Every term this law . Its definitions bind only this law — each entry says where the definition applies and links to the sentence that settles it. 91 terms: 37 with the Ministry of Justice's English, 54 in our translation, marked as such.
運送人
A person whose business is undertaking land, marine or air transportation.
陸上運送、海上運送又は航空運送の引受けをすることを業とする者
船舶
In the part on maritime commerce (except Article 747), a ship used for navigation for the purpose of commercial transactions (商行為), other than rowboats and other boats driven only or mainly by oars.
商行為をする目的で航海の用に供する船舶（端舟その他ろかいのみをもって運転し、又は主としてろかいをもって運転する舟を除く。）
商人
A person who, in their own name, carries on commercial transactions (商行為) as a business.
自己の名をもって商行為をすることを業とする者
This Act as it stood before Act No. 79 of 2001 amended it.
The date, set by Cabinet Order (政令) within one year of promulgation, on which the provisions named in the proviso to Article 1 of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 88 of 2004 come into effect — among them Article 2 of that Act, which amended the Commercial Code.
This Act as amended by Act No. 79 of 2001.
A person whose business is storing goods in a warehouse for others.
他人のために物品を倉庫に保管することを業とする者
This Act as it stood before Article 2 of Act No. 88 of 2004 amended it.
The date Act No. 29 of 2018, the amending Act these supplementary provisions (附則) belong to, comes into effect.
仲立人
A person whose business is acting as intermediary in commercial transactions (商行為) between other people.
他人間の商行為の媒介をすることを業とする者
This Act as amended by Act No. 44 of 2002.
A person whose business is selling or buying goods in their own name on behalf of others.
自己の名をもって他人のために物品の販売又は買入れをすることを業とする者
海上保険契約
A non-life insurance contract (損害保険契約) under which an insurer that underwrites insurance as a business promises to cover loss that may arise from an accident in connection with a voyage.
損害保険契約のうち、保険者（営業として保険の引受けを行うものに限る。以下この章において同じ。）が航海に関する事故によって生ずることのある損害を塡補することを約するもの
運送取扱人
A person whose business is arranging carriage of goods in their own name on behalf of others.
自己の名をもって物品運送の取次ぎをすることを業とする者
The Act as amended by the amendment these supplementary provisions belong to.
この法律による改正後の商法
Short name for the law on limited liability companies (有限会社法) as amended by Act No. 44 of 2002.
A statutory lien (先取特権) on a ship and its equipment held by a person with one of the claims listed in Article 842 — claims for death or injury in the ship's operation, salvage fees or general average contributions, port and pilotage charges, costs needed to continue the voyage, and crew wages.
This Act as amended by Act No. 149 of 2001.
This Act as amended by Article 1 of Act No. 29 of 2018.
A person, not an employee of the merchant (商人), who acts as agent or intermediary for a merchant in transactions belonging to that merchant's ordinary line of business.
商人のためにその平常の営業の部類に属する取引の代理又は媒介をする者で、その商人の使用人でないもの
運送品の滅失等
Loss of, damage to, or delay in the arrival of goods being carried.
運送品の滅失、損傷又は延着
This Act as it stood before Act No. 44 of 2002 amended it.
閉鎖期間
A fixed period set under Article 224-3, paragraph (1) of the Commercial Code as it stood before Act No. 88 of 2004 amended it; where one began before that Act's partial effective date (一部施行日) and ends after it, the company may leave its shareholder register (株主名簿) unchanged until it ends.
A person whose business is dealing with customers at premises where customers gather, such as an inn, restaurant or bathhouse, and who is liable for loss of or damage to goods customers leave in their care unless they prove it was caused by force majeure.
A contract of carriage by sea whose object is individual items of goods, under which the carrier must load and stow the goods it receives from the shipper.
個々の運送品を目的とする運送契約
航海傭船契約
A contract of carriage whose object is all or part of a ship.
船舶の全部又は一部を目的とする運送契約
In the part on maritime commerce, a ship's cargo or anything else on board the ship.
貨物保険契約
A marine insurance policy (海上保険契約) whose insured object is cargo.
In the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 29 of 2018, the Commercial Code as it stood before Article 1 of that Act amended it.
Carriage of goods or passengers by a ship as defined in Article 684, including a non-seagoing vessel (非航海船) as defined in Article 747.
第六百八十四条に規定する船舶（第七百四十七条に規定する非航海船を含む。）による物品又は旅客の運送
A measure taken with a ship or its cargo (積荷等) to avoid a danger common to both, whose resulting damage and costs are general average (共同海損).
This Act as amended by Act No. 83 of 1966.
This Act as it stood before Act No. 128 of 2001 amended it.
The law on limited liability companies (有限会社法) as it stood before Act No. 44 of 2002 amended it.
A ship that set sail before Act No. 29 of 2018, which amended the Commercial Code, came into effect; for that voyage, the former rules on matters such as the master's agency continue to apply.
The document a broker (仲立人) must draw up, sign or put their name and seal to, and give to each party once a transaction it brokered is concluded, stating each party's name and the date and gist of the transaction.
Carriage of goods or passengers by an aircraft as defined in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the Civil Aeronautics Act (Act No. 231 of 1952).
航空法（昭和二十七年法律第二百三十一号）第二条第一項に規定する航空機による物品又は旅客の運送
The total a consignee must pay a carrier by sea on receiving the goods: the freight, incidental costs and advances, plus the salvage fee and general average (共同海損) contribution payable according to the goods' value.
A ship used for commercial transactions (商行為) that navigates only waters other than the sea, such as lakes, rivers and harbours, other than rowboats and other boats driven only or mainly by oars.
全部航海傭船契約
A voyage charter contract (航海傭船契約) for the whole of a ship.
船舶の全部を目的とする航海傭船契約
A bill of lading (船荷証券) stating that the goods have been received, which the carrier or master must issue on the shipper's or charterer's request once it has received the goods, even before they are loaded.
救助者
A person who rescues a ship or its cargo (積荷等) that has met with a maritime casualty, and who may claim a salvage fee for the result even without a contract.
汚染対処船舶救助従事者
A person engaged in rescuing a ship that met with a maritime casualty who takes measures to prevent or reduce serious harm from oil or other substances the ship discharged into the sea, and who may claim special compensation from the shipowner.
The Act as it stood before the amendment these supplementary provisions deal with.
従前の商法
The valuation of monetary claims, bonds and other debt securities, and shares and other equity interests at the account closing day (決算期) of a business year; where the business year began before the amendments named in the proviso to Article 1 of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 125 of 1999 came into effect, the former rules continue to apply to it.
Short name for the law on special provisions of the Commercial Code for the procedure of cancelling shares (株式の消却の手続に関する商法の特例に関する法律), which Act No. 79 of 2001 abolished.
The last account closing day (決算期) that arrived before Act No. 79 of 2001 came into effect, at whose annual shareholders' meeting a stock company may have resolved to buy back its own shares.
Short name for the earlier Act Partially Amending the Commercial Code, etc. (商法等の一部を改正する法律) whose supplementary provisions (附則), Article 16, paragraph (1), set the number of shares making one unit, as it stood before Act No. 79 of 2001 amended it.
A creditor of a merchant who transfers their business, whose claim the transferee does not take over; if the business was transferred knowing it would harm such creditors, they may claim payment from the transferee up to the value of the property it took over.
商業帳簿
The accounting books and balance sheets a merchant (商人) must prepare, accurately and in a timely manner, for the property used in their business.
会計帳簿及び貸借対照表
A method using a computer network or other information and communications technology, of a kind set by Ministry of Justice Order (法務省令) — in Article 571, a way a shipper may give the carrier the details of an invoice (送り状) instead of the paper document.
電子情報処理組織を使用する方法その他の情報通信の技術を利用する方法であって法務省令で定めるもの
The freight, incidental costs and advances a carrier is to receive for goods it carries, until paid which it may keep hold of those goods.
A bill of lading (船荷証券) stating that the goods have been loaded, which the carrier or master must issue on the shipper's or charterer's request without delay after loading.
船舶保険契約
A marine insurance policy (海上保険契約) whose insured object is a ship.
危険
In the chapter on marine insurance, the possibility that loss a marine insurance policy (海上保険契約) is to cover will occur — the matter on which the policyholder or insured must disclose important facts when the contract is made.
The Act as it stood before the amendment these supplementary provisions deal with.
The law on limited liability companies (有限会社法) as it stood before Act No. 79 of 2001 amended it.
The first account closing day (決算期) to arrive after Act No. 79 of 2001 came into effect, until whose annual shareholders' meeting ends a stock company may still buy back its own shares within the limits set under the former rules.
This Act as amended by Act No. 128 of 2001.
閉鎖期間満了時
The time a closing period (閉鎖期間) ends, until which the company may leave its shareholder register (株主名簿) unchanged.
送り状
A document stating the kind of goods, their volume or weight or the number of packages and their marks, the kind of packing, the shipper's and consignee's names, and the places of dispatch and destination, which a shipper must give the carrier on request.
The storage fees, advances and other costs relating to goods deposited with a warehouse operator (倉庫営業者), which the operator may claim only once the goods leave the warehouse.
A bill of lading (船荷証券) or other document good enough to assess the value of cargo; where it states a value lower than the cargo's real value, damage to the cargo in general average (共同海損) is measured by the value it states.
In Article 825, the details of a cargo insurance policy (貨物保険契約) — the insurance period, insured amount, insured object, agreed insured value, premium or how it is paid, the ship's name, or the cargo's place of dispatch, port of loading, port of discharge or destination — which need not be written in the policy document where the contract sets how they are to be decided.
一定の時期
The fixed time referred to in Article 33 of the Commercial Code as amended by Act No. 21 of 1974 — for a company, its account closing day (決算期) — up to the first of which after that Act came into effect a merchant's commercial books (商業帳簿) and accounts stay under the former rules.
会社にあつては、決算期
信用協同組合連合会
In Articles 2 and 3 of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 125 of 1999, a federation of cooperatives that carries on the business set out in Article 9-9, paragraph (1), item (i) of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act (Act No. 181 of 1949).
中小企業等協同組合法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十一号）第九条の九第一項第一号の事業を行う協同組合連合会
相互会社
In Articles 2 and 3 of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 125 of 1999, a mutual company as defined in Article 2, paragraph (5) of the Insurance Business Act.
保険業法第二条第五項に規定する相互会社
The provisions under which a stock company buys shares after Act No. 79 of 2001 comes into effect: Article 3, paragraphs (1) and (4) of that Act's supplementary provisions (附則), Article 210-3, paragraph (1), main clause of the Commercial Code as it stood before that Act amended it (kept in force by paragraph (3)), and Article 3, paragraph (1) of the former special law on cancelling shares (旧消却特例法), applied under Article 24, paragraph (1) of those supplementary provisions.
Bonds issued under Article 341-8, paragraph (1) of the Commercial Code as it stood before Act No. 128 of 2001 amended it.
旧商法第三百四十一条ノ八第一項の規定に基づき発行する社債
Bonds issued under Article 341-2, paragraph (1) of the Commercial Code as it stood before Act No. 128 of 2001 amended it.
旧商法第三百四十一条ノ二第一項の規定に基づき発行する社債
This Act as it stood before Act No. 149 of 2001 amended it.
This Act as it stood before Act No. 134 of 2003 amended it.
In Article 8 of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 76 of 2004, the Commercial Code as it stood before Article 9 of that Act amended it.
This Act as it stood before Article 1 of Act No. 87 of 2004 amended it.
Short name for the Act on Investment Trusts and Investment Corporations as it stood before Article 13 of Act No. 87 of 2004 amended it.
物品の販売等
Selling, leasing or similar dealings in goods, which an employee of a store run for that purpose is treated as authorized to carry out for the goods in the store.
販売、賃貸その他これらに類する行為
Short name for the law on special provisions of the Commercial Code for the auditing of stock companies and other matters (株式会社の監査等に関する商法の特例に関する法律).
In Article 2 of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 128 of 2001, a stock company whose articles of incorporation were certified before that Act came into effect and that is formed after it.
Short name for the law on special provisions of the Commercial Code for the auditing of stock companies and other matters (株式会社の監査等に関する商法の特例に関する法律).
The date Act No. 88 of 2004, the amending Act these supplementary provisions (附則) belong to, comes into effect.
In Article 36, paragraph (19) of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 88 of 2004, a company whose articles of incorporation were certified before the partial effective date (一部施行日) of that Act and that is formed after it.
The date Act No. 154 of 2004, the amending Act these supplementary provisions (附則) belong to, comes into effect.
A freight forwarding contract concluded before Act No. 29 of 2018, which amended the Commercial Code, came into effect; the former rules continue to apply to it and to the freight forwarder's liability in tort for the goods.
A freight transportation contract concluded before Act No. 29 of 2018, which amended the Commercial Code, came into effect; the former rules continue to apply to it and to the carrier's liability in tort for the goods.
A passenger transportation contract concluded before Act No. 29 of 2018, which amended the Commercial Code, came into effect; the former rules continue to apply to it and to the carrier's liability in tort for the baggage, though not to liability for a passenger's death or injury arising on or after that date.
A contract of bailment (寄託契約) concluded before Act No. 29 of 2018, which amended the Commercial Code, came into effect; the former rules continue to apply to it.
Short name for the Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc. (Act No. 45 of 2026).