①A medical practitioner who seeks to engage in medical practice must undergo clinical training for a period of two years or more at a hospital designated by the prefectural governor or at a hospital in a foreign country designated by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare.

②A designation pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph is made upon application by the establisher of the hospital that seeks to conduct clinical training.

③The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare or the prefectural governor must not make a designation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) unless the Minister or governor finds that the hospital that is the subject of the application under the preceding paragraph satisfies the following standards:

④When the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare or the prefectural governor subsequently finds that it is inappropriate for the hospital designated pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) to conduct clinical training, the Minister or governor may revoke the designation.

⑤When the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare seeks to make a designation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or to revoke a designation pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, or seeks to prepare a draft for the establishment, amendment or abolition of the Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare set forth in paragraph (3), item (iv), the Minister must hear the opinions of the Medical Ethics Council in advance.

⑥When a prefectural governor seeks to make a designation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or to revoke a designation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4), the governor must hear in advance the opinions of the regional medical care measures council prescribed in Article 30-23, paragraph (1) of the Medical Care Act (Act No. 205 of 1948) (hereinafter referred to as the "regional medical care measures council").

⑦When a prefectural governor has heard the opinions of the regional medical care measures council pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the governor must endeavor to reflect those opinions in making a designation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) or in revoking a designation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (4).

①The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare is to, each fiscal year, determine the quota of clinical trainees (meaning medical practitioners who undergo clinical training at clinical training hospitals (meaning hospitals designated by the prefectural governor as prescribed in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article; the same applies in paragraph (3) and paragraph (1) of the following Article); hereinafter the same applies in this Article and Article 16-8) for each prefecture.

②When the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare seeks to determine the quota of clinical trainees pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the Minister must hear the opinions of the Medical Ethics Council in advance.

③A prefectural governor is to, each fiscal year, within the scope of the quota of clinical trainees for each prefecture determined by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), determine the quota of clinical trainees for each clinical training hospital located within the area of the prefecture.

④When a prefectural governor seeks to determine the quota of clinical trainees pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the governor must give consideration to the status of the number of medical practitioners in the areas where securing medical practitioners should be particularly pursued, as prescribed in Article 5-2, paragraph (1) of the Medical Care Act.

⑤When a prefectural governor seeks to determine the quota of clinical trainees pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3), the governor must notify the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare of its content in advance.

⑥When a prefectural governor seeks to give the notification pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the governor must hear the opinions of the regional medical care measures council in advance.

⑦When a prefectural governor has heard the opinions of the regional medical care measures council pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the governor must endeavor to reflect those opinions in determining the quota of clinical trainees pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3).

①When a prefectural governor finds it necessary to ensure the proper implementation of the clinical training operations, the governor may request the administrator or establisher of a clinical training hospital to submit a report on its operations, or may give necessary instructions to the administrator or establisher regarding its operations.

②When the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare finds it necessary to ensure the proper implementation of the clinical training operations, the Minister may request the administrator or establisher of a hospital designated by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare prescribed in Article 16-2, paragraph (1) to submit a report on its operations, or to take necessary measures.

A medical practitioner who is undergoing clinical training must devote themselves to the clinical training and endeavor to improve their qualities.

①Upon application by a person who has completed the clinical training pursuant to the provisions of the Article 16-2, paragraph (1), the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare must register the fact that the person has completed clinical training in the register of medical practitioners.

②When the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare has made a registration as set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Minister delivers a registration certificate for completion of clinical training.

A person seeking to be registered as set forth in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article and a person seeking to be issued a replacement or redelivery of the registration certificate for completion of clinical training must pay the amount of fees that is specified by Cabinet Order in consideration of the actual costs.

Beyond what is provided for in this Section, necessary matters related to designation as set forth in Article 16-2, paragraph (1), determination of the quota of clinical trainees as set forth in Article 16-3, paragraph (1) and paragraph (3), registration in the register of medical practitioners as set forth in Article 16-6, paragraph (1), and delivery, replacement, and redelivery of the registration certificate for completion of clinical training as set forth in paragraph (2) of the same Article are specified by Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

The national government, prefectures, administrators of hospitals or clinics, universities, academic associations related to medical science and medical techniques, associations of persons with knowledge and experience regarding medical care, and other persons concerned must endeavor to cooperate with each other while maintaining mutual collaboration, with an appropriate division of roles, so that training of medical practitioners is conducted in consideration of its impact on securing the medical care provision system (meaning the medical care provision system prescribed in Article 30-3, paragraph (1) of the Medical Care Act; the same applies in paragraph (1) of the following Article).

①When an academic association related to medical science and medical techniques or any other association specified by Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare seeks to establish or change a plan concerning the training of medical practitioners (limited to a case specified by Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in which implementing training based on the plan would have a significant impact on securing the medical care provision system), it must hear the opinions of the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare in advance.

②When the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare seeks to prepare a draft for the establishment, amendment or abolition of the Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare that specifies the associations referred to in the preceding paragraph, the Minister must hear the opinions of the Medical Ethics Council.

③When the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare states opinions pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), the Minister must hear the opinions of the prefectural governors concerned in advance.

④When a prefectural governor states opinions pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the governor must hear the opinions of the regional medical care measures council in advance.

⑤When an association specified by Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare under paragraph (1) has heard the opinions of the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph, it must endeavor to reflect those opinions in the content of the plan concerning the training of medical practitioners prescribed in that paragraph.

①When the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare finds it particularly necessary to ensure that medical practitioners have opportunities to receive training in the latest knowledge and skills concerning medical care without impairing their health through long working hours, the Minister may request an academic association related to medical science and medical techniques or any other association specified by Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare that conducts or seeks to conduct such training to take necessary measures regarding the implementation of the training.

②When the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare seeks to prepare a draft for the establishment, amendment or abolition of the Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare under the preceding paragraph, the Minister must hear the opinions of the Medical Ethics Council.

③When an association specified by Order of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare under paragraph (1) has been requested by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph to take necessary measures regarding the implementation of training, it must endeavor to comply with the request.