Search provisions, jump to a law or an article
This text is not in force yetIt by 13 June 2028, on a day set by — at the latest in 2 years
Read the text in force →破産法
Chapter XII Discharge Proceedings and Release from Restrictions (Articles 253 to 256)
The law as Act on the Arrangement of Related Acts to Promote the Use of Information and Communications Technology in Civil Procedures, etc. (Act No. 53 of 2023) leaves it, with the words it changes marked.
The main text is read a page at a time: a chapter to a page, and a long chapter in runs of articles. The whole main text, and the supplementary provisions and appended tables this amendment changes. Those it leaves untouched are on the page for the text in force.
When an order to grant a discharge becomes final and binding, the bankrupt is discharged from their liabilities for bankruptcy claims, except for distribution in bankruptcy proceedings; provided, however, that this does not apply to the following claims:
免責許可の決定が確定したときは、破産者は、破産手続による配当を除き、破産債権について、その責任を免れる。ただし、次に掲げる請求権については、この限りでない。
a claim for tax, etc. (excluding a claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance);
租税等の請求権（共助対象外国租税の請求権を除く。）
a claim for damages for a tort that the bankrupt has committed in bad faith;
破産者が悪意で加えた不法行為に基づく損害賠償請求権
a claim for damages for a tort that harms the life or body of another person which the bankrupt has committed intentionally or by gross negligence (excluding the claim stated in the preceding item);
破産者が故意又は重大な過失により加えた人の生命又は身体を害する不法行為に基づく損害賠償請求権（前号に掲げる請求権を除く。）
a claim related to any of the following obligations:
次に掲げる義務に係る請求権
the obligation to cooperate and provide mutual assistance between husband and wife under the provisions of Article 752 of the Civil Code;
民法第七百五十二条の規定による夫婦間の協力及び扶助の義務
the obligation to share expenses arising from marriage under the provisions of Article 760 of the Civil Code;
民法第七百六十条の規定による婚姻から生ずる費用の分担の義務
the obligation concerning the custody of a child under the provisions of Article 766 and Article 766-3 of the Civil Code (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 749, Article 771, and Article 788 of that Code);
民法第七百六十六条及び第七百六十六条の三（これらの規定を同法第七百四十九条、第七百七十一条及び第七百八十八条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による子の監護に関する義務
the obligation of support under the provisions of Articles 877 through 880 of the Civil Code;
民法第八百七十七条から第八百八十条までの規定による扶養の義務
any obligation similar to those stated in sub-items (a) through (d) above, which are under a contract;
イからニまでに掲げる義務に類する義務であって、契約に基づくもの
a claim of an employee and a claim for return of an employee's deposit, which have arisen from an employment relationship;
雇用関係に基づいて生じた使用人の請求権及び使用人の預り金の返還請求権
a claim that the bankrupt has not stated in the list of holders of dischargeable claims knowing its existence (excluding a claim held by a person that knew that an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings against the bankrupt has been made); or
破産者が知りながら債権者名簿に記載しなかった請求権（当該破産者について破産手続開始の決定があったことを知っていた者の有する請求権を除く。）
a claim for a fine, etc.
罰金等の請求権
An order to grant a discharge does not affect any rights held by bankruptcy creditors against the bankrupt's guarantor or any other person that owes debts jointly with the bankrupt and any security provided by persons other than the bankrupt in the interest of bankruptcy creditors.
免責許可の決定は、破産債権者が破産者の保証人その他破産者と共に債務を負担する者に対して有する権利及び破産者以外の者が破産債権者のために供した担保に影響を及ぼさない。
If an order to grant a discharge has become final and binding, when there is a an electronic schedule of bankruptcy creditors, pursuant to the provisions of the Rules of the Supreme Court, the court clerk must enterrecord in itthe schedule to the effect that the order to grant a discharge has become final and binding.
免責許可の決定が確定した場合において、電子破産債権者表があるときは、裁判所書記官は、こ最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、これに免責許可の決定が確定した旨を記載録しなければならない。
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), the effect of discharge under the provisions of that paragraph with regard to a claim for a foreign tax subject to mutual assistance may be asserted only in relation to the mutual assistance under the provisions of Article 11, paragraph (1) of the Act on Special Provisions for the Enforcement of Tax Treaties.
第一項の規定にかかわらず、共助対象外国租税の請求権についての同項の規定による免責の効力は、租税条約等実施特例法第十一条第一項の規定による共助との関係においてのみ主張することができる。
When a judgment finding the bankrupt guilty for the crime stated in Article 265 has become final and binding, upon the petition of a bankruptcy creditor or by its own authority, the court may issue an order of reversal of discharge. The same applies when an order to grant a discharge was issued due to unlawful means used by the bankrupt, and a bankruptcy creditor has filed a petition for reversal of discharge within one year after the order to grant a discharge was issued.
第二百六十五条の罪について破産者に対する有罪の判決が確定したときは、裁判所は、破産債権者の申立てにより又は職権で、免責取消しの決定をすることができる。破産者の不正の方法によって免責許可の決定がされた場合において、破産債権者が当該免責許可の決定があった後一年以内に免責取消しの申立てをしたときも、同様とする。
The court must, when it has issuedWhen an order of reversal of discharge, immediately serve the written judgment upon the bankrupt and is made, pursuant to the petitioner, and a document statingprovisions of the main textRules of the order upon bankruptcy creditors, respectively. In this case, with regard to service of the written judgment, the provisions ofSupreme Court, the court clerk must prepare an electronic or magnetic record which recorded the main clausetext of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not applythe order and record it in computer files.
裁判所は、免責取消しの決定をしたときは、直ちに、その裁判書を破産者及び申立人にがあった場合には、裁判所書記官は、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、その決定の主文を記載した書面を破産債権者に、それぞれ送達録した電磁的記録を作成し、これをファイルに記録しなければならない。この場合において、裁判書の送達については、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。
An immediate appeal may be filed against a judicial decision on The court must, when it has issued an order of reversal of discharge, immediately serve the petition referred to in paragraph (1) electronic judgment upon the bankrupt and the petitioner, and an order serve the electronic or magnetic record which was recorded in computer files pursuant to the provisions of reversal the preceding paragraph upon bankruptcy creditors. In this case, with regard to service of discharge by the electronic judgment, the court's own authorityprovisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
第一項の申立てについての裁判及び職権による裁判所は、免責取消しの決定に対しては、即時抗告をすることができるをしたときは、直ちに、その電子裁判書を破産者及び申立人に、前項の規定によりファイルに記録された電磁的記録を破産債権者に、それぞれ送達しなければならない。この場合において、電子裁判書の送達については、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。
When a judicial decision on theAn immediate appeal stated in the preceding paragraph is made, the written judgment must be served uponmay be filed against a judicial decision on the parties concerned. In this case, the provisions of the main clausepetition referred to in paragraph (1) and an order of reversal of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not applydischarge by the court's own authority.
前項の即時抗告第一項の申立てについての裁判があった場合には、その裁判書を当事者に送達しなければならない。この場合におい及び職権による免責取消しの決定に対しては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない即時抗告をすることができる。
When an order of reversal of discharge becomes final and bindinga judicial decision on the immediate appeal stated in the preceding paragraph is made, the order to grant a discharge ceases to be effectiveelectronic judgment must be served upon the parties concerned. In this case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
免責取消しの決定が確定したときは、免責許可の決定は、その効力を失う前項の即時抗告についての裁判があった場合には、その電子裁判書を当事者に送達しなければならない。この場合においては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。
When an order of reversal of discharge has becomebecomes final and binding, if there is a person that has acquired a claim against the bankrupt arising from a cause that occurred after the order to grant a discharge was issued and before the order of reversal of a discharge has become final and binding, the person has the right to receive payment of their claim in preferenceceases to other creditors in new bankruptcy proceedingsbe effective.
免責取消しの決定が確定した場合においてときは、免責許可の決定の確定後免責取消しの決定が確定するまでの間に生じた原因に基づいて破産者に対する債権を有するに至った者があるときは、その者は、新たな破産手続において、他の債権者に先立って自己の債権の弁済を受ける権利を有する効力を失う。
The provisions of paragraph (3)When an order of reversal of discharge has become final and binding, if there is a person that has acquired a claim against the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis when an bankrupt arising from a cause that occurred after the order to grant a discharge was issued and before the order of reversal of a discharge becomes has become final and binding, the person has the right to receive payment of their claim in preference to other creditors in new bankruptcy proceedings.
前条第三項の規定は、免責取消しの決定が確定した場合について準用おいて、免責許可の決定の確定後免責取消しの決定が確定するまでの間に生じた原因に基づいて破産者に対する債権を有するに至った者があるときは、その者は、新たな破産手続において、他の債権者に先立って自己の債権の弁済を受ける権利を有する。
The provisions of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis when an order of reversal of a discharge becomes final and binding.
前条第三項の規定は、免責取消しの決定が確定した場合について準用する。
The bankrupt's rights are released from restrictions in any of the following cases. The same applies when an order of release from restrictions referred to in paragraph (1) of the following Article becomes final and binding.
破産者は、次に掲げる事由のいずれかに該当する場合には、復権する。次条第一項の復権の決定が確定したときも、同様とする。
when an order to grant a discharge has become final and binding;
免責許可の決定が確定したとき。
when an order of discontinuance of bankruptcy proceedings under the provisions of Article 218, paragraph (1) has become final and binding;
第二百十八条第一項の規定による破産手続廃止の決定が確定したとき。
when an order of confirmation of the rehabilitation plan has become final and binding; or
再生計画認可の決定が確定したとき。
when ten years have elapsed after an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings was issued, and the bankrupt has not been given a final and binding judgment of conviction for the crime stated in Article 265 during this period.
破産者が、破産手続開始の決定後、第二百六十五条の罪について有罪の確定判決を受けることなく十年を経過したとき。
The effect of release from restrictions under the provisions of the preceding paragraph is as provided for by laws and regulations concerning personal qualifications.
前項の規定による復権の効果は、人の資格に関する法令の定めるところによる。
When an order of reversal of discharge or order of reversal of a rehabilitation plan becomes final and binding, the release from restrictions under the provisions of paragraph (1), item (i) or (iii) ceases to be effective from that time onwards.
免責取消しの決定又は再生計画取消しの決定が確定したときは、第一項第一号又は第三号の規定による復権は、将来に向かってその効力を失う。
When the bankrupt is discharged from all of their debts to bankruptcy creditors through payment or any other means, the bankruptcy court must issue an order of release from restrictions upon the petition of the bankrupt.
破産者が弁済その他の方法により破産債権者に対する債務の全部についてその責任を免れたときは、破産裁判所は、破産者の申立てにより、復権の決定をしなければならない。
The court must give a public notice to that effect when the petition referred to in the preceding paragraph is filed.
裁判所は、前項の申立てがあったときは、その旨を公告しなければならない。
A bankruptcy creditor may state their opinions on the petition stated in paragraph (1) to the court within three months from the day on which the public notice under the provisions of the preceding paragraph becomes effective.
破産債権者は、前項の規定による公告が効力を生じた日から起算して三月以内に、裁判所に対し、第一項の申立てについて意見を述べることができる。
When it has made a judicial decision on thea petition referred to in paragraph (1), the court must serve the written judgment upon the bankrupt, and a document stating is made, pursuant to the main textprovisions of the decision upon bankruptcy creditors, respectively. In this case, with regard to service of the written judgment, the provisions ofRules of the Supreme Court, the court clerk must prepare an electronic or magnetic record recording the main clausetext of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not applythe order and record it in computer files.
裁判所は、第一項の申立てについての裁判をしたときは、その裁判書を破産者にがあった場合には、裁判所書記官は、最高裁判所規則で定めるところにより、その主文を記載した書面を破産債権者に、それぞれ送達録した電磁的記録を作成し、これをファイルに記録しなければならない。この場合において、裁判書の送達については、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。
An immediate appeal may be filed againstWhen it has made a judicial decision on the petition referred to in paragraph (1), the court must serve the electronic judgment upon the bankrupt, and serve the electronic or magnetic record recorded in computer files pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph upon bankruptcy creditors. In this case, with regard to service of the electronic judgment, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
裁判所は、第一項の申立てについての裁判に対しては、即時抗告をすることができるをしたときは、その電子裁判書を破産者に、前項の規定によりファイルに記録された電磁的記録を破産債権者に、それぞれ送達しなければならない。この場合において、電子裁判書の送達については、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。
When a judicial decision on theAn immediate appeal referred to in the preceding paragraph is made, the written judgment mustmay be served upon the parties concerned. In this case, the provisions offiled against a judicial decision on the main clause of Article 10,petition referred to in paragraph (3) do not apply1).
前項の即時抗告第一項の申立てについての裁判があった場合には、その裁判書を当事者に送達しなければならない。この場合においに対しては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない即時抗告をすることができる。
When a judicial decision on the immediate appeal referred to in the preceding paragraph is made, the electronic judgment must be served upon the parties concerned. In this case, the provisions of the main clause of Article 10, paragraph (3) do not apply.
前項の即時抗告についての裁判があった場合には、その電子裁判書を当事者に送達しなければならない。この場合においては、第十条第三項本文の規定は、適用しない。