When making a ruling of permission for the change of a surname or the kana reading of a surname, the family court must hear statements from a person (limited to a person of 15 years of age or older) who is in the same family register as the petitioner.
家庭裁判所は、氏又は氏の振り仮名の変更についての許可の審判をする場合には、申立人と同一戸籍内にある者（十五歳以上のものに限る。）の陳述を聴かなければならない。
When an appeal is filed against a disposition made by a mayor of a municipality (including a special ward mayor; with respect to a designated city set forth in Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947), a ward mayor or administratively consolidated ward mayor; hereinafter the same applies in this Section) on a family register-related case, the family court must hear the opinion of the mayor of the municipality.
家庭裁判所は、戸籍事件についての市町村長（特別区の区長を含むものとし、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第二百五十二条の十九第一項の指定都市にあっては、区長又は総合区長とする。以下この節において同じ。）の処分に対する不服の申立てがあった場合には、当該市町村長の意見を聴かなければならない。
family register
戸籍
The public record of who a person is related to by birth, marriage and adoption. One is made for each married couple and their children who share their surname, where they set their registered domicile (本籍); when a new register is made for a person married to a foreign national (外国人) or with no spouse, it is made for that person and their children who share their surname (Family Register Act, Article 6). The mayor of the municipality (in Tokyo's special wards and the wards of designated cities, the ward mayor) administers this work unless the Act provides otherwise (Articles 1 and 4). Besides the registered domicile, it records for each person their name and its reading, date of birth, why and when they entered the register, their parents and, for an adopted child, their adoptive parents, whether they are husband and wife, and the register they came from, among other things (Article 13). Entries are made on a notification (届出) — of a birth, a marriage, a divorce or a death, for example (Articles 49, 74, 76 and 86) — or on a report, an application, a court decision and a few other grounds (Article 15). When a marriage between a Japanese national and a foreign national is notified, a new family register is made for the Japanese national, not for the couple, unless the Japanese national already heads a register of their own (Article 6 and Article 16, paragraph (3)). A foreign national who lives in a municipality as a mid- to long-term resident (中長期在留者), a special permanent resident (特別永住者) or in one of a few other categories is recorded in that municipality's resident record (住民票): instead of the family register entry a Japanese resident's record carries, it states their nationality, and for a mid- to long-term resident their status of residence (在留資格) and period of stay (Residential Basic Book Act, Article 30-45). A foreign national in none of those categories is not recorded there (Article 39).
Written by AI using Family Register Act, Arts. 1, 4, 6, 13, 15, 16, 49, 74, 76, 86 and Residential Basic Book Act, Arts. 7, 30-45, 39 as a reference.
special ward
特別区
A ward (区) of a metropolis (都) (Local Autonomy Act, Article 281, paragraph (1)). Today the only special wards are the 23 wards of Tokyo. A special ward is a basic local government in its own right: it does, in general, the work a city, town or village (市町村) does elsewhere, apart from what the metropolis does across all the wards as one (Article 281-2, paragraph (2)). Where a law or order gives a city (市) work to do, its provisions on that work also apply to a special ward, for the work the ward does (Article 281, paragraph (2), and Article 283, paragraph (2)); a Cabinet Order (政令) can make special rules where they cannot apply as they stand (Article 283, paragraph (3)).
Written by AI using Local Autonomy Act, Arts. 281, 281-2, 283 as a reference.