must make a public announcement to that effect pursuant to the provisions of Cabinet Office Order.

⑤When a council finds it necessary for sharing information or deliberating as prescribed in paragraph (3), it may ask relevant organizations, etc. to provide materials or information, present opinions, or provide other necessary cooperation.

Persons who engage or engaged in the administrative processes of a council must not divulge any secret learned in the course of those administrative processes, without legitimate grounds for doing so.

Beyond what is provided for in the preceding two Articles, councils are to prescribe necessary matters concerning their organization and operation.

①Persons who discover that someone has been subject to spousal violence (limited to physical violence by a spouse or former spouse; hereinafter the same applies in this Chapter) must endeavor to make a notification to that effect to a spousal violence counseling and support center or police officer.

②Physicians or other medical personnel that, during the course of their duties, come across a person which they consider has suffered an injury or medical condition as a result of spousal violence may make a notification to that effect to a spousal violence counseling and support center or police officer. In this case, they are to endeavor to respect the wishes of the person.

③The provisions of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) concerning unlawful disclosure of confidential information and the provisions of other laws concerning confidentiality obligations must not be construed as preventing notification pursuant to the preceding two paragraphs.

④Physicians or other medical personnel who, during the course of their duties, come across a person whom they consider has suffered an injury or medical condition as a result of spousal violence must endeavor to provide the person with information they have concerning the use of spousal violence counseling and support centers, etc.

When receiving notification or being consulted about a victim, where necessary, the spousal violence counseling and support center is to give an explanation and advice regarding the services provided by spousal violence counseling and support centers pursuant to the provisions of Article 3, paragraph (3) and recommend the victim receive any necessary protection.

If a police officer finds that spousal violence has been committed based on a notification or other means, pursuant to the provisions of the Police Act (Act No. 162 of 1954), Police Duties Execution Act (Act No. 136 of 1948), and other laws and regulations, the officer must endeavor to take necessary measures to stop the violence, protect the victim, and otherwise prevent harm caused by spousal violence.

If a request is received from a person subjected to spousal violence for assistance in personally preventing harm from spousal violence, and if that request is found to be reasonable, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the National Public Safety Commission, the Superintendent General of the Metropolitan Police Department, the chief of prefectural police headquarters (or the chief of area headquarters for an area that does not include the location of the Hokkaido Prefectural Police Headquarters; the same applies in Article 15, paragraph (3)), or the chief of a police station is to advise the person subjected to spousal violence on measures to personally prevent the harm and offer other necessary assistance to prevent the person from suffering harm from spousal violence.

Offices handling welfare affairs as prescribed by the Social Welfare Act (Act No. 45 of 1951) (referred to as "welfare offices" in the following Article) must endeavor to take any necessary measures to support victims to become self-reliant pursuant to the provisions of the Public Assistance Act (Act No. 144 of 1950), the Child Welfare Act (Act No. 164 of 1947), the Act on Welfare of Mothers with Dependents, Fathers with Dependents, and Widows (Act No. 129 of 1964), and other laws and regulations.

In providing protection to victims, spousal violence counseling and support centers, prefectural police, welfare offices, child guidance centers, other relevant prefectural or municipal organizations, and other relevant organizations are to endeavor to coordinate and cooperate with each other so that appropriate protection is provided.

When a complaint is received from a victim regarding the performance of duties by personnel in charge of the protection of victims, the relevant organizations referred to in the preceding Article are to endeavor to process the complaints appropriately and promptly.

①When the life, body, or mind of a victim (limited to a victim who has been subjected to physical violence or declared threats of harm to life, body, freedom, reputation, or property by the spouse (hereinafter "physical violence, etc." in this Chapter); hereinafter the same applies in this Article and in Article 12, paragraph (1), items (iii) and (iv)) is highly likely to be seriously harmed due to further physical violence, etc. by the spouse (including a former spouse when the victim has obtained a divorce or annulment of marriage subsequent to being subjected to physical violence, etc. by the spouse; hereinafter the same applies in this Article and in Article 12, paragraph (1), items (ii) through (iv)), the court, upon petition by the victim, is to order the spouse to refrain from approaching the victim at the victim's residence (excluding residences where the victim and spouse share a principal place of daily activity; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) or any other place, or from loitering in the vicinity of the residence, workplace, or any other location normally frequented by the victim, for a one-year period from the day on which the order comes into effect.

②In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, upon petition by the victim, the court that will issue or has issued an order under the same paragraph (hereinafter a "stay-away order") is to, on or after the day the order comes into effect, order the spouse to refrain from carrying out the following acts against the victim during a period up to the day on which one year has elapsed from the day on which the stay-away order comes into effect:

③In the case referred to in paragraph (1), if the victim lives with a child who has not yet attained the age of majority (hereinafter simply referred to as a "child" in this paragraph, the following paragraph, and Article 12, paragraph (1), item (iii)), and if the court that will issue or has issued a stay-away order finds it necessary for preventing the victim from being compelled to meet the spouse with regard to the child who lives with the victim because the spouse has said or done something or there are other circumstances sufficient to cause the victim to suspect that the spouse will take the young child away, upon petition by the victim, the court is to, on or after the day the order comes into effect, order the spouse to refrain from approaching the child at the child's residence (excluding residences where the child and spouse share a principal place of daily activity; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph), the school the child attends, or any other place, or from loitering in the vicinity of the child's residence, school, or any other location normally frequented by the child, and to refrain from carrying out the acts set forth in items (ii) through (xi) of the preceding paragraph against the child (in the case of the acts set forth in item (v) of the same paragraph, limited to making phone calls and transmitting messages, etc. by fax), for a one-year period from the day on which the stay-away order comes into effect; however, if the child is 15 years of age or older, this provision applies only if the child gives consent.

④In the case referred to in paragraph (1), if the court that will issue or has issued a stay-away order finds it necessary for preventing the victim from being compelled to meet the spouse with regard to a relative of the victim or another person with whom the victim has a close social relationship (excluding a child who lives with the victim and a person who lives with the spouse; hereinafter a "relative, etc." in this paragraph, the following paragraph, and Article 12, paragraph (1), item (iv)) because the spouse has visited the residence of the relative, etc. uninvited and has spoken or acted in an extremely rude or violent manner, or there are other circumstances, upon petition by the victim, the court is to, on or after the day the order comes into effect, order the spouse to refrain from approaching the relative, etc. at their residence (excluding residences where the relative, etc. and spouse share a principal place of daily activity; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) or any other place, or from loitering in the vicinity of the residence, workplace, or any other location normally frequented by the relative, etc., for a one-year period from the day on which the stay-away order comes into effect.

⑤A petition referred to in the preceding paragraph may be filed only when the relative, etc. (excluding a child of the victim under 15 years of age; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) gives consent (if the relative, etc. is a person under 15 years of age or an adult ward, only when their legal representative gives consent).

⑥The term "sending electronic mail, etc." as used in paragraph (2), items (iv) and (v) means either of the following acts (excluding making phone calls and transmitting messages, etc. by fax):

If the life or person of a victim (limited to a victim who has been subjected to physical violence or life-threatening intimidation, etc. (meaning declared threats of harm to the victim's life or person; hereinafter the same applies in this Chapter) by a spouse; hereinafter the same applies in this Article and Article 18, paragraph (1)) is highly likely to be seriously harmed as a result of further physical violence by the spouse (including a former spouse when the victim has obtained a divorce or annulment of marriage subsequent to being subjected to physical violence or life-threatening intimidation, etc. by the spouse; hereinafter the same applies in this Article, Article 12, paragraph (2), item (ii), and Article 18, paragraph (1)), upon petition by the victim, the court is to order the spouse to leave the residence where the victim and spouse share a principal place of daily activity and to refrain from loitering in the vicinity of the residence for a two-month period from the day on which the order comes into effect (or a six-month period if the victim is the sole owner or lessee of the building or condominium unit (meaning a condominium unit prescribed in Article 2, item (xxii) of the Real Property Registration Act (Act No. 123 of 2004)) that is used by the victim and the spouse as their principal place of daily activity, and if the victim has filed a petition); however this is limited to cases where the victim and spouse share the same principal place of daily activity at the time of the petition.

①Cases pertaining to a petition for a stay-away order and an order under the provisions of the preceding Article (hereinafter an "eviction order") are subject to the jurisdiction of the district court that has jurisdiction over the locality of the opposite party's domicile (or residence if the opposite party does not have a domicile in Japan or the domicile of the opposite party is unknown).

②A petition for a stay-away order may be filed in a district court that has jurisdiction over the places set forth in the following items:

③A petition for an eviction order may be filed in a district court that has jurisdiction over the places set forth in the following items:

①A petition for a stay-away order and an order under the provisions of Article 10, paragraphs (2) through (4) must be made in writing and specify the following matters:

②A petition for an eviction order must be made in writing and specify the following matters:

③If a written document referred to in the preceding two paragraphs (hereinafter a "written petition") does not contain a matter set forth in paragraph (1), items (v), (a) through (d) or in items (iii), (a) through (d) of the preceding paragraph, the petitioner must attach to the written petition documents or electronic or magnetic records in which statements by the petitioner with regard to the matters set forth in paragraph (1), items (i) through (iv) or items (i) and (ii) of the preceding paragraph are written or recorded, certified pursuant to the provisions of Article 53, paragraph (1) or Article 59, paragraph (3) of the Notary Act (Act No. 53 of 1908).

The court is to render judicial decisions promptly on cases pertaining to petitions for stay-away orders, orders under the provisions of Article 10, paragraphs (2) through (4), and eviction orders (hereinafter "protection order").

①A protection order may not be issued before a date for oral arguments or for a hearing which the opposite party can attend; however, this does not apply when circumstances are such that waiting until that date would prevent the purpose of the petition for the protection order from being achieved.

②When a written petition contains the matters set forth in Article 12, paragraph (1), items (v), (a) through (d) or Article 12, paragraph (2), items (iii), (a) through (d), the court is to request the chief of the relevant spousal violence counseling and support center or police station to submit a document stating the circumstances at the time when the petitioner received counseling or requested assistance or protection, as well as the details of the measures taken in response. In this case, the chief of the relevant spousal violence counseling and support center or police station is to respond promptly.

③If the court finds it necessary to do so, it may ask the chief of the spousal violence counseling and support center or police station referred to in the preceding paragraph or the personnel from whom the petitioner received counseling or requested assistance or protection to further explain the matters for which the court requested the submission of documents pursuant to the provisions of the same paragraph.

①A summons for an appearance date in the proceedings for a protection order is to be made by serving a writ of summons, making an announcement of the date to a person who has appeared in connection with the case in question, or any other method that is found to be reasonable.

②If a summons for an appearance date is made other than through the service of a writ of summons or an announcement of the date to a person who has appeared in connection with the case in question, no legal sanction or other disadvantage may be attributed to a person who does not appear on that date; however, this does not apply if the relevant person has submitted a document stating that the person has received a summons for the appearance date.

Service by publication in the proceedings for a protection order is effected by the posting, in the posting area for the court, of notice that the court clerk has retained the document to be served and will deliver it to the person that is to be served at any time.

①A petition or other statement in the proceedings for a protection order (hereinafter referred to as a "petition, etc." in this Article) which, pursuant to the provisions of this Act or other laws and regulations concerning the petition, etc., is to be filed or entered with the court specified by the Supreme Court (including one to be filed or entered with that court's presiding judge, authorized judge, commissioned judge, or court clerk) by means of a paper document, etc. (meaning a paper document, a transcript, extract, authenticated copy, or duplicate of a document, a duplicate of a bill or note, or any other paper or other tangible object into which information that can be perceived with the human senses, such as characters and shapes, has been entered; hereinafter the same applies in the following paragraph and in paragraph (4)), may be filed or entered using an electronic data processing system (meaning an electronic data processing system that connects a computer (including its input and output devices; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph and in paragraph (3)) used by the court and the computer used by the person filing the petition, etc. over telecommunication lines) as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court, notwithstanding the provisions of the relevant laws and regulations.

②A petition, etc. filed pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph is deemed to have been filed by means of a paper document, etc. prescribed in the provisions of the laws and regulations relevant to the petition, etc., in which it is provided that the petition, etc. is to be filed by means of a paper document, etc., and the provisions of the laws and regulations relevant to the petition, etc. apply.

③A petition, etc. filed pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) is deemed to have arrived at the court as referred to in that paragraph when it is recorded in a file stored on the computer used by that court.

④Notwithstanding the provisions of other laws and regulations relevant to the petition, etc., in the case referred to in paragraph (1), a person filing a petition, etc. that is to bear a signature, etc. (meaning the relevant person's signature, name, or seal or other inclusion of the relevant person's name or trade name in the paper document, etc.; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) pursuant to the provisions of those laws and regulations, in lieu of affixing this signature, etc., is to take measures to clarify the name or trade name of the person filing the petition, etc., as provided for by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

⑤When a petition, etc. filed pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) has been recorded in the file prescribed in paragraph (3), the court as referred to in paragraph (1) is to output the contents of the data recorded in the file in the form of a paper document.

⑥The inspection or copying of a case record or issuance of an authenticated copy, transcript, or extract of a case record under the provisions of this Act or other laws and regulations in relation to a petition, etc. filed pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) is to be effected by means of a paper document as referred to in the preceding paragraph. The same applies to service or delivery of a document in connection with the petition, etc.

①A decision on a petition for a protection order must contain the reasons therefor; however, if the decision is reached without oral arguments, it is sufficient to indicate the gist of the reasons.

②A protection order becomes effective when the written decision is delivered to the opposite party or when the decision has been rendered on the date of oral arguments or a hearing which the opposite party attended.

③When a protection order has been issued, the court clerk is to promptly notify the Superintendent General of the Metropolitan Police Department or the chief of the prefectural police headquarters with jurisdiction over the domicile or residence of the petitioner of this fact and the details thereof.

④If a protection order has been issued, and it is known that the petitioner has received counseling or requested assistance or protection from personnel at a spousal violence counseling and support center, and the written petition contains the matters set forth in Article 12, paragraph (1), items (v), (a) through (d) or Article 12, paragraph (2), items (iii), (a) through (d) pertaining to the relevant facts, the court clerk is to promptly notify the chief of the spousal violence counseling and support center whose name is stated in the written petition (if the names of two or more spousal violence counseling and support centers are stated in the written petition, the one where the petitioner most recently received counseling or requested assistance or protection from the personnel) of the fact that the protection order has been issued and the details thereof.

⑤A protection order is not enforceable.

①An immediate appeal may be lodged against a judicial decision on a petition for a protection order.

②An immediate appeal referred to in the preceding paragraph has no impact on the validity of the protection order.

③When an immediate appeal against a ruling has been lodged, a court in charge of an appeal may order, upon a petition, the suspension of the validity of the protection order until the judicial decision on the immediate appeal against a ruling becomes effective only if a prima facie showing is made with regard to circumstances that are clearly grounds for revocation of the protection order. The court of prior instance may also order this disposition if the case records are still in its possession.

④When ordering the suspension of the validity of a stay-away order pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the court must also order the suspension of the validity of any order issued pursuant to the provisions of Article 10, paragraphs (2) through (4).

⑤No appeal may be entered against a judicial decision under the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs.

⑥When revoking a stay-away order, the court in charge of an appeal must also revoke any order issued pursuant to the provisions of Article 10, paragraphs (2) through (4).

⑦Regarding a protection order for which a notification under paragraph (4) of the preceding Article has been made, if the court has ordered the suspension of the validity of the order or the court in charge of an appeal has revoked the order pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) or (4), the court clerk is to promptly notify the chief of the spousal violence counseling and support center to which the notification was made of this fact and the details thereof.

⑧The provisions of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the cases referred to in paragraphs (3) and (4) and when the court in charge of an appeal has revoked a protection order.

①A court that has issued a protection order must revoke the order when the person who petitioned for the order has filed a petition for its revocation; the same applies if the person subject to a protection order files a petition for the revocation of the order and the court confirms that the person who petitioned for the order does not object, on or after the day on which three months have elapsed from the day on which the stay-away order became effective in the case of a stay-away order or an order under the provisions of Article 10, paragraphs (2) through (4), or on or after the day two weeks have elapsed from the day on which the eviction order became effective in the case of an eviction order.

②The provisions of paragraph (6) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to cases where the court that issued a stay-away order revokes the stay-away order pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

③A person subject to a paragraph (3) order may file a petition for revocation of the paragraph (3) order with the court that issued the paragraph (3) order on the grounds that a requirement prescribed in Article 10, paragraph (3) is no longer being met on or after the day on which six months have elapsed from the day on which the stay-away order became effective or the day on which three months have elapsed from the day on which the paragraph (3) order became effective, whichever comes later.

④When rendering a judicial decision on the revocation referred to in the preceding paragraph, the court must hear the opinion of the person who filed the paragraph (3) order pertaining to the revocation.

⑤An immediate appeal may be lodged against a judicial decision on a petition for revocation referred to in paragraph (3).

⑥A judicial decision on the revocation referred to in paragraph (3) does not become effective until it becomes final and binding.

⑦The provisions of Article 15, paragraph (3) and paragraph (7) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the cases referred to in paragraphs (1) through (3).

①When an eviction order has been issued and a subsequent petition is filed for an eviction order on the same grounds of physical violence or life-threatening intimidation, etc. as for the petition for the issued eviction order, the court is to issue the subsequent eviction order only where the victim who intends to move from the residence where the victim and spouse share a principal place of daily activity is unable to complete the move within the term of the issued order due to grounds not attributable to the victim, or where there are other circumstances that cause the court to find it necessary to issue another eviction order; however, the court may choose not to issue the eviction order if it finds that issuing the eviction order would cause extreme hindrance to the spouse's daily life.

②With regard to the application of the provisions of Article 12 to cases of filing a subsequent petition referred to in the preceding paragraph, the term "matters" in the main clause in the parts other than the items of Article 12, paragraph (2) is deemed replaced with "matters and the circumstances referred to in the main clause of Article 18, paragraph (1)", "the matters" in Article 12, paragraph (2), item (iii) is deemed to be replaced with "the matters and the circumstances referred to in the main clause of Article 18, paragraph (1)", and " the matters" in Article 12, paragraph (3) is deemed to be replaced with "the matters and the circumstances referred to in the main clause of Article 18, paragraph (1)".

With regard to procedures concerning a protection order, the party may submit a request to the court clerk for the inspection or a copy of case records, the delivery of case records or a transcript or extract thereof, or the issuance of a certificate of matters concerning the case; however, this does not apply to the opposite party until the date for oral arguments or a hearing summoning the opposite party with regard to the petition for the protection order has been designated or until the protection order has been served to the opposite party.

Beyond what is provided for in this Act, any matters necessary for procedures concerning a protection order are provided by the Rules of the Supreme Court.

①Persons with duties related to the protection of victims, investigations, and judicial decisions pertaining to spousal violence (referred to as "related officials" in the following paragraph) must, in the performance of their duties, take into consideration the psychological and physical circumstances of the victims and the environment, etc. in which they are placed, respect their human rights regardless of their nationality, disabilities, etc., and give due consideration to ensuring their safety and protecting their privacy.

②The national government and local public entities are to conduct training and enlightenment activities necessary to deepen the related officials' understanding concerning the human rights of victims, the characteristics of spousal violence, etc.

The national government and local public entities are to strive for education and enlightenment activities to deepen citizens' understanding concerning the prevention of spousal violence.

In order to contribute to the prevention of spousal violence and the protection of victims, the national government and local public entities are to endeavor to promote research and study concerning methods, etc. for guidance for the rehabilitation of perpetrators and for the restoration of the physical and psychological health of victims, as well as to foster and enhance the qualifications of personnel related to the protection of victims.

The national government and local public entities are to endeavor to provide necessary assistance to private-sector organizations that are engaged in activities to prevent spousal violence and protect victims.

①Prefectures must pay the expenses set forth in the following items:

②Municipalities must pay expenses needed for the services provided by women's counseling and support officers assigned by municipalities based on the provisions of Article 4.

①Pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Order, the national government is to bear one-half of the amount of the expenses listed in items (i) and (ii) of paragraph (1) of the preceding Article that have been paid by prefectures pursuant to the provisions of the same paragraph.

②The national government may, within budgetary limits, provide subsidies for up to one-half of the amount of the expenses set forth in the following items:

A person who violates a protection order (including those under the provisions of Article 10, paragraphs (1) through (4) and Article 10-2 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding Article following the deemed replacement of terms; the same applies in Article 31) is punished by imprisonment for not more than 2 years or a fine of not more than 2,000,000 yen.

A person who has divulged a secret in violation of Article 3, paragraph (5) or Article 5-3 is punished by imprisonment for not more than 1 year or a fine of not more than 500,000 yen.

A person who has filed a petition for a protection order with a written petition containing false records with regard to matters to be stated pursuant to the provisions of Article 12, paragraph (1) or (2) (including when the provisions are applied following the deemed replacement of terms pursuant to the provisions of Article 18, paragraph (2)) or the provisions of Article 12, paragraph (1) or (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 28-2 following the deemed replacement of terms (including when the provisions are applied following the deemed replacement of terms pursuant to the provisions of Article 18, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis to Article 28-2) is punished by a civil fine of not more than 100,000 yen.