The statute of limitations is completed upon the lapse of the following time periods with regard to crimes causing the death of a person and punishable with imprisonment:
時効は、人を死亡させた罪であつて拘禁刑に当たるものについては、次に掲げる期間を経過することによつて完成する。
30 years for crimes punishable with imprisonment for life;
無期拘禁刑に当たる罪については三十年
20 years for crimes punishable with imprisonment whose maximum term is 20 years;
長期二十年の拘禁刑に当たる罪については二十年
10 years for crimes other than the crimes provided for in the preceding two items.
前二号に掲げる罪以外の罪については十年
The statute of limitations is completed upon the lapse of the following time periods with regard to crimes other than those causing the death of a person and punishable with imprisonment or a greater punishment:
時効は、人を死亡させた罪であつて拘禁刑以上の刑に当たるもの以外の罪については、次に掲げる期間を経過することによつて完成する。
25 years for offenses punishable by the death penalty;
死刑に当たる罪については二十五年
15 years for offenses punishable with imprisonment for life;
無期拘禁刑に当たる罪については十五年
10 years for offenses punishable with imprisonment whose maximum term is 15 years or more;
長期十五年以上の拘禁刑に当たる罪については十年
7 years for offenses punishable with imprisonment whose maximum term is less than 15 years;
長期十五年未満の拘禁刑に当たる罪については七年
5 years for offenses punishable with imprisonment whose maximum term is less than 10 years;
長期十年未満の拘禁刑に当たる罪については五年
3 years for offenses punishable with imprisonment whose maximum term is less than 5 years or with a fine;
長期五年未満の拘禁刑又は罰金に当たる罪については三年
1 year for offenses punishable with penal detention or with a petty fine.
拘留又は科料に当たる罪については一年
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the statute of limitations for the crimes set forth in each of the following items is completed upon the lapse of the period prescribed in that item.
前項の規定にかかわらず、次の各号に掲げる罪についての時効は、当該各号に定める期間を経過することによつて完成する。
Crimes under Article 181 of the Penal Code (limited to cases of causing injury to a person) or Article 241, paragraph (1) of that Code, or crimes under Article 4 of the Act on the Prevention and Disposition of Robbery and Theft (Act No. 9 of 1930) (limited to the part pertaining to crimes under that paragraph): 20 years;
刑法第百八十一条の罪（人を負傷させたときに限る。）若しくは同法第二百四十一条第一項の罪又は盗犯等の防止及び処分に関する法律（昭和五年法律第九号）第四条の罪（同項の罪に係る部分に限る。） 二十年
Crimes under Article 177 or Article 179, paragraph (2) of the Penal Code, or attempts of these crimes: 15 years;
Crimes under Article 176 or Article 179, paragraph (1) of the Penal Code, or attempts of these crimes, or crimes under Article 60, paragraph (1) of the Child Welfare Act (limited to those pertaining to causing a person to engage in obscene conduct with oneself as the opponent): 12 years.
Notwithstanding the preceding two paragraphs, for the crimes set forth in the items of the preceding paragraph, if the victim was under 18 years of age at the time the criminal act ceased, the statute of limitations is completed upon the lapse of the period specified in each of those items with the addition of a period equivalent to the period from the time the criminal act ceased until the day on which the victim reaches 18 years of age.
Read this with the articles around it
fine
罰金
A criminal punishment of paying money to the state, of 10,000 yen or more, or less where it is reduced (Penal Code, Article 15). It ranks below imprisonment (拘禁刑) and above penal detention (拘留) and a petty fine (科料) (Articles 9 and 10, paragraph (1)). A person who cannot pay it in full is held in a workhouse (労役場) for one day to two years, or up to three years where fines are imposed together, a period set when the sentence is passed (Article 18, paragraphs (1), (3) and (4)); not within thirty days of the sentence becoming final without the person's consent (paragraph (5)). If it is not enforced for three years after the sentence becomes final, the person is released from it by prescription (Articles 31 and 32, item (v)); the three years do not run while its execution is suspended under law or the person is abroad, and an act of execution interrupts them (Articles 33 and 34, paragraph (2)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 15, 18, 31 to 34 as a reference.
imprisonment
拘禁刑
The punishment of being held in a penal institution (刑事施設), for life or for a fixed term of one month to twenty years (Penal Code, Article 12, paragraphs (1) and (2)); a fixed term can be raised to thirty years where the punishment is aggravated, or cut below one month where it is reduced (Article 14, paragraph (2)). To help the person reform and rehabilitate, they may be made to do work or given guidance (Article 12, paragraph (3)). It ranks below the death penalty and above a fine (罰金) among the principal punishments (Articles 9 and 10, paragraph (1)). It replaced imprisonment with work (懲役) and imprisonment without work (禁錮) when the Act Partially Amending the Penal Code, etc. (Act No. 67 of 2022) came into force (Act No. 67 of 2022, Article 2), and a person sentenced to either is treated, for the rules on a person's qualifications, as sentenced to imprisonment for the same term (Act No. 68 of 2022, Article 443, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 12, 14, Act No. 67 of 2022, Art. 2 and Act No. 68 of 2022, Art. 443 as a reference.
penal detention
拘留
A short criminal punishment of being held in a penal institution (刑事施設) for one day to less than thirty days (Penal Code, Article 16, paragraph (1)). As with imprisonment (拘禁刑), the person may be made to do work or given guidance to help them reform (paragraph (2)). It ranks below a fine (罰金) and above a petty fine (科料) (Articles 9 and 10, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 16 as a reference.
petty fine
科料
The lightest criminal punishment: paying 1,000 yen or more but less than 10,000 yen (Penal Code, Articles 9, 10 and 17). A person who cannot pay it in full is held in a workhouse (労役場) for one day to thirty days (Article 18, paragraph (2)).
Written by AI using Penal Code, Arts. 9, 10, 17, 18 as a reference.