Chapter XV Court Costs
第十五章 訴訟費用
第百八十一条
When the court renders a sentence, it must have the defendant bear all or part of court costs; provided however, that this does not apply when it is clear that the defendant cannot afford court costs because of indigence.
刑の言渡をしたときは、被告人に訴訟費用の全部又は一部を負担させなければならない。但し、被告人が貧困のため訴訟費用を納付することのできないことが明らかであるときは、この限りでない。
The court may, even if it does not render a sentence, have the defendant bear costs which have arisen from a cause imputable to the defendant.
被告人の責に帰すべき事由によつて生じた費用は、刑の言渡をしない場合にも、被告人にこれを負担させることができる。
When only a public prosecutor has filed an appeal and the appeal has been dismissed or withdrawn, the court may not have the defendant bear court costs in the appellate procedure; provided however, that this does not apply to costs which have arisen from a cause imputable to the defendant.
検察官のみが上訴を申し立てた場合において、上訴が棄却されたとき、又は上訴の取下げがあつたときは、上訴に関する訴訟費用は、これを被告人に負担させることができない。ただし、被告人の責めに帰すべき事由によつて生じた費用については、この限りでない。
If prosecution has not been instituted, the court may have the suspect bear costs which have arisen from a cause imputable to the suspect.
公訴が提起されなかつた場合において、被疑者の責めに帰すべき事由により生じた費用があるときは、被疑者にこれを負担させることができる。
第百八十二条
The court may have the court costs of accomplices be borne by said accomplices jointly and severally.
共犯の訴訟費用は、共犯人に、連帯して、これを負担させることができる。
第百八十三条
If the defendant has been acquitted or barred further prosecution in cases where prosecution arose from a criminal complaint, accusation or claim, and if there was intent or gross negligence on the part of the person filing the criminal complaint, accusation or claim, the court may have said person bear court costs.
告訴、告発又は請求により公訴の提起があつた事件について被告人が無罪又は免訴の裁判を受けた場合において、告訴人、告発人又は請求人に故意又は重大な過失があつたときは、その者に訴訟費用を負担させることができる。
The same applies as in the preceding paragraph if prosecution was not instituted with regard to cases where there was a criminal complaint, accusation or claim, and if there was also intent or gross negligence on the part of the person filing the criminal complaint, accusation or claim.
告訴、告発又は請求があつた事件について公訴が提起されなかつた場合において、告訴人、告発人又は請求人に故意又は重大な過失があつたときも、前項と同様とする。
第百八十四条
When a person other than a public prosecutor withdraws a claim for an appeal, retrial or a formal trial, the court may have said person bear costs of the appeal, retrial or claim for a formal trial.
検察官以外の者が上訴又は再審若しくは正式裁判の請求を取り下げた場合には、その者に上訴、再審又は正式裁判に関する費用を負担させることができる。
第百八十五条
When court proceedings are concluded by a judicial decision and court costs are to be borne by the defendant, the court must make the decision ex officio. An appeal against this decision may only be made in the case of an appeal against a decision on the merits.
裁判によつて訴訟手続が終了する場合において、被告人に訴訟費用を負担させるときは、職権でその裁判をしなければならない。この裁判に対しては、本案の裁判について上訴があつたときに限り、不服を申し立てることができる。
第百八十六条
When court proceedings are concluded by a judicial decision and court costs are to be borne by a person other than the defendant, the court must make a ruling ex officio and separately. An immediate appeal against this ruling may be filed.
裁判によつて訴訟手続が終了する場合において、被告人以外の者に訴訟費用を負担させるときは、職権で別にその決定をしなければならない。この決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
第百八十七条
When court proceedings are concluded without a judicial decision and court costs are to be borne, a ruling must be made ex officio by the court where the case was last pending. An immediate appeal against this ruling may be filed.
裁判によらないで訴訟手続が終了する場合において、訴訟費用を負担させるときは、最終に事件の係属した裁判所が、職権でその決定をしなければならない。この決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
第百八十七条の二
When prosecution is not instituted and court costs are to be borne, the court makes a ruling on such matter upon the request of a public prosecutor. An immediate appeal against this ruling may be filed.
公訴が提起されなかつた場合において、訴訟費用を負担させるときは、検察官の請求により、裁判所が決定をもつてこれを行う。この決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
第百八十八条
If the court does not indicate the amount of the costs in the judgment ordering the bearing of court costs, the public prosecutor who is to direct execution of the judgment calculates said costs.
訴訟費用の負担を命ずる裁判にその額を表示しないときは、執行の指揮をすべき検察官が、これを算定する。
complaint
告訴
A crime's victim telling a public prosecutor or a judicial police officer (司法警察員) of the crime and asking that the offender be punished; the victim may file one (Code of Criminal Procedure, Articles 230 and 241, paragraph (1)). The victim's legal representative may also file one, and if the victim has died, their spouse, lineal relatives or siblings, though not against the victim's clearly stated wishes (Article 231). For some crimes — among them defamation and insult, and negligent injury — a prosecution cannot be brought without a complaint (Penal Code, Articles 209, paragraph (2), and 232, paragraph (1)); for those, a complaint must as a rule be filed within six months of learning who the offender is, though not one a foreign state's representative or a foreign envoy files over defamation or insult (Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 235), and it may be withdrawn until a prosecution is brought, but not filed again (Article 237).
Written by AI using Code of Criminal Procedure, Arts. 230, 231, 235, 237, 241 and Penal Code, Arts. 209, 232 as a reference.
public prosecutor
検察官
The official who brings a prosecution (公訴) for a crime before a court (Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 247), and who may decide not to prosecute where, in view of the offender's character, age and circumstances, the gravity and circumstances of the offence and what happened after it, prosecution is not needed (Article 248). In criminal cases a public prosecutor asks the court to apply the law correctly and oversees the carrying out of its judgments; and, as the representative of the public interest, a public prosecutor also does the work other laws and regulations assign to a public prosecutor, which is not limited to criminal cases (Public Prosecutors Office Act, Article 4). A public prosecutor may investigate any crime (Article 6, paragraph (1)). Public prosecutors work through the public prosecutors offices (検察庁): the Supreme, High, District and Local Public Prosecutors Offices (Article 1).
Written by AI using Code of Criminal Procedure, Arts. 247, 248 and Public Prosecutors Office Act, Arts. 1, 4, 6 as a reference.