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Chapter VII Realization of Bankruptcy Estates (Articles 184 to 187)
The law as Act on the Arrangement of Related Acts to Promote the Use of Information and Communications Technology in Civil Procedures, etc. (Act No. 53 of 2023) leaves it, with the words it changes marked.
The main text is read a page at a time: a chapter to a page, and a long chapter in runs of articles. The whole main text, and the supplementary provisions and appended tables this amendment changes. Those it leaves untouched are on the page for the text in force.
Realization of the property referred to in Article 78, paragraph (2), items (i) and (ii) is conducted pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Enforcement Act and other laws and regulations concerning a procedure for enforcement except when it is conducted through sale by private contract pursuant to those provisions.
第七十八条第二項第一号及び第二号に掲げる財産の換価は、これらの規定により任意売却をする場合を除き、民事執行法その他強制執行の手続に関する法令の規定によってする。
A bankruptcy trustee may realize the collateral for the right of separate satisfaction. In this case, the holder of the right of separate satisfaction may not refuse the realization pursuant to the provisions of the Civil Enforcement Act and other laws and regulations concerning a procedure for enforcement.
破産管財人は、民事執行法その他強制執行の手続に関する法令の規定により、別除権の目的である財産の換価をすることができる。この場合においては、別除権者は、その換価を拒むことができない。
In the cases referred to in the preceding two paragraphs, the provisions of Article 63 and Article 129 of the Civil Enforcement Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provisions of that Act and other laws and regulations concerning a procedure for enforcement) do not apply.
前二項の場合には、民事執行法第六十三条及び第百二十九条（これらの規定を同法その他強制執行の手続に関する法令において準用する場合を含む。）の規定は、適用しない。
In the case referred to in paragraph (2), if the amount to be received by a holder of a right of separate satisfaction has not been finalized, a bankruptcy trustee must separately deposit the fee. In this case, the right of separate satisfaction exists upon the fee deposited.
第二項の場合において、別除権者が受けるべき金額がまだ確定していないときは、破産管財人は、代金を別に寄託しなければならない。この場合においては、別除権は、寄託された代金につき存する。
If a holder of a right of separate satisfaction has a right to dispose of the collateral for the right of separate satisfaction by means other than that prescribed by law, upon the petition of a bankruptcy trustee, the court may specify a period during which the holder of the right of separate satisfaction should dispose of the collateral.
別除権者が法律に定められた方法によらないで別除権の目的である財産の処分をする権利を有するときは、裁判所は、破産管財人の申立てにより、別除権者がその処分をすべき期間を定めることができる。
A holder of a right of separate satisfaction that fails to dispose the collateral within the period stated in the preceding paragraph loses the right referred to in that paragraph.
別除権者は、前項の期間内に処分をしないときは、同項の権利を失う。
An immediate appeal may be filed against a judicial decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1).
第一項の申立てについての裁判に対しては、即時抗告をすることができる。
When a judicial decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1) and a judicial decision on the immediate appeal referred to in the preceding paragraph are made, the writtenelectronic judgments must be served upon the parties concerned. In this case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
第一項の申立てについての裁判及び前項の即時抗告についての裁判があった場合には、その電子裁判書を当事者に送達しなければならない。この場合においては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。
If any security interest (meaning a special statutory lien, pledge, mortgage, or a right of retention under the provisions of the Commercial Code or the Companies Act; the same applies below in this Section) exists at the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings against property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate, if it is in the common interest of bankruptcy creditors to extinguish the security interests by selling the property by private contract, a bankruptcy trustee may file a petition to the court for permission to sell the property by private contract and extinguish all security interests on the property by paying to the court the amount of money specified in each of the following items in accordance with the category stated in the respective items; however, this does not apply if it is found that this would unduly harm the interest of the persons who hold the security interests:
破産手続開始の時において破産財団に属する財産につき担保権（特別の先取特権、質権、抵当権又は商法若しくは会社法の規定による留置権をいう。以下この節において同じ。）が存する場合において、当該財産を任意に売却して当該担保権を消滅させることが破産債権者の一般の利益に適合するときは、破産管財人は、裁判所に対し、当該財産を任意に売却し、次の各号に掲げる区分に応じてそれぞれ当該各号に定める額に相当する金銭が裁判所に納付されることにより当該財産につき存するすべての担保権を消滅させることについての許可の申立てをすることができる。ただし、当該担保権を有する者の利益を不当に害することとなると認められるときは、この限りでない。
when a bankruptcy trustee seeks to transfer part of the amount of money that can be obtained from the counterparty through sale (excluding the amount of money consisting of the amount of actual costs already paid or to be paid in the future from the bankruptcy estate for concluding and performing the sales contract and the amount of consumption tax, etc. to be imposed on the transfer of the property (meaning the amount of consumption tax and the amount of local consumption tax to be imposed based on the former amount as a tax base; hereinafter the same applies in this Section), which is to be borne by the counterparty under the sales contract; referred to below as "proceeds" in this Section) into the bankruptcy estate: the amount obtained by deducting the amount of money to be deducted from the proceeds and added to the bankruptcy estate (referred to below as the "money deducted from the proceeds and added to the bankruptcy estate" in this Section) from the amount of proceeds; or
破産管財人が、売却によってその相手方から取得することができる金銭（売買契約の締結及び履行のために要する費用のうち破産財団から現に支出し又は将来支出すべき実費の額並びに当該財産の譲渡に課されるべき消費税額等（当該消費税額及びこれを課税標準として課されるべき地方消費税額をいう。以下この節において同じ。）に相当する額であって、当該売買契約において相手方の負担とされるものに相当する金銭を除く。以下この節において「売得金」という。）の一部を破産財団に組み入れようとする場合 売得金の額から破産財団に組み入れようとする金銭（以下この節において「組入金」という。）の額を控除した額
cases other than the one stated in the preceding item:the amount of proceeds.
前号に掲げる場合以外の場合 売得金の額
In the case stated in item (i) of the preceding paragraph, a bankruptcy trustee that seeks to file a petition referred to in that paragraph must consult with the person that holds the security interest in question in advance with regard to the amount of money deducted from the proceeds and added to the bankruptcy estate.
前項第一号に掲げる場合には、同項の申立てをしようとする破産管財人は、組入金の額について、あらかじめ、当該担保権を有する者と協議しなければならない。
The petition referred to in paragraph (1) must be filed by means of a document stating the following particulars (referred to below as a "written petition" in this Section):
第一項の申立ては、次に掲げる事項を記載した書面（以下この節において「申立書」という。）でしなければならない。
the indication of the property that is the subject of a security interest;
担保権の目的である財産の表示
the amount of proceeds (if the property referred to in the preceding item consists of two or more pieces of property, the amount of proceeds and the amount allocated to each piece of property);
売得金の額（前号の財産が複数あるときは、売得金の額及びその各財産ごとの内訳の額）
the name of the counterparty to the sale of the property referred to in item (i);
第一号の財産の売却の相手方の氏名又は名称
the indication of the security interest required to be extinguished;
消滅すべき担保権の表示
the amount of claim secured by the security interests referred to in the preceding item;
前号の担保権によって担保される債権の額
in the case stated in paragraph (1), item (i), the amount of money to be deducted from the proceeds and added to the estate (if the property referred to in item (i) consists of two or more pieces of property, the amount of money to be deducted from the proceeds and added to the bankruptcy estate and the amount allocated to each piece of property); and
第一項第一号に掲げる場合には、組入金の額（第一号の財産が複数あるときは、組入金の額及びその各財産ごとの内訳の額）
the content and process of the consultation under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
前項の規定による協議の内容及びその経過
A When a petition referred to in paragraph (1) is filed, a document or electronic or magnetic record stating or recording the content of the sales contract for the sale of the property referred to in item (i) of the preceding paragraph (including, of the costs required for concluding and performing the sales contract,amount of money consisting of the amount of actual costs already paid or to be paid in the future from the bankruptcy estate, for concluding and an amount equivalent to performing the sales contract and the amount of consumption tax, etc. to be imposed on the transfer of the property, which is to be borne by the counterparty under the sales contract) must be attachedsubmitted to the written petitioncourt.
申立書に第一項の申立てをするときは、前項第一号の財産の売却に係る売買契約の内容（売買契約の締結及び履行のために要する費用のうち破産財団から現に支出し又は将来支出すべき実費の額並びに当該財産の譲渡に課されるべき消費税額等に相当する額であって、当該売買契約において相手方の負担とされるものを含む。）を記載し、又は記録した書面を添付又は電磁的記録を裁判所に提出しなければならない。
If a petition referred to in paragraph (1) is filed, the written petition and the document or the electronic or magnetic record referred to in the preceding paragraph must be served upon the person that holds the security interest referred to in paragraph (3), item (iv) which is stated in the written petition (referred to below as a "designated security interest holder" in this Section). In this case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
第一項の申立てがあった場合には、申立書及び前項の書面又は電磁的記録を、当該申立書に記載された第三項第四号の担保権を有する者（以下この節において「被申立担保権者」という。）に送達しなければならない。この場合においては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。
If a designated security interest holder has an objection to the petition referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, they may, submit to the court a document or an electronic or magnetic record that certifies their filing of a petition for exercise of security interest within one month after the day on which the written petition and the document or the electronic or magnetic record referred to in paragraph (4) of that Article areis served upon all designated security interest holders pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5) of that Article, submit to the court a document that certifies their filing of a petition for exercise of security interests.
被申立担保権者は、前条第一項の申立てにつき異議があるときは、同条第五項の規定によりすべ全ての被申立担保権者に申立書及び同条第四項の書面又は電磁的記録の送達がされた日から一月以内に、担保権の実行の申立てをしたことを証する書面又は電磁的記録を裁判所に提出することができる。
The court may extend the period referred to in the preceding paragraph upon the petition of a designated security interest holder, only if the designated security interest holder has compelling reasons.
裁判所は、被申立担保権者につきやむを得ない事由がある場合に限り、当該被申立担保権者の申立てにより、前項の期間を伸長することができる。
If there is an agreement between a bankruptcy trustee and a designated security interest holder with regard to the amounts of proceeds and of money to be deducted from the proceeds and added to the estate (in the case stated in paragraph (1), item (ii) of the preceding Article, the amount of proceeds), the designated security interest holder may not file a petition for exercise of security interests.
破産管財人と被申立担保権者との間に売得金及び組入金の額（前条第一項第二号に掲げる場合にあっては、売得金の額）について合意がある場合には、当該被申立担保権者は、担保権の実行の申立てをすることができない。
A designated security interest holder may not file a petition for exercise of security interests after the period referred to in paragraph (1) (if it is extended pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2), the extended period; the same applies below in this Section) has expired, except when an order of permission referred to in Article 189, paragraph (1) is reversed pursuant to the provisions of Article 190, paragraph (6) or an order of non-permission referred to in that paragraph becomes final and binding.
被申立担保権者は、第一項の期間（第二項の規定により伸長されたときは、その伸長された期間。以下この節において同じ。）が経過した後は、第百九十条第六項の規定により第百八十九条第一項の許可の決定が取り消され、又は同項の不許可の決定が確定した場合を除き、担保権の実行の申立てをすることができない。
If the petition for exercise of security interestsinterest has been withdrawn or dismissed without prejudice after a document or an electronic or magnetic record that certifies the filing of a petition for exercising security interests referred to in paragraph (1) was submitted, the document or the electronic or magnetic record is deemed not to have been submitted. The same applies when the procedure for exercising security interests referred to in that paragraph is reversed pursuant to the provisions of Article 63 of the Civil Enforcement Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 188 of that Act, or Article 129 of that Act as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 192 of that Act (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to that Act and other laws and regulations concerning a procedure for enforcement).
第一項の担保権の実行の申立てをしたことを証する書面又は電磁的記録が提出された後に、当該担保権の実行の申立てが取り下げられ、又は却下された場合には、当該書面又は電磁的記録は提出されなかったものとみなす。民事執行法第百八十八条において準用する同法第六十三条又は同法第百九十二条において準用する同法第百二十九条（これらの規定を同法その他強制執行の手続に関する法令において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により同項の担保権の実行の手続が取り消された場合も、同様とする。
After an order of non-permission stated in Article 189, paragraph (1) has becomebecame final and binding, if a petition for exercising security interests referred to in paragraph (1) has been withdrawn or dismissed and a bankruptcy trustee files a petition referred to in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, the designated security interest holder that has filed the petition for exercising security interests may not, notwithstanding submit the provisions of paragraph (1), submit the documentdocument or the electronic or magnetic record that certifies their filing of the petition for exercising security interests referred to in that paragraph, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1).
第百八十九条第一項の不許可の決定が確定した後に、第一項の担保権の実行の申立てが取り下げられ、又は却下された場合において、破産管財人が前条第一項の申立てをしたときは、当該担保権の実行の申立てをした被申立担保権者は、第一項の規定にかかわらず、同項の担保権の実行の申立てをしたことを証する書面又は電磁的記録を提出することができない。