Except as otherwise provided for in this Code, judgments must be rendered on the basis of oral arguments.
判決は、この法律に特別の定のある場合を除いては、口頭弁論に基いてこれをしなければならない。
Rulings or orders are not necessarily rendered on the basis of the oral arguments.
決定又は命令は、口頭弁論に基いてこれをすることを要しない。
A court or a judge may, when it is necessary to make a ruling or an order, conduct an examination of the facts.
決定又は命令をするについて必要がある場合には、事実の取調をすることができる。
The examination prescribed in the preceding paragraph may be made by a judge who is a member of a panel, or may be delegated to a judge of a district court, family court or summary court.
前項の取調は、合議体の構成員にこれをさせ、又は地方裁判所、家庭裁判所若しくは簡易裁判所の裁判官にこれを嘱託することができる。
summary court
簡易裁判所
One of the four kinds of lower court (下級裁判所) beneath the Supreme Court, with the high courts (高等裁判所), the district courts (地方裁判所) and the family courts (家庭裁判所) (Courts Act, Article 1, and Article 2, paragraph (1)). A summary court has jurisdiction at first instance over civil claims whose value does not exceed 1.4 million yen, other than claims in administrative cases, and over criminal cases for offences punishable by no more than a fine or for which a fine is one of the penalties the law allows, among others (Article 33, paragraph (1)). A petition for court mediation goes, unless a special rule says otherwise, to the summary court for the place where the other party lives or has its business office or other office, or to a district court or summary court the parties agree on (Civil Mediation Act, Article 3, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Courts Act, Arts. 1, 2, 33 and Civil Mediation Act, Art. 3 as a reference.