Chapter V Operations
第五章 業務
第十七条
No person except a medical practitioner may engage in medical practice.
医師でなければ、医業をなしてはならない。
第十七条の二
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, a student majoring in medicine at a university who has passed the common examination may, in clinical practicum conducted by the university, under the guidance and supervision of a medical practitioner, engage in medical practice (excluding that specified by Cabinet Order; the same applies in the following Article) in order to acquire the knowledge and skills that a medical practitioner should possess.
第十七条の三
A person who engages in medical practice pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article must not divulge to others a secret of a person that the person has learned in the course of those duties, except where there is a justifiable reason. The same applies after the person has ceased to be a person who engages in medical practice pursuant to the provisions of that Article.
第十八条
No person except a medical practitioner may use the title of medical practitioner or a title that may be confused with this.
医師でなければ、医師又はこれに紛らわしい名称を用いてはならない。
第十九条
No medical practitioner who engages in medical practice may refuse any request for medical examination or treatment without legitimate grounds.
診療に従事する医師は、診察治療の求があつた場合には、正当な事由がなければ、これを拒んではならない。
No medical practitioner who has performed an examination or fact examination, or who was in attendance at a birth may refuse a request for a medical certificate, certificate of post mortem examination, birth certificate, or certificate of stillbirth without legitimate grounds.
診察若しくは検案をし、又は出産に立ち会つた医師は、診断書若しくは検案書又は出生証明書若しくは死産証書の交付の求があつた場合には、正当の事由がなければ、これを拒んではならない。
第二十条
No medical practitioner may provide medical treatment or issue a medical certificate or prescription without personally performing a medical examination, nor issue a birth certificate or certificate of stillbirth without personally being in attendance at the birth, nor issue a certificate of post mortem examination without personally performing the fact examination; provided, however, that this does not apply to a death certificate that has been issued where a patient undergoing medical care has died within 24 hours of the medical examination.
医師は、自ら診察しないで治療をし、若しくは診断書若しくは処方せんを交付し、自ら出産に立ち会わないで出生証明書若しくは死産証書を交付し、又は自ら検案をしないで検案書を交付してはならない。但し、診療中の患者が受診後二十四時間以内に死亡した場合に交付する死亡診断書については、この限りでない。
第二十一条
When a medical practitioner finds any abnormality during the fact examination of a corpse or stillborn baby from a pregnancy that had entered its fourth month or beyond, the medical practitioner must notify the competent police station within 24 hours.
医師は、死体又は妊娠四月以上の死産児を検案して異状があると認めたときは、二十四時間以内に所轄警察署に届け出なければならない。
第二十二条
If a medical practitioner finds it necessary to dispense and administer medicine as a part of a patient's treatment, the medical practitioner must issue a prescription to the patient or a person caring for the patient; provided, however, that this does not apply when the patient or a person caring for the patient states that it is not necessary to issue a prescription, or in any of the following cases:
医師は、患者に対し治療上薬剤を調剤して投与する必要があると認めた場合には、患者又は現にその看護に当たつている者に対して処方箋を交付しなければならない。ただし、患者又は現にその看護に当たつている者が処方箋の交付を必要としない旨を申し出た場合及び次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合においては、この限りでない。
when a suggestive effect is expected and issuing a prescription is likely to hinder this from being achieved;
暗示的効果を期待する場合において、処方箋を交付することがその目的の達成を妨げるおそれがある場合
when issuing a prescription is likely to cause anxiety to the patient about their medical care or prognosis, and may complicate the treatment of the illness;
処方箋を交付することが診療又は疾病の予後について患者に不安を与え、その疾病の治療を困難にするおそれがある場合
when medicines are administered in response to changes in symptoms over short periods of time;
病状の短時間ごとの変化に即応して薬剤を投与する場合
when the diagnosis or method of treatment has not been decided;
診断又は治療方法の決定していない場合
when medicine is administered as an emergency measure necessary for treatment;
治療上必要な応急の措置として薬剤を投与する場合
when there is no person other than the patient who requires rest, to whom the medicines can be delivered;
安静を要する患者以外に薬剤の交付を受けることができる者がいない場合
when stimulants are to be administered; or
覚醒剤を投与する場合
when medicine is administered aboard a vessel with no pharmacist on board.
薬剤師が乗り組んでいない船舶内において薬剤を投与する場合
When a medical practitioner has provided a prescription pursuant to the provisions of Article 12-2, paragraph (1) of the Act on Promotion of Comprehensive Securing of Medical and Long-Term Care in Communities (Act No. 64 of 1989), the medical practitioner is deemed to have issued a prescription to the patient or the person caring for the patient set forth in the preceding paragraph.
医師は、地域における医療及び介護の総合的な確保の促進に関する法律（平成元年法律第六十四号）第十二条の二第一項の規定により処方箋を提供した場合は、前項の患者又は現にその看護に当たつている者に対して処方箋を交付したものとみなす。
第二十三条
When a medical practitioner has provided medical care, the medical practitioner must give guidance to the person in question or to their custodian on the method of treatment and other matters necessary to improve their health.
医師は、診療をしたときは、本人又はその保護者に対し、療養の方法その他保健の向上に必要な事項の指導をしなければならない。
第二十四条
When a medical practitioner has provided medical care, the medical practitioner must enter the matters related to that medical care in a medical record without delay.
医師は、診療をしたときは、遅滞なく診療に関する事項を診療録に記載しなければならない。
Medical records as set forth in the preceding paragraph must be kept for a period of five years by the administrator of the hospital or clinic where medical care was provided by a medical practitioner works at that hospital or clinic, and by the medical practitioner themselves for medical records related to other medical care.
前項の診療録であつて、病院又は診療所に勤務する医師のした診療に関するものは、その病院又は診療所の管理者において、その他の診療に関するものは、その医師において、五年間これを保存しなければならない。
第二十四条の二
Where there is a risk of causing serious harm to public health, and the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare finds it especially necessary to do so in order to prevent the harm, the Minister may give necessary instructions to medical practitioners regarding medical treatment or health guidance.
厚生労働大臣は、公衆衛生上重大な危害を生ずる虞がある場合において、その危害を防止するため特に必要があると認めるときは、医師に対して、医療又は保健指導に関し必要な指示をすることができる。
The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare must hear the opinions of the Medical Ethics Council in advance before giving instructions pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
厚生労働大臣は、前項の規定による指示をするに当つては、あらかじめ、医道審議会の意見を聴かなければならない。