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If there are circumstances involving a judge which could prejudice the impartiality of a judicial decision, a party may challenge that judge.
裁判官について裁判の公正を妨げるべき事情があるときは、当事者は、その裁判官を忌避することができる。
Once a party has presented an oral argument or entered a statement in preparatory proceedings before a judge, the party may not challenge that judge; provided, however, that this does not apply if the party did not know of the existence of any grounds for challenge at that time or if the grounds for the challenge occur thereafter.
当事者は、裁判官の面前において弁論をし、又は弁論準備手続において申述をしたときは、その裁判官を忌避することができない。ただし、忌避の原因があることを知らなかったとき、又は忌避の原因がその後に生じたときは、この限りでない。
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