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Section 3 Adjudication Cases Regarding Declaration of Presumed Death
The law as Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc. (Act No. 45 of 2026) leaves it, with the words it changes marked.
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Jurisdiction
管轄
An adjudication case for the commencement of assistance (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (36); the same applies hereinafter) is subject to the jurisdiction of the family court which has jurisdiction over the place of domicile of a person who is to be a person under assistance.
補助開始の審判事件（別表第一の三十六の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。以下同じ。）は、被補助人となるべき者の住所地を管轄する家庭裁判所の管轄に属する。
Adjudication cases regarding assistance (meaning the adjudication cases regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, rows (36) through (54)), except for an adjudication case for the commencement of assistance, are subject to the jurisdiction of a family court that has made a ruling of the commencement of assistance (if the court in charge of an appeal has made a judicial decision of the commencement of assistance, the family court that is the court of first instance); provided, however, that if an adjudication case for the commencement of assistance is pending before a family court, these cases are subject to the jurisdiction of that family court.
補助に関する審判事件（別表第一の三十六の項から五十四の項までの事項についての審判事件をいう。）は、補助開始の審判事件を除き、補助開始の審判をした家庭裁判所（抗告裁判所が補助開始の裁判をした場合にあっては、その第一審裁判所である家庭裁判所）の管轄に属する。ただし、補助開始の審判事件が家庭裁判所に係属しているときは、その家庭裁判所の管轄に属する。
Capacity to Participate in Proceedings
手続行為能力
The provisions of Article 118 apply mutatis mutandis to a person who is to be a person under assistance and to a person under assistance in the following adjudication cases (including adjudication cases for a provisional order sought by designating the adjudication cases set forth in items (i), (vii), and (ix) as cases on the merits):
第百十八条の規定は、次に掲げる審判事件（第一号、第七号及び第九号の審判事件を本案とする保全処分についての審判事件を含む。）における被補助人となるべき者及び被補助人について準用する。
an adjudication case for the commencement of assistance;
補助開始の審判事件
an adjudication case for the determination of acts which require the consent of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (37));
補助人の同意を得なければならない行為の定めの審判事件（別表第一の三十七の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。）
an adjudication case for permission in lieu of the consent of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (38));
補助人の同意に代わる許可の審判事件（別表第一の三十八の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。）
an adjudication case for the revocation of a ruling of the commencement of assistance (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (39));
補助開始の審判の取消しの審判事件（別表第一の三十九の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。）
an adjudication case for the revocation of a ruling to determine acts which require the consent of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (40));
補助人の同意を得なければならない行為の定めの審判の取消しの審判事件（別表第一の四十の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。）
an adjudication case for the appointment of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (41));
補助人の選任の審判事件（別表第一の四十一の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。）
an adjudication case for the dismissal of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (43); the same applies in Article 144);
補助人の解任の審判事件（別表第一の四十三の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。第百四十四条において同じ。）
an adjudication case for the appointment of a supervisor of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (45));
補助監督人の選任の審判事件（別表第一の四十五の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。）
an adjudication case for the dismissal of a supervisor of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (47); the same applies in Article 144);
補助監督人の解任の審判事件（別表第一の四十七の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。第百四十四条において同じ。）
an adjudication case for vesting the authority of representation in an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (51));
補助人に対する代理権の付与の審判事件（別表第一の五十一の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。）
an adjudication case for the revocation of a ruling to vest the authority of representation in an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (52)); and
補助人に対する代理権の付与の審判の取消しの審判事件（別表第一の五十二の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。）
an adjudication case for the supervision of the affairs of assistance (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (53)).
補助の事務の監督の審判事件（別表第一の五十三の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。）
Hearing of Opinions Concerning Mental State
精神の状況に関する意見の聴取
A family court may not make a ruling of the commencement of assistance unless it hears the opinion of a physician or any other appropriate person concerning the mental state of the person who is to be a person under assistance.
家庭裁判所は、被補助人となるべき者の精神の状況につき医師その他適当な者の意見を聴かなければ、補助開始の審判をすることができない。
Hearing Statements and Opinions
陳述及び意見の聴取
When making the rulings set forth in the following items, the family court must hear statements from the persons specified respectively in these items (in items (i), (iii), and (iv), excluding the petitioner):
家庭裁判所は、次の各号に掲げる審判をする場合には、当該各号に定める者（第一号、第三号及び第四号にあっては、申立人を除く。）の陳述を聴かなければならない。
a ruling of the commencement of assistance:the person who is to be a person under assistance;
補助開始の審判 被補助人となるべき者
a ruling of permission in lieu of the consent of an assistant:the assistant;
補助人の同意に代わる許可の審判 補助人
a ruling to revoke a ruling of the commencement of assistance (limited to the case under the provisions of Article 18, paragraph (1) or (3) of the Civil Code):the person under assistance and the assistant;
補助開始の審判の取消しの審判（民法第十八条第一項又は第三項の規定による場合に限る。） 被補助人及び補助人
a ruling of the appointment of an assistant or a supervisor of an assistant:the person who is to be a person under assistance or the person under assistance;
補助人又は補助監督人の選任の審判 被補助人となるべき者又は被補助人
a ruling of the dismissal of an assistant:the assistant; and
補助人の解任の審判 補助人
a ruling of the dismissal of a supervisor of an assistant:the supervisor of an assistant.
補助監督人の解任の審判 補助監督人
When making the rulings set forth in the following items, the family court must hear the opinions of the persons specified respectively in these items:
家庭裁判所は、次の各号に掲げる審判をする場合には、当該各号に定める者の意見を聴かなければならない。
a ruling of the appointment of an assistant:the person who is to be an assistant; and
補助人の選任の審判 補助人となるべき者
a ruling of the appointment of a supervisor of an assistant:the person who is to be a supervisor of an assistant.
補助監督人の選任の審判 補助監督人となるべき者
Notice of Rulings
審判の告知
Notice of the rulings set forth in the following items must be given to the persons specified respectively in these items, beyond the persons prescribed in Article 74, paragraph (1):
次の各号に掲げる審判は、第七十四条第一項に規定する者のほか、当該各号に定める者に告知しなければならない。
a ruling of the commencement of assistance:the person who is appointed as an assistant pursuant to the provisions of Article 876-7, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, and the voluntarily appointed guardian and the supervisor of the voluntarily appointed guardian under a voluntary guardianship contract that is to terminate pursuant to Article 10, paragraph (3) of the Voluntary Guardianship Contract Act;
補助開始の審判 民法第八百七十六条の七第一項の規定により補助人に選任される者並びに任意後見契約法第十条第三項の規定により終了する任意後見契約に係る任意後見人及び任意後見監督人
a ruling to determine acts which require the consent of an assistant:the assistant and the supervisor of the assistant (if this ruling is made simultaneously upon making a ruling of the appointment of an assistant or a supervisor of an assistant, the person who is to be an assistant or the person who is to be a supervisor of an assistant);
補助人の同意を得なければならない行為の定めの審判 補助人及び補助監督人（当該審判が補助人又は補助監督人の選任の審判と同時にされる場合にあっては、補助人となるべき者又は補助監督人となるべき者）
a ruling of permission in lieu of the consent of an assistant:the assistant and the supervisor of the assistant;
補助人の同意に代わる許可の審判 補助人及び補助監督人
a ruling to revoke a ruling of the commencement of assistance:the assistant and the supervisor of the assistant;
補助開始の審判の取消しの審判 補助人及び補助監督人
a ruling to revoke a ruling to determine acts which require the consent of an assistant:the assistant and the supervisor of the assistant;
補助人の同意を得なければならない行為の定めの審判の取消しの審判 補助人及び補助監督人
a ruling to vest the authority of representation in an assistant:the person under assistance and the supervisor of an assistant (if this ruling is made simultaneously upon making a ruling of the appointment of a supervisor of an assistant, the person who is to be a supervisor of an assistant); and
補助人に対する代理権の付与の審判 被補助人及び補助監督人（当該審判が補助監督人の選任の審判と同時にされる場合にあっては、補助監督人となるべき者）
a ruling to revoke a ruling to vest the authority of representation in an assistant:the person under assistance and the supervisor of an assistant.
補助人に対する代理権の付与の審判の取消しの審判 被補助人及び補助監督人
Immediate Appeals
即時抗告
An immediate appeal may be filed against the rulings set forth in the following items by the persons specified respectively in these items (in item (i), excluding the petitioner):
次の各号に掲げる審判に対しては、当該各号に定める者（第一号にあっては、申立人を除く。）は、即時抗告をすることができる。
a ruling of the commencement of assistance:the persons prescribed in the main clause of Article 15, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code and those prescribed in Article 10, paragraph (2) of the Voluntary Guardianship Contract Act;
補助開始の審判 民法第十五条第一項本文及び任意後見契約法第十条第二項に規定する者
a ruling to dismiss a petition for the commencement of assistance:the petitioner;
補助開始の申立てを却下する審判 申立人
a ruling to dismiss a petition for the revocation of a ruling of the commencement of assistance:the persons prescribed in Article 18, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code;
補助開始の審判の取消しの申立てを却下する審判 民法第十八条第一項に規定する者
a ruling to dismiss a petition for permission in lieu of the consent of an assistant:the petitioner;
補助人の同意に代わる許可の申立てを却下する審判 申立人
a ruling of the dismissal of an assistant:the assistant;
補助人の解任の審判 補助人
a ruling to dismiss a petition for the dismissal of an assistant:the petitioner, the supervisor of the assistant, as well as the person under assistance and the person's relative;
補助人の解任の申立てを却下する審判 申立人、補助監督人並びに被補助人及びその親族
a ruling of the dismissal of a supervisor of an assistant:the supervisor of an assistant; and
補助監督人の解任の審判 補助監督人
a ruling to dismiss a petition for the dismissal of a supervisor of an assistant:the petitioner, as well as the person under assistance and the person's relative.
補助監督人の解任の申立てを却下する審判 申立人並びに被補助人及びその親族
The period for filing an immediate appeal against a ruling of the commencement of assistance to be filed by a person other than a person who receives notice of a ruling and by the person who is to be a person under assistance runs from the latest day, out of the day on which the person who is to be a person under assistance received notice of a ruling and the day on which a person who is appointed as an assistant pursuant to the provisions of Article 876-7, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code received notice of a ruling.
審判の告知を受ける者でない者及び被補助人となるべき者による補助開始の審判に対する即時抗告の期間は、被補助人となるべき者が審判の告知を受けた日及び民法第八百七十六条の七第一項の規定により補助人に選任される者が審判の告知を受けた日のうち最も遅い日から進行する。
Application Mutatis Mutandis of Provisions Concerning Adjudication Cases Regarding the Guardianship of Adults
成年後見に関する審判事件の規定の準用
The provisions of Article 121 apply mutatis mutandis to the withdrawal of a petition for the commencement of assistance and the withdrawal of a petition for the appointment of an assistant, and the provisions of Article 124 apply mutatis mutandis to the supervision of the affairs of assistance.
第百二十一条の規定は補助開始の申立ての取下げ及び補助人の選任の申立ての取下げについて、第百二十四条の規定は補助の事務の監督について準用する。
Provisional Order during a Case on the Merits to Adjudicate Commencement of Assistance
補助開始の審判事件を本案とする保全処分
The provisions of Article 126, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to a provisional order sought by designating an adjudication case for the commencement of assistance as a case on the merits.
補助開始の審判事件を本案とする保全処分については、第百二十六条第一項の規定を準用する。
When a petition for the commencement of assistance and a petition for the determination of acts which require the consent of an assistant is filed, and when it is particularly necessary for the preservation of the property of a person who is to be a person under assistance, the family court (or a high court in the case set forth in Article 105, paragraph (2)) may, upon the petition of the person who has filed the petition, order that the person who is to be a person under assistance be subject to the assistance of the administrator of property to be appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 126, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph (hereinafter simply referred to as an "administrator of property" in this Article) in performing acts in relation to property (limited to the acts prescribed in Article 13, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, which are addressed in the petition for the determination of acts which require the consent of an assistant; the same applies in paragraph (5)), until a ruling on the petition for the commencement of assistance becomes effective.
家庭裁判所（第百五条第二項の場合にあっては、高等裁判所）は、補助開始及び補助人の同意を得なければならない行為の定めの申立てがあった場合において、被補助人となるべき者の財産の保全のため特に必要があるときは、当該申立てをした者の申立てにより、補助開始の申立てについての審判が効力を生ずるまでの間、被補助人となるべき者の財産上の行為（民法第十三条第一項に規定する行為であって、当該補助人の同意を得なければならない行為の定めの申立てに係るものに限る。第五項において同じ。）につき、前項において準用する第百二十六条第一項の規定により選任される財産の管理者（以下この条において単に「財産の管理者」という。）の補助を受けることを命ずることができる。
Notice of a ruling under the provisions of the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as a "ruling of an order for assistance" in the following paragraph and paragraph (5)) must be given to an Administrator of Property, beyond the persons prescribed in Article 74, paragraph (1).
前項の規定による審判（次項及び第五項において「補助命令の審判」という。）は、第七十四条第一項に規定する者のほか、財産の管理者に告知しなければならない。
The period for filing an immediate appeal against a ruling of an order for assistance to be filed by a person other than a person who receives notice of a ruling and by a person who is to be a person under assistance runs from the latest day, out of the day on which the person who is to be a person under assistance receives notice of a ruling and the day on which an administrator of property receives notice of a ruling under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
審判の告知を受ける者でない者及び被補助人となるべき者による補助命令の審判に対する即時抗告の期間は、被補助人となるべき者が審判の告知を受けた日及び財産の管理者が前項の規定による審判の告知を受けた日のうち最も遅い日から進行する。
When a ruling of an order for assistance is made, the person who is to be a person under assistance and the administrator of property may rescind acts in relation to property performed by the person who is to be a person under assistance without having obtained consent from the administrator of property. In this case, the provisions of the Civil Code concerning the rescission of acts performed by a person with limited capacity to act apply mutatis mutandis.
補助命令の審判があったときは、被補助人となるべき者及び財産の管理者は、被補助人となるべき者が財産の管理者の同意を得ないでした財産上の行為を取り消すことができる。この場合においては、制限行為能力者の行為の取消しに関する民法の規定を準用する。
The provisions of Article 125, paragraphs (1) through (6), as well as the provisions of Articles 27 through 29 of the Civil Code (excluding Article 27, paragraph (2) of the Code) apply mutatis mutandis to an administrator of property. In this case, the term "an adult under guardianship" in Article 125, paragraph (3) is deemed to be replaced with "a person who is to be a person under assistance".
第百二十五条第一項から第六項までの規定及び民法第二十七条から第二十九条まで（同法第二十七条第二項を除く。）の規定は、財産の管理者について準用する。この場合において、第百二十五条第三項中「成年被後見人」とあるのは、「被補助人となるべき者」と読み替えるものとする。
Provisional Order Sought by Designating an Adjudication Case for Dismissal of an Assistant as a Case on the Merits
補助人の解任の審判事件等を本案とする保全処分
The provisions of Article 127, paragraphs (1) through (4) apply mutatis mutandis to a provisional order sought by designating an adjudication case for the dismissal of an assistant or an adjudication case for the dismissal of a supervisor of an assistant as a case on the merits.
第百二十七条第一項から第四項までの規定は、補助人の解任の審判事件又は補助監督人の解任の審判事件を本案とする保全処分について準用する。
An adjudication case for the declaration of presumed death (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (56); the same applies in the following paragraph) is subject to the jurisdiction of the family court which has jurisdiction over the previous place of domicile or residence of an absentee.
失踪の宣告の審判事件（別表第一の五十六の項の事項についての審判事件をいう。次項において同じ。）は、不在者の従来の住所地又は居所地を管轄する家庭裁判所の管轄に属する。
The provisions of Article 118 apply mutatis mutandis to an absentee in an adjudication case for declaration of presumed death.
第百十八条の規定は、失踪の宣告の審判事件における不在者について準用する。
A family court may not make a ruling of adjudication of declaration of presumed death unless it gives public notice of the following matters and the period set forth in items (ii) and (iv) has passed. In this case, the period set forth in items (ii) and (iv) must not be shorter than three months in the case set forth in Article 30, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code or one month in the case set forth in paragraph (2) of the Article:
家庭裁判所は、次に掲げる事項を公告し、かつ、第二号及び第四号の期間が経過しなければ、失踪の宣告の審判をすることができない。この場合において、第二号及び第四号の期間は、民法第三十条第一項の場合にあっては三月を、同条第二項の場合にあっては一月を下ってはならない。
the fact that a petition for adjudication of the declaration of presumed death of an absentee has been filed;
不在者について失踪の宣告の申立てがあったこと。
the requirement that the absentee should provide notification of their existence within a certain period;
不在者は、一定の期間までにその生存の届出をすべきこと。
the rule that the absentee's declaration of presumed death will be adjudicated if the notification set forth in the preceding item is not made; and
前号の届出がないときは、失踪の宣告がされること。
the requirement that any person who knows whether the absentee is alive or dead should make a notification of the fact within a certain period.
不在者の生死を知る者は、一定の期間までにその届出をすべきこと。
Notice of a ruling of adjudication of declaration of presumed death is not required to be given to the absentee.
失踪の宣告の審判は、不在者に告知することを要しない。
An immediate appeal may be filed against the rulings set forth in the following items by the persons specified respectively in these items (in item (i), excluding the petitioner):
次の各号に掲げる審判に対しては、当該各号に定める者（第一号にあっては、申立人を除く。）は、即時抗告をすることができる。
a ruling of adjudication of declaration of presumed death:the absentee and an interested party; and
失踪の宣告の審判 不在者及び利害関係人
a ruling to dismiss a petition for adjudication of declaration of presumed death:the petitioner.
失踪の宣告の申立てを却下する審判 申立人
An adjudication case for the revocation of adjudication of declaration of presumed death is subject to the jurisdiction of the family court which has jurisdiction over the place of domicile of an absentee.
失踪の宣告の取消しの審判事件は、失踪者の住所地を管轄する家庭裁判所の管轄に属する。
The provisions of Article 118 apply mutatis mutandis to an absentee in an adjudication case for the revocation of adjudication of declaration of presumed death.
第百十八条の規定は、失踪の宣告の取消しの審判事件における失踪者について準用する。
Only if the domicile or residence of an absentee is known from the case record is it necessary to give notice of a ruling to revoke the adjudication of declaration of presumed death to the absentee.
失踪の宣告の取消しの審判は、事件の記録上失踪者の住所又は居所が判明している場合に限り、失踪者に告知すれば足りる。
An immediate appeal may be filed against the rulings set forth in the following items by the persons specified respectively in these items:
次の各号に掲げる審判に対しては、当該各号に定める者は、即時抗告をすることができる。
a ruling to revoke the adjudication of declaration of presumed death:an interested party (excluding the petitioner); and
失踪の宣告の取消しの審判 利害関係人（申立人を除く。）
a ruling to dismiss a petition for the revocation of an adjudication of declaration of presumed death:the absentee and an interested party.
失踪の宣告の取消しの申立てを却下する審判 失踪者及び利害関係人