Even when the Japanese courts have jurisdiction over an action (unless an action is filed based on an agreement that only permits an action to be filed with the Japanese courts), the court may deny the whole or part of an action if it finds that there are special circumstances because of which, if the Japanese courts were to conduct a trial and reach a judicial decision in the action, it would be inequitable to either party or prevent a fair and speedy trial, in consideration of the nature of the case, the degree of burden that the defendant would have to bear in responding to the action, the location of evidence, and other circumstances.
裁判所は、訴えについて日本の裁判所が管轄権を有することとなる場合（日本の裁判所にのみ訴えを提起することができる旨の合意に基づき訴えが提起された場合を除く。）においても、事案の性質、応訴による被告の負担の程度、証拠の所在地その他の事情を考慮して、日本の裁判所が審理及び裁判をすることが当事者間の衡平を害し、又は適正かつ迅速な審理の実現を妨げることとなる特別の事情があると認めるときは、その訴えの全部又は一部を却下することができる。
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