Every term this law . Its definitions bind only this law — each entry says where the definition applies and links to the sentence that settles it. 80 terms: 40 with the Ministry of Justice's English, 40 in our translation, marked as such.
A record made in electronic, magnetic or any other form people cannot perceive directly, for use in computer processing.
電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られる記録であって、電子計算機による情報処理の用に供されるもの
In the original supplementary provisions (附則) of this Code, this Code itself (Act No. 109 of 1996), as against the earlier Code of Civil Procedure (旧法) that Article 2 of those provisions amended.
ファイル
A file stored on a computer used by the court (including its input and output devices), in which information is recorded under this Code or other laws and regulations — called simply "file" from Article 91-2, paragraph (1) on, except in Article 91-2, paragraphs (2) and (3), Article 91-3 and Article 109-3, paragraph (1), item (ii).
In the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 48 of 2022, this Code as amended by Article 2 of that Act, leaving out the amendments listed in Article 1, items (iii) and (iv) of those supplementary provisions, which come into effect on dates of their own.
An electronic or magnetic record (電磁的記録) a court clerk (裁判所書記官) prepares under this Code or other laws and regulations to record and certify the form, content, progress and other details of proceedings held on or outside a court date (期日).
期日又は期日外における手続の方式、内容及び経過等の記録及び公証をするためにこの法律その他の法令の規定により裁判所書記官が作成する電磁的記録
An electronic data processing system linking a computer used by the court with a computer used by the person dealing with the court in the proceedings (手続の相手方) through a telecommunications line.
裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機と手続の相手方の使用に係る電子計算機とを電気通信回線で接続した電子情報処理組織
電子判決書
The electronic or magnetic record (電磁的記録) a court must create when it renders a judgment, recording the main text of the judgment (主文), the facts, the reasons, the date oral argument ended, the parties and their legal representatives, and the court.
A motion (申立て) or other statement (申述) made in proceedings in civil litigation (民事訴訟).
The date Act No. 48 of 2022, the amending Act these supplementary provisions (附則) belong to, comes into effect.
In Chapter VII of Part I (filing motions and statements electronically), a paper document, piece of writing, written material, transcript, extract, authenticated copy, duplicate or extra copy, or any other paper or tangible object bearing characters, figures or other information people can perceive with their senses.
書面、書類、文書、謄本、抄本、正本、副本、複本その他文字、図形等人の知覚によって認識することができる情報が記載された紙その他の有体物
In the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 48 of 2022, a case on an action (other than personal status litigation (人事訴訟) or enforcement-related litigation in a family court (執行関係訴訟)) filed on or after the date that Act comes into effect — not counting a motion made before that date that a law deems, on or after it, to have been an action filed when the motion was made — or any other civil litigation (民事訴訟) case begun on or after that date.
In the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 48 of 2022, a case on an action (other than personal status litigation (人事訴訟) or enforcement-related litigation in a family court (執行関係訴訟)) filed before the date that Act comes into effect — counting a motion made before that date that a law deems, on or after it, to have been an action filed when the motion was made — or any other civil litigation (民事訴訟) case begun before that date.
予告通知
In Chapter VI of Part I (dispositions on the collection of evidence before an action is filed), a notice in which a person intending to file an action tells the would-be defendant in advance that they will file it.
Written preparatory proceedings (書面による準備手続): proceedings in which issues and evidence are sorted out without the parties appearing in court, for example through the submission of briefs (準備書面).
当事者の出頭なしに準備書面の提出等により争点及び証拠の整理をする手続
The part of a case record (訴訟記録) made up of information recorded, under this Code or other laws and regulations, in a file on a computer used by the court (including its input and output devices).
訴訟記録中この法律その他の法令の規定により裁判所の使用に係る電子計算機（入出力装置を含む。以下同じ。）に備えられたファイル（次項及び第三項、次条並びに第百九条の三第一項第二号を除き、以下単に「ファイル」という。）に記録された事項（第百三十二条の七及び第百三十三条の二第五項において「ファイル記録事項」という。）に係る部分
A way of using an electronic data processing system (電子情報処理組織) or other information and communications technology, of a kind the Rules of the Supreme Court (最高裁判所規則) specify.
電子情報処理組織を使用する方法その他の情報通信の技術を利用する方法であって最高裁判所規則で定めるもの
特許権等に関する訴え
An action concerning a patent right, a utility model right, a layout-design exploitation right for an integrated circuit (回路配置利用権), or an author's right in a computer program (プログラムの著作物).
In Chapter VI of Part I (dispositions on the collection of evidence before an action is filed), the other side of the advance notice (予告通知) or the response (返答) on which a petition for such a disposition rests: the recipient of the notice where the person who gave it petitions, and the person who gave it where the recipient who responded petitions.
営業秘密
Production methods, sales methods or other technical or business information useful for business activities that is kept under control as a secret and is not publicly known.
不正競争防止法第二条第六項に規定する営業秘密
In Chapter VIII of Part I (concealing parties' addresses and identifying information), a person making a motion or statement (申立て等), or that person's legal representative (法定代理人), whose address or identifying information is the subject of a petition under Article 133, paragraph (1) to keep it confidential from the parties.
In Chapter VIII of Part I (concealing parties' addresses and identifying information), a case record (訴訟記録), or the record of a case in which a disposition under Article 132-4, paragraph (1) (collecting evidence before an action is filed) has been petitioned for.
訴訟記録又は第百三十二条の四第一項の処分の申立てに係る事件の記録
口頭弁論等の期日
In Part II, Chapter VI (ending a lawsuit other than by judicial decision), a court date (期日) for oral argument (口頭弁論), for preparatory proceedings (弁論準備手続) or for a settlement (和解).
In Part VIII, Chapter I (demand procedures), the electronic or magnetic record (電磁的記録) a court clerk (裁判所書記官) creates when issuing a demand for payment (支払督促), recording the order to pay or deliver under Article 382, the object of and grounds for the claim, and the parties and their legal representatives, together with a statement that a declaration of provisional enforceability (仮執行の宣言) will be made at the creditor's petition if the debtor does not lodge an objection (督促異議) within two weeks after being served.
次に掲げる事項を記録し、かつ、債務者がその送達を受けた日から二週間以内に督促異議の申立てをしないときは債権者の申立てにより仮執行の宣言をする旨を併せて記録した電磁的記録
選定当事者
A person appointed, under Article 30, paragraph (1) or (3), by others who share a common interest with them to act as plaintiff or defendant on those others' behalf.
A person who has appointed someone, under Article 30, paragraph (1) or (3), to act as plaintiff or defendant on their behalf as well (an appointed party, 選定当事者).
非電磁的訴訟記録
The part of a case record (訴訟記録) other than the electronic or magnetic case records (電磁的訴訟記録) defined in Article 91-2, paragraph (1).
訴訟記録中次条第一項に規定する電磁的訴訟記録を除いた部分
In Article 92, access to a case record (訴訟記録の閲覧等) — hard-copy or electronic — for the part of it in which a secret listed in paragraph (1) is written or recorded: a serious secret about a party's private life, or a trade secret (営業秘密) a party holds.
In Chapter VIII of Part I (concealing parties' addresses and identifying information), access to a case record or filing records (訴訟記録等の閲覧等): access to a case record (訴訟記録の閲覧等, as Article 92, paragraph (1) defines it), or access to a hard-copy or an electronic or magnetic record of a disposition on the collection of evidence (as Article 132-7, paragraph (1) defines them).
訴訟記録の閲覧等、非電磁的証拠収集処分記録の閲覧等又は電磁的証拠収集処分記録の閲覧等
秘匿決定
In Chapter VIII of Part I (concealing parties' addresses and identifying information), a ruling under Article 133, paragraph (1) to keep the address (住所) or name (氏名) of a person seeking anonymity (秘匿対象者) confidential from the parties.
In Article 133-2, a part of the case records or filing records (訴訟記録等), other than the part containing what was notified to the court (秘匿事項届出部分), in which the address or identifying information of a person seeking anonymity (秘匿事項), or information from which it could be inferred, is written or recorded.
A petition asking the Supreme Court (最高裁判所), under Article 318, paragraph (1), to accept a case as the court of final appeal (上告) on the ground that it involves an important question of interpreting laws and regulations, such as a judgment below that conflicts with precedent; it may not rest on the grounds set out in Article 312, paragraphs (1) and (2).
消費者契約
A contract, other than an employment contract (労働契約), made between a consumer (消費者) and an enterprise (事業者).
就業場所
The domicile, residence, place of business or business office of another person at which the person to be served works under employment, a mandate (委任) or another legal act — a place where documents may be served on them.
送達すべき電磁的記録
In Section 4 of Part I, Chapter V (service), an electronic or magnetic record (電磁的記録) to be served that has been recorded in the court's computer files (ファイル) under this Code or other laws and regulations.
In Chapter VI of Part I (dispositions on the collection of evidence before an action is filed), the person who has given an advance notice (予告通知) that they will file an action.
In Chapter VI of Part I (dispositions on the collection of evidence before an action is filed), the person who has received an advance notice (予告通知) — the would-be defendant in the action the notice announces.
消費者
Any individual, except when becoming a party to a contract as a business or for the purposes of a business.
個人（事業として又は事業のために契約の当事者となる場合におけるものを除く。）
A civil dispute arising between an individual worker and an employer (事業主) over whether an employment contract (労働契約) exists or over any other matter of their labor relations.
住所等
In Subsection 2 (service of documents) of Section 4 of Part I, Chapter V, the domicile, residence, place of business or business office of the person to be served, where documents are served on them.
電子情報処理組織を使用する申立て等
In Article 132-10, a motion or statement (申立て等) filed by recording the information that would go in the paper document into the court's computer files (ファイル), using an electronic data processing system (電子情報処理組織) the Rules of the Supreme Court (最高裁判所規則) specify.
In Article 17 of the original supplementary provisions (附則) of this Code (Act No. 109 of 1996), the withdrawal of an action, or the withdrawal of an objection to a final judgment in an action on bills or notes (手形訴訟) or an action on checks (小切手訴訟).
事業者
The business side of a contract: any corporation or other association or foundation (社団又は財団), and any individual who becomes a party to a contract as a business or for the purposes of a business.
法人その他の社団又は財団及び事業として又は事業のために契約の当事者となる場合における個人
In Article 94, paragraphs (1) and (2) and Article 256, paragraph (3), an electronic or magnetic record (電磁的記録) that a court clerk (裁判所書記官) prepares, as the Rules of the Supreme Court (最高裁判所規則) provide, recording the date, time and place at which a person must appear, to notify them that they must appear on a court date (期日) the presiding judge has set.
裁判所書記官が、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、裁判長が指定した期日に出頭すべき旨を告知するために出頭すべき者において出頭すべき日時及び場所を記録して作成した電磁的記録
In Article 107, paragraphs (1) to (3), registered mail, or a correspondence delivery service (信書便) provided by a general or specified correspondence delivery operator under the Act on Correspondence Delivery by Private Business Operators (Act No. 99 of 2002) that the Rules of the Supreme Court (最高裁判所規則) specify as equivalent to registered mail.
In Article 133-4, paragraphs (1), (2) and (7), an anonymity ruling (秘匿決定), a ruling under Article 133-2, paragraph (2) limiting who may access the parts of the records containing the personal information of a person seeking anonymity, or a ruling under Article 133-3, paragraph (1) limiting who may access the records of an investigation the court commissioned into a party's address or identity.
指定簡易裁判所
In Articles 397 to 399, a summary court (簡易裁判所) that the Rules of the Supreme Court (最高裁判所規則) designate as a court handling demand procedures (督促手続) under Part VIII, Chapter II, where an application for a demand for payment (支払督促) may be filed using an electronic data processing system (電子情報処理組織).
This Act as it stood before Article 2 of Act No. 48 of 2022 amended it.
非電磁的訴訟記録の閲覧等
In Article 45, paragraph (5) and Article 92, paragraph (1), inspecting or copying hard-copy case records (非電磁的訴訟記録), or obtaining an authenticated copy, transcript or extract or a reproduction of them.
In Article 45, paragraph (5) and Article 92, paragraph (1), inspecting or copying electronic or magnetic case records (電磁的訴訟記録), or obtaining a paper document or an electronic or magnetic record certifying all or part of their content.
In Article 132-7 and Article 133-2, paragraph (5), information recorded under this Code or other laws and regulations in the court's computer files (ファイル).
The land or co-ownership share (共有持分) covered by an administration order for unclaimed land (所有者不明土地管理命令), the movables (動産) the order extends to, and the property the administrator of unclaimed land (所有者不明土地管理人) has obtained by managing or disposing of them or in other ways.
所有者不明土地管理人
In Article 125, paragraphs (1) and (2), the administrator of unclaimed land as defined in Article 264-2, paragraph (4) of the Civil Code: the person the court must appoint, in an administration order for unclaimed land (所有者不明土地管理命令), to manage the land or co-ownership share (共有持分) the order covers.
同条第四項に規定する所有者不明土地管理人
所有者不明土地管理命令
In Article 125, paragraphs (1) and (2), an administration order for unclaimed land as defined in Article 264-2, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code: a court order, made at the request of an interested person where the court finds it necessary, placing land whose owner cannot be identified or located — or, for land with several co-owners, a co-ownership share (共有持分) whose holder cannot be identified or located — under management by an administrator of unclaimed land (所有者不明土地管理人).
民法第二百六十四条の二第一項に規定する所有者不明土地管理命令
In Article 132-4, paragraph (1), item (ii) and Article 132-5, paragraph (1), item (ii), a Japanese or foreign government agency or public office, or a school, chamber of commerce, exchange or other organization, that the court may ask to conduct an examination before an action is filed.
住所等
In Article 133, paragraphs (1) and (2), the domicile, residence or other place where a person making a motion or statement (申立て等), or that person's legal representative (法定代理人), is ordinarily present — information the court may rule to keep confidential from the parties.
In Article 133, paragraphs (1) and (2), the name of a person making a motion or statement (申立て等) or of that person's legal representative (法定代理人), or any other information enough to identify them.
In Article 133-2, paragraph (2), the address (住所等) — domicile, residence or other place where they are ordinarily present — or the name or other identifying information (氏名等) of a person seeking anonymity (秘匿対象者).
In Article 133-2, the part of the case records or filing records (訴訟記録等) containing what a person seeking anonymity (秘匿対象者) has notified to the court under Article 133, paragraph (2): their address or identifying information, and other information the Rules of the Supreme Court (最高裁判所規則) specify.
In Article 133-2, paragraphs (5) and (6), the electronic or magnetic case records (電磁的訴訟記録), or the part of the record of a case in which a disposition under Article 132-4, paragraph (1) has been petitioned for that is information from the court's computer files (ファイル記録事項).
電磁的訴訟記録又は第百三十二条の四第一項の処分の申立てに係る事件の記録中ファイル記録事項に係る部分
In the original supplementary provisions (附則) of this Code (Act No. 109 of 1996), the Code of Civil Procedure (民事訴訟法) in force before this Code, as it stood before Article 2 of those provisions amended it.
特許権等に関する訴え
An action concerning a patent right, a utility model right, a layout-design exploitation right for an integrated circuit (回路配置利用権), or an author's right in a computer program (プログラムの著作物).
This Act as amended by Article 1 of Act No. 152 of 2004.
This Act as it stood before Article 1 of Act No. 152 of 2004 amended it.
In Article 104 of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 102 of 2005, this Code as amended by Article 105 of that Act.
In Article 104 of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 102 of 2005, this Code as it stood before Article 105 of that Act amended it.
In Articles 2 and 4 of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 48 of 2022, personal status litigation as defined in Article 2 of the Personal Status Litigation Act: litigation on an action to form a personal status relationship (身分関係) or to confirm whether one exists, such as an action for divorce, for the nullity or annulment of a marriage or an adoption, or to confirm whether a parent-child relationship exists.
人事訴訟法第二条に規定する人事訴訟
In Articles 2 and 4 of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 48 of 2022, litigation within the jurisdiction of a family court (家庭裁判所) on an action under Article 24 or Articles 33 to 35 of the Civil Enforcement Act — an action for an execution judgment (執行判決) on a foreign court's judgment, an action for the grant of a certificate of execution (執行文), an action objecting to the grant of a certificate of execution, or an action objecting to the claim (請求異議の訴え) — including Articles 33 and 34 as Article 46 of the Civil Provisional Remedies Act applies them.
民事執行法第二十四条又は第三十三条から第三十五条まで（第二十四条及び第三十五条を除き、これらの規定を民事保全法第四十六条において準用する場合を含む。）に規定する訴えに係る訴訟であって家庭裁判所の管轄に属するもの
In Article 92 and Article 133, paragraph (3), access to a case record (訴訟記録の閲覧等): access to hard-copy case records (非電磁的訴訟記録の閲覧等) — inspecting or copying them, or obtaining an authenticated copy, transcript or extract or a reproduction of them — or access to electronic or magnetic case records (電磁的訴訟記録の閲覧等) — inspecting or copying them, or obtaining a paper document or electronic or magnetic record certifying all or part of their content.
非電磁的訴訟記録の閲覧等又は電磁的訴訟記録の閲覧等
所有者不明建物管理命令
In Article 125, paragraph (3), an administration order for unclaimed buildings as defined in Article 264-8, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code: a court order, made at the request of an interested person where the court finds it necessary, placing a building whose owner cannot be identified or located — or, for a building with several co-owners, a co-ownership share (共有持分) whose holder cannot be identified or located — under management by an administrator of an unclaimed building (所有者不明建物管理人).
民法第二百六十四条の八第一項に規定する所有者不明建物管理命令
嘱託等を受けた者
In Article 132-6, paragraph (3), a body or person the court has asked, under Article 132-4, paragraph (1), item (ii) or (iii), to conduct an examination or to state an expert opinion, or a court execution officer (執行官) it has ordered under item (iv) to examine the present state of a thing.
In Article 132-7 and Article 133, paragraph (3), access to a hard-copy record of a disposition on the collection of evidence (非電磁的証拠収集処分記録の閲覧等): inspecting or copying the record of a case in which a disposition under Article 132-4, paragraph (1) (collecting evidence before an action is filed) has been petitioned for, other than its part that is information from the court's computer files (ファイル記録事項), or obtaining an authenticated copy, transcript or extract or a reproduction of it.
第百三十二条の四第一項の処分の申立てに係る事件の記録（ファイル記録事項に係る部分を除く。）の閲覧若しくは謄写、その正本、謄本若しくは抄本の交付又はその複製
署名等
In Article 132-10, paragraph (4), signing, writing or printing one's name, affixing a seal, or otherwise putting one's name or trade name (名称) on a paper document (書面等).
署名、記名、押印その他氏名又は名称を書面等に記載すること
In Article 189, paragraph (4), a judicial decision imposing a civil fine (過料) that has already been executed when an immediate appeal (即時抗告) is filed against it.
刑事事件関係書類等
In paragraph (3) of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 96 of 2001, documents concerning the litigation of criminal cases, records of juvenile protection cases (少年の保護事件), and documents seized in those cases, whose use in civil litigation the government was to take into account when reviewing orders to produce documents (文書提出命令) held by public officials.
The date Act No. 88 of 2004, the amending Act these supplementary provisions (附則) belong to, comes into effect.
Short name for the 2022 Act amending the Penal Code and other laws (刑法等の一部を改正する法律, Act No. 67 of 2022).
Short name, used in the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 28 of 2023, for the Special Criminal Act Attendant upon the Enforcement of the "Agreement Regarding the Status of United Nations Forces in Japan" (Act No. 151 of 1954).
Short name, used in the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 28 of 2023, for the Special Criminal Act Attendant upon the Enforcement of the Protocol on the Exercise of Criminal Jurisdiction over United Nations Forces in Japan (Act No. 265 of 1953).
Short name, used in the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 28 of 2023, for the Special Criminal Act Attendant upon the Enforcement of the "Agreement under Article VI of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between Japan and the United States of America regarding Facilities and Areas and the Status of United States Armed Forces in Japan" (Act No. 138 of 1952).
Short name for the Act Partially Amending the Civil Code, etc. (Act No. 45 of 2026).