第二条（定義）
In this Act, the meanings of the terms set forth in the following items are as prescribed respectively in those items:
この法律において、次の各号に掲げる用語の意義は、当該各号に定めるところによる。
a "work" means a creatively produced expression of thoughts or sentiments that falls within the literary, academic, artistic, or musical domain;
著作物 思想又は感情を創作的に表現したものであつて、文芸、学術、美術又は音楽の範囲に属するものをいう。
"performing" means giving a dramatic performance of, dancing, giving a musical performance of, singing, delivering, declaiming, or by any other means giving a performance of a work (including similar actions not involving the performance of a work but having the nature of a performing art);
"performer" means an actor, dancer, musician, singer, or any other person who gives a performance, or a person who conducts or stages a performance;
実演家 俳優、舞踊家、演奏家、歌手その他実演を行う者及び実演を指揮し、又は演出する者をいう。
"phonogram" means the fixation of sounds on a material object such as a phonograph disc or recording tape (other than of sounds that are intended to be played exclusively alongside images);
レコード 蓄音機用音盤、録音テープその他の物に音を固定したもの（音を専ら影像とともに再生することを目的とするものを除く。）をいう。
"producer of a phonogram" means the person that was the first to fix the sounds that have been fixed in a phonogram;
レコード製作者 レコードに固定されている音を最初に固定した者をいう。
"commercial phonogram" means a copy of a phonogram that is produced for the purposes of commercial distribution;
商業用レコード 市販の目的をもつて製作されるレコードの複製物をいう。
making a "transmission to the public" means making a transmission of wireless communications or wired telecommunications with the objective of allowing the public to receive them directly (excluding transmission (unless this constitutes the transmission of a work of computer programming) using telecommunications equipment one part of which is installed on the same premises as the other parts (or, excluding, if two or more persons occupy the same premises, transmission using telecommunications equipment both ends of which are installed within the area a single person occupies));
"broadcasting" means the transmission to the public of wireless communications with the objective of allowing the public to simultaneously receive transmissions with the same content;
"broadcaster" means a person that does broadcasting in the course of trade;
放送事業者 放送を業として行う者をいう。
"cablecasting" means the transmission to the public of wired telecommunications with the objective of allowing the public to simultaneously receive transmissions with the same content;
"cablecaster" means a person that does cablecasting in the course of trade;
有線放送事業者 有線放送を業として行う者をいう。
"automatic public transmission" means a transmission to a member of the public (excluding one that constitutes a broadcast or cablecast) that is made automatically in response to a request from the member of the public;
making a work "available for transmission" means making it available to be transmitted via automatic public transmission, through either of the following actions:
送信可能化 次のいずれかに掲げる行為により自動公衆送信し得るようにすることをいう。
recording data onto a recording medium that an automatic public transmission server connected with a public telecommunications network uses for transmissions to the public (an automatic public transmission server is a device with a function that allows it to send automatic public transmissions of data recorded onto the area of its recording media that is used for automatic public transmissions (hereinafter in this item referred to as a "recording medium for public transmissions") or of data input into it, through its connection with a public telecommunications network; the same applies hereinafter); adding a recording medium onto which data has been recorded to such an automatic public transmission server as its recording medium for public transmissions; converting a recording medium onto which data has been recorded into such an automatic public transmission server's recording medium for public transmissions; or inputting data into such an automatic public transmission server;
connecting an automatic public transmission server onto whose recording medium for public transmissions data has been recorded or into which data has been input, to a public telecommunications network (if this is done through a series of actions such as connecting cables, starting up the automatic public transmission server, and booting the programs for transmission and reception, connecting means the last action in the series);
"specified input-type automatic public transmission" means an automatic public transmission made by receiving a broadcast transmission and simultaneously inputting data to an automatic public transmission server that is connected with a public telecommunications network (including making work available for transmission in order to make that automatic public transmission);
"simultaneous broadcasting" means an automatic public transmission of a broadcast program or cablecast program (including making a work available for transmission in order to make that automatic public transmission: hereinafter the same applies in this item), which satisfies the requirements set forth in (a) through (c) (excluding automatic public transmission designated by the Commissioner of the Agency for Cultural Affairs in consultation with the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications as one that would unreasonably prejudice the interests of the copyright owner, the owner of print rights or the owner of neighboring rights (hereinafter referred to as the "copyright owner, etc.") or one that cannot be easily viewed or listened to widely by citizens, and a specified input-type automatic public transmission):
放送同時配信等 放送番組又は有線放送番組の自動公衆送信（当該自動公衆送信のために行う送信可能化を含む。以下この号において同じ。）のうち、次のイからハまでに掲げる要件を備えるもの（著作権者、出版権者若しくは著作隣接権者（以下「著作権者等」という。）の利益を不当に害するおそれがあるもの又は広く国民が容易に視聴することが困難なものとして文化庁長官が総務大臣と協議して定めるもの及び特定入力型自動公衆送信を除く。）をいう。
the automatic public transmission is made within one week from the day on which the broadcast of the broadcast program or the cablecast of the cablecast program takes place (if the broadcast of the broadcast program or the cablecast of the cablecast program takes place in series in certain intervals under the same title and the interval is longer than one week: within a period specified by the Commissioner of the Agency for Cultural Affairs not exceeding one month, depending on that interval) (excluding any automatic public transmission made before the broadcast or cablecast takes place);
the automatic public transmission is made without changing the content of the broadcast program or cablecast program (excluding an automatic public transmission in which the content has been changed by excluding part of the broadcast program or cablecast program for which authorization for the automatic public transmission has not been obtained from the copyright owner, etc. or due to any other unavoidable circumstances); and
the automatic public transmission is subject to measures specified by Order of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology as measures to prevent or deter the broadcast program or cablecast program from being digitally reproduced by receiving that automatic public transmission;
"simultaneous broadcasting service" means a service that provides simultaneous broadcasting in the course of trade by receiving a broadcast program or cablecast program supplied by a broadcaster or cablecaster with which the service has a close relationship specified by the Commissioner of the Agency for Cultural Affairs (hereinafter simply referred to as a "close relationship") as a personal relationship or capital relationship;
"producer of a cinematographic work" means the person that does the conceptualizing and has the responsibility in the production of a cinematographic work;
映画製作者 映画の著作物の製作に発意と責任を有する者をいう。
"computer program" means something expressed as a set of instructions written for a computer, which makes the computer function so that a specific result can be obtained;
プログラム 電子計算機を機能させて一の結果を得ることができるようにこれに対する指令を組み合わせたものとして表現したものをいう。
"database" means an aggregate of data such as articles, numerical values, or diagrams, which is systematically constructed so that such data can be searched with a computer;
データベース 論文、数値、図形その他の情報の集合物であつて、それらの情報を電子計算機を用いて検索することができるように体系的に構成したものをいう。
"derivative work" means a work that a person creates by translating, composing a musical arrangement of, reformulating, dramatizing, making a cinematographic adaptation of, or otherwise adapting a pre-existing work;
二次的著作物 著作物を翻訳し、編曲し、若しくは変形し、又は脚色し、映画化し、その他翻案することにより創作した著作物をいう。
"joint work" means a work created by two or more persons whose contributions to the work cannot be separated so as to allow each part of the work to be used independently;
共同著作物 二人以上の者が共同して創作した著作物であつて、その各人の寄与を分離して個別的に利用することができないものをいう。
"recording the sound" of something means fixing sounds into a physical object or producing additional copies of that fixation;
録音 音を物に固定し、又はその固定物を増製することをいう。
"recording the visuals" of something means fixing a sequence of images into a physical object or producing additional copies of that fixation;
録画 影像を連続して物に固定し、又はその固定物を増製することをいう。
"reproduction" means the physical replication of a work through printing, photography, or copying, through the recording of sound or visuals, or in any other way, and, for each of the following subject matters, includes the action set forth therein:
a scenario or other similar work that is used for acting:recording the sound or visuals of a stage performance, broadcast, or cablecast of the work; and
an architectural work:the construction of a structure in accordance with the architectural plan;
建築の著作物 建築に関する図面に従つて建築物を完成すること。
giving a "stage performance" means performing a work other than by musical performance (a musical performance includes singing; the same applies hereinafter);
giving an "on-screen presentation" means projecting a work (other than one being transmitted to the public) on a movie screen or other physical object, and includes playing the sounds accompanying the projection that are fixed to a cinematographic work;
"recitation" means communicating a work orally by reading it or through other means (except for a means that constitutes a performance);
"distributing" a work means transferring or renting out copies of a work to the public, regardless of whether this is done for a price or at no charge, and with regard to a cinematographic work or a work reproduced therein, it includes transferring or renting out copies of such a work for the purpose of presenting the work to the public;
"technological protection measures" means measures that use electronic means, magnetic means, or other means that cannot be perceived through the human senses (referred to as "electronic or magnetic means" in the following item and item (xxii)) to prevent or deter a person from engaging in an action that constitutes infringement of an author's moral rights or copyright as referred to in Article 17, paragraph (1), of a print right, of a performer's moral rights as referred to in Articles 89, paragraph (1), or of neighboring rights as referred to in Article 89, paragraph (6) (hereinafter referred to as "copyright-related matters" in this item, Article 30, paragraph (1), item (ii), Article 113, paragraph (7) and Article 120-2, items (i) and (iv)) (deterring such an action means deterring a person from engaging in an action that constitutes infringement of copyright-related matters by causing a considerable barrier to arise as a result of such an action; the same applies in Article 30, paragraph (1), item (ii)) (excluding any measure taken to prevent or suppress such an action that is not based on the intentions of the person that owns the copyright-related matters), and that are taken using signals to which a machine that can be used to exploit a work, performance, phonogram, broadcast, or cablecast (hereinafter referred to as "work") will have a specific reaction if the work is exploited (this includes if an action is taken that constitutes an infringement of the moral rights of the author or performer when taken without the consent of the author or the performer), by recording such signals onto a recording medium, or by transmitting such signals; or by converting the sounds or images of a work, performance, or phonogram and recording them onto a recording medium or converting the sounds or images of a broadcast or cablecast and transmitting them, so that a machine that can be used to exploit that work will need to make a specific conversion when the work is exploited;
技術的保護手段 電子的方法、磁気的方法その他の人の知覚によつて認識することができない方法（次号及び第二十二号において「電磁的方法」という。）により、第十七条第一項に規定する著作者人格権若しくは著作権、出版権又は第八十九条第一項に規定する実演家人格権若しくは同条第六項に規定する著作隣接権（以下この号、第三十条第一項第二号、第百十三条第七項並びに第百二十条の二第一号及び第四号において「著作権等」という。）を侵害する行為の防止又は抑止（著作権等を侵害する行為の結果に著しい障害を生じさせることによる当該行為の抑止をいう。第三十条第一項第二号において同じ。）をする手段（著作権等を有する者の意思に基づくことなく用いられているものを除く。）であつて、著作物、実演、レコード、放送又は有線放送（以下「著作物等」という。）の利用（著作者又は実演家の同意を得ないで行つたとしたならば著作者人格権又は実演家人格権の侵害となるべき行為を含む。）に際し、これに用いられる機器が特定の反応をする信号を記録媒体に記録し、若しくは送信する方式又は当該機器が特定の変換を必要とするよう著作物、実演、レコード若しくは放送若しくは有線放送に係る音若しくは影像を変換して記録媒体に記録し、若しくは送信する方式によるものをいう。
"technological exploitation restriction measures" means measures that use electronic or magnetic means to restrict work from being viewed or listened to (or from being executed on a computer, if it is a work of computer programming; the same applies hereinafter in this item and Article 113, paragraph (6)) (excluding any measure taken to restrict this that is not based on the intentions of the copyright owner, etc.), and that are taken using signals to which a machine that can be used to view or listen to work will have a specific reaction if the work is viewed or listened to, by recording such signals onto a recording medium; by transmitting such signals; or by converting the sounds or images of a work, performance, or phonogram and recording them onto a recording medium or converting the sounds or images of a broadcast or cablecast and transmitting them, so that a machine that can be used to exploit that work will need to make a specific conversion when the work is viewed or listened to;
"rights management information" means information about a moral right or copyright provided for in Article 17, paragraph (1), a print right, or a right referred to in Article 89, paragraphs (1) through (4) (hereinafter referred to as a "copyright-related matters" in this item) which falls under (a), (b), or (c) below, and which is recorded onto a recording medium along with the sounds or images of a work, performance, or phonogram, or transmitted along with the sounds or images of a broadcast or cablecast (excluding information not used for assessing how a work is exploited, for administrative handling related to authorization to exploit a work, or for other management of a work (limited to management by computer)) by electronic or magnetic means:
information that specifies a work, etc., a holder of copyright-related matters, or other matters specified by Cabinet Order;
information on the method and conditions of exploitation where exploitation of a work, etc. is authorized;
著作物等の利用を許諾する場合の利用方法及び条件に関する情報
information that makes it possible to specify the matters set forth in (a) or (b) by collating it with other information;
他の情報と照合することによりイ又はロに掲げる事項を特定することができることとなる情報
"copyright management service" means a copyright management service provided for in Article 2, paragraph (3) of the Act on Copyright Management Service (Act No. 131 of 2000);
著作権等管理事業者 著作権等管理事業法（平成十二年法律第百三十一号）第二条第三項に規定する著作権等管理事業者をいう。
"in Japan" means within the jurisdiction of this Act; and
国内 この法律の施行地をいう。
"abroad" means outside the jurisdiction of this Act.
国外 この法律の施行地外の地域をいう。
As used in this Act, an "artistic work" includes a work of artistic craftsmanship.
この法律にいう「美術の著作物」には、美術工芸品を含むものとする。
As used in this Act, a "cinematographic work" includes a work rendered in a manner that produces a visual or audio-visual effect analogous to that of cinematography, and that is fixed into a physical object.
この法律にいう「映画の著作物」には、映画の効果に類似する視覚的又は視聴覚的効果を生じさせる方法で表現され、かつ、物に固定されている著作物を含むものとする。
As used in this Act, a "photograph" includes a work rendered using a method similar to that which is used to produce a photograph.
この法律にいう「写真の著作物」には、写真の製作方法に類似する方法を用いて表現される著作物を含むものとする。
As used in this Act, "the public" includes exclusive groups made up of many persons.
この法律にいう「公衆」には、特定かつ多数の者を含むものとする。
As used in this Act, a "corporation" includes an association or foundation that is without legal personality but that has stipulations for a representative or administrator.
この法律にいう「法人」には、法人格を有しない社団又は財団で代表者又は管理人の定めがあるものを含むものとする。
In this Act, "stage performance", "musical performance", and "recitation" include the playback of sound or visual recordings of a stage performance, musical performance, or recitation of a work (except when this constitutes a transmission to the public or on-screen presentation), and the communication of a stage performance, musical performance, or recitation of a work by means of telecommunication facilities (except when this constitutes a transmission to the public).
In this Act, "renting out" a work includes any action that causes a person to acquire the authority for similar use of it, irrespective of the name given to it or the manner in which it is done.
この法律にいう「貸与」には、いずれの名義又は方法をもつてするかを問わず、これと同様の使用の権原を取得させる行為を含むものとする。
In this Act, any term as set forth in paragraph (1), items (vii)-2, (viii), (ix)-2, (ix)-4, (ix)-5, (ix)-7, and (xiii) through (xix), and in the preceding two paragraphs encompasses the variant grammatical forms that use the same root.