Part V Extraordinary Appeal
第五編 非常上告
第四百五十四条
The Prosecutor-General may file an extraordinary appeal with the Supreme Court when he/she finds, after a judgment has become final, that the trial was in violation of laws and regulations.
検事総長は、判決が確定した後その事件の審判が法令に違反したことを発見したときは、最高裁判所に非常上告をすることができる。
第四百五十五条
In the filing of an extraordinary appeal, a written application which gives the grounds therefor shall be submitted to the Supreme Court.
非常上告をするには、その理由を記載した申立書を最高裁判所に差し出さなければならない。
第四百五十六条
At the trial, the public prosecutor shall make his/her argument based on the written application.
公判期日には、検察官は、申立書に基いて陳述をしなければならない。
第四百五十七条
When the extraordinary appeal is without grounds, a judgment for dismissal shall be rendered.
非常上告が理由のないときは、判決でこれを棄却しなければならない。
第四百五十八条
When there are grounds for extraordinary appeal, a judgment must be rendered according to the following classification:
非常上告が理由のあるときは、左の区別に従い、判決をしなければならない。
When the original judgment was in violation of laws and regulations, the part of the judgment that violates any law or regulation shall be reversed; provided, however, that the court shall, when the original judgment was against the defendant, reverse it and render a further judgment on the charged case; and
原判決が法令に違反したときは、その違反した部分を破棄する。但し、原判決が被告人のため不利益であるときは、これを破棄して、被告事件について更に判決をする。
When trial proceedings were in violation of laws and regulations, those proceedings shall be reversed.
訴訟手続が法令に違反したときは、その違反した手続を破棄する。
第四百五十九条
The judgment in an extraordinary appeal shall not affect the defendant, except for a judgment pursuant to the proviso to item (i) of the preceding Article.
非常上告の判決は、前条第一号但書の規定によりされたものを除いては、その効力を被告人に及ぼさない。
第四百六十条
The court shall investigate only the matters that are included in the application.
裁判所は、申立書に包含された事項に限り、調査をしなければならない。
The court can investigate the facts with regard to the jurisdiction of a court, acceptance of prosecution, and the court proceedings. In this case, the provisions of paragraph (3) of Article 393 shall apply mutatis mutandis.
裁判所は、裁判所の管轄、公訴の受理及び訴訟手続に関しては、事実の取調をすることができる。この場合には、第三百九十三条第三項の規定を準用する。
public prosecutor
検察官
The official who brings a prosecution (公訴) for a crime before a court (Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 247), and who may decide not to prosecute where, in view of the offender's character, age and circumstances, the gravity and circumstances of the offence and what happened after it, prosecution is not needed (Article 248). In criminal cases a public prosecutor asks the court to apply the law correctly and oversees the carrying out of its judgments; and, as the representative of the public interest, a public prosecutor also does the work other laws and regulations assign to a public prosecutor, which is not limited to criminal cases (Public Prosecutors Office Act, Article 4). A public prosecutor may investigate any crime (Article 6, paragraph (1)). Public prosecutors work through the public prosecutors offices (検察庁): the Supreme, High, District and Local Public Prosecutors Offices (Article 1).
Written by AI using Code of Criminal Procedure, Arts. 247, 248 and Public Prosecutors Office Act, Arts. 1, 4, 6 as a reference.
Supreme Court
最高裁判所
The highest court, and the court of last resort on whether any law, order, regulation or official act conforms to the Constitution (Article 76, paragraph (1), and Article 81). That power is what makes the Constitution enforceable: there is no penalty attached to breaching it, and instead a conflicting rule is held to have no legal force (Article 98, paragraph (1)). Its judges are reviewed by the people at the first general election after appointment, and again after ten further years (Article 79, paragraph (2)).
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 76, 79, 81, 98 and Wikipedia: Supreme Court of Japan as a reference.