Chapter II Ships' Master
第二章 船長
Article 708Master's Authority to Act as Agent
第七百八条（船長の代理権）
Outside the port of registration, the master has the authority to perform any and all acts in and out of court as are necessary for a voyage on behalf of the shipowner, except for the following acts:
船長は、船籍港外においては、次に掲げる行為を除き、船舶所有者に代わって航海のために必要な一切の裁判上又は裁判外の行為をする権限を有する。
borrowing money.
借財をすること。
A limitation on the master's authority to act as agent may not be asserted against a third party in good faith.
船長の代理権に加えた制限は、善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
Article 709Appointment of Proxy by Master
第七百九条（船長による職務代行者の選任）
If the master is unable to command the ship due to a compelling reason, the master may appoint another person to perform the master's duties, unless otherwise provided for by laws and regulations. In this case, the master is responsible to the shipowner for the appointment.
船長は、やむを得ない事由により自ら船舶を指揮することができない場合には、法令に別段の定めがあるときを除き、自己に代わって船長の職務を行うべき者を選任することができる。この場合において、船長は、船舶所有者に対してその選任についての責任を負う。
Article 710Keeping of Equipment Inventory
第七百十条（属具目録の備置き）
The master must keep the equipment inventory on board the ship.
船長は、属具目録を船内に備え置かなければならない。
Article 711Handling of Cargo by Master
第七百十一条（船長による積荷の処分）
While a ship is at sea, the master must handle cargo on behalf of persons with an interest in the cargo in a way that is in their best interests, when it is necessary to do so in order to benefit their interests.
船長は、航海中に積荷の利害関係人の利益のため必要があるときは、利害関係人に代わり、最もその利益に適合する方法によって、その積荷の処分をしなければならない。
If a person with an interest in cargo incurs an obligation in connection with that cargo due to the handling referred to in the preceding paragraph, the interested person may be released from the liability for that obligation by transferring its rights in the cargo to the obligee; provided, however, that this does not apply if there is negligence on the part of the interested person.
積荷の利害関係人は、前項の処分によりその積荷について債務を負担したときは、当該債務に係る債権者にその積荷について有する権利を移転して、その責任を免れることができる。ただし、利害関係人に過失があったときは、この限りでない。
Article 712Using Cargo to Continue Voyage
第七百十二条（航海継続のための積荷の使用）
The master may use the cargo for a voyage if this is necessary in order to continue the voyage.
船長は、航海を継続するため必要があるときは、積荷を航海の用に供することができる。
The provisions of Article 576, paragraphs (1) and (2) apply mutatis mutandis to the amount of compensation payable by the shipowner in the case referred to in the preceding paragraph. In this case, the term "delivered" in paragraph (1) of that Article is deemed to be replaced with "discharged".
第五百七十六条第一項及び第二項の規定は、前項の場合において船舶所有者が支払うべき償金の額について準用する。この場合において、同条第一項中「引渡し」とあるのは、「陸揚げ」と読み替えるものとする。
Article 713Liability of Master
第七百十三条（船長の責任）
The master is liable to compensate for loss or damage that the crew members cause to others intentionally or negligently in the course of performing their duties; provided, however, that this does not apply if the master proves that the master did not neglect to exercise due care in supervision of the crew members.
船長は、海員がその職務を行うについて故意又は過失によって他人に加えた損害を賠償する責任を負う。ただし、船長が海員の監督について注意を怠らなかったことを証明したときは、この限りでない。
Article 714Master's Duty to Report
第七百十四条（船長の報告義務）
The master must report material information about a voyage to the shipowner without delay.
船長は、遅滞なく、航海に関する重要な事項を船舶所有者に報告しなければならない。
Article 715Dismissal of Master
第七百十五条（船長の解任）
A shipowner may dismiss the master at any time.
船舶所有者は、いつでも、船長を解任することができる。
The master who is dismissed pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph may demand compensation from the shipowner for loss or damage arising from the dismissal, unless there are reasonable grounds for the dismissal.
前項の規定により解任された船長は、その解任について正当な理由がある場合を除き、船舶所有者に対し、解任によって生じた損害の賠償を請求することができる。
If the master is one of the part owners of the ship and is subject to involuntary dismissal, the master may demand that the other part owners buy out the master's share at a reasonable price.
船長が船舶共有者である場合において、その意に反して解任されたときは、船長は、他の船舶共有者に対し、相当の対価で自己の持分を買い取ることを請求することができる。
Before seeking to make the demand under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the master must issue notice of this to the other part owners or to the ship's manager without delay.
船長は、前項の規定による請求をしようとするときは、遅滞なく、他の船舶共有者又は船舶管理人に対してその旨の通知を発しなければならない。
No English for this paragraph yet.
削除
ship
「船舶」
In the part on maritime commerce (except Article 747), a ship used for navigation for the purpose of commercial transactions (商行為), other than rowboats and other boats driven only or mainly by oars.
Defined inArticle 684, paragraph (1)
assert against
対抗
To be able to rely on a right, or on a fact about it, against someone who is not a party to it. Acquiring, losing or changing a right in rem (物権) in land or a building cannot be asserted against third parties until it is registered (登記) (Civil Code, Article 177), and a registered lease of land or a building can be asserted against a person who acquires a right in rem in it, such as a buyer, and against other third parties (Article 605). The Act on Land and Building Leases lets a tenant do without registering the lease itself: a right to use land for a building (借地権) can be asserted against third parties once the tenant owns a registered building on the land (Article 10, paragraph (1)), and a building lease takes effect against anyone who later acquires a right in rem in the building, such as a new owner, once the building has been handed over (Article 31). Some rules protect only a third party who did not know: a rescission for fraud cannot be asserted against a third party who did not know of the fraud and was not careless in not knowing (善意でかつ過失がない) (Civil Code, Article 96, paragraph (3)).
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 96, 177, 605 and Act on Land and Building Leases, Arts. 10, 31 as a reference.