Article 23Prefectural Disaster Management Headquarters
第二十三条（都道府県災害対策本部）
In cases where a disaster involving an area of a prefecture has occurred or is likely to occur, when the prefectural governor finds it necessary for the promotion of disaster management, the governor may establish a prefectural disaster management headquarters pursuant to the provisions of a prefectural area disaster management plan.
The prefectural disaster management headquarters is headed by a chairperson, and the prefectural governor serves as chairperson.
都道府県災害対策本部の長は、都道府県災害対策本部長とし、都道府県知事をもつて充てる。
An assistant chairperson, headquarters members and other officials are assigned to the prefectural disaster management headquarters, and they are appointed by the relevant prefectural governor from among officials of the relevant prefecture.
都道府県災害対策本部に、都道府県災害対策副本部長、都道府県災害対策本部員その他の職員を置き、当該都道府県の職員のうちから、当該都道府県の知事が任命する。
The prefectural disaster management headquarters perform the following affairs pursuant to the provisions of the prefectural area disaster management plan:
都道府県災害対策本部は、都道府県地域防災計画の定めるところにより、次に掲げる事務を行う。
gathering of information relating to disaster involving an area of the relevant prefecture;
当該都道府県の地域に係る災害に関する情報を収集すること。
formulation of a policy to accurately and promptly implement disaster prevention and emergency disaster control measures concerning an area of the relevant prefecture, and implementation of disaster prevention and emergency disaster control measures in line with that policy;
当該都道府県の地域に係る災害予防及び災害応急対策を的確かつ迅速に実施するための方針を作成し、並びに当該方針に沿つて災害予防及び災害応急対策を実施すること。
concerning disaster prevention and emergency disaster control measures concerning an area of the relevant prefecture, liaison and coordination are to be held with the relevant prefecture, relevant designated local administrative organs, relevant local governments, relevant designated public corporations, and relevant designated local public corporations.
当該都道府県の地域に係る災害予防及び災害応急対策に関し、当該都道府県並びに関係指定地方行政機関、関係地方公共団体、関係指定公共機関及び関係指定地方公共機関相互間の連絡調整を図ること。
The prefectural governor may, pursuant to the provisions of a prefectural area disaster management plan, establish on-site prefectural disaster management headquarters within the prefectural disaster management headquarters as an organization to carry out part of the affairs of the relevant prefectural disaster management headquarters within the site of the disaster area.
都道府県知事は、都道府県地域防災計画の定めるところにより、都道府県災害対策本部に、災害地にあつて当該都道府県災害対策本部の事務の一部を行う組織として、都道府県現地災害対策本部を置くことができる。
The chairperson of the prefectural disaster management headquarters may give to the prefectural police or the prefectural board of education necessary instructions, to the extent necessary for the implementation of disaster prevention or emergency disaster control measures concerning an area of the relevant prefecture.
都道府県災害対策本部長は、当該都道府県警察又は当該都道府県の教育委員会に対し、当該都道府県の地域に係る災害予防又は災害応急対策を実施するため必要な限度において、必要な指示をすることができる。
When the chairperson of the prefectural disaster management headquarters finds it necessary for the accurate and prompt implementation of disaster prevention or emergency disaster control measures concerning an area of the relevant prefecture, that chairperson may seek the provision of materials or information, expression of opinions, or other necessary cooperation from the head of a relevant administrative organ, the head of a relevant local administrative organ, the head or any other executive agency of a local government, designated public corporations and designated local public corporations, organizations cooperating in support of disaster victims prescribed in Article 33-2, paragraph (1) that have received registration from the Prime Minister pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph (hereinafter referred to as "registered organizations cooperating in support of disaster victims"), or other parties concerned.
都道府県災害対策本部長は、当該都道府県の地域に係る災害予防又は災害応急対策を的確かつ迅速に実施するため必要があると認めるときは、関係行政機関の長及び関係地方行政機関の長、地方公共団体の長その他の執行機関、指定公共機関及び指定地方公共機関、第三十三条の二第一項の規定により内閣総理大臣の登録を受けた同項に規定する被災者援護協力団体（以下「登録被災者援護協力団体」という。）並びにその他の関係者に対し、資料又は情報の提供、意見の表明その他必要な協力を求めることができる。
Beyond what is provided for in each of the preceding paragraphs, other necessary matters of the prefectural disaster management headquarters are prescribed by a prefectural ordinance.
前各項に規定するもののほか、都道府県災害対策本部に関し必要な事項は、都道府県の条例で定める。
Article 23-2Municipal Disaster Management Headquarters
第二十三条の二（市町村災害対策本部）
In cases where a disaster involving an area of a municipality has occurred or is likely to occur, when the mayor of a municipality finds it necessary for the promotion of disaster management, that mayor may establish municipal disaster management headquarters pursuant to the provisions of a municipal area disaster management plan.
The municipal disaster management headquarters is headed by a chairperson, and the mayor serves as chairperson.
市町村災害対策本部の長は、市町村災害対策本部長とし、市町村長をもつて充てる。
An assistant chairperson, headquarters members and other officials are assigned to the municipal disaster management headquarters, and they are appointed by the mayor of the relevant municipality from among officials of the relevant municipality or the fire chief having jurisdiction over the area of the relevant municipality or firefighters appointed by that chief.
市町村災害対策本部に、市町村災害対策副本部長、市町村災害対策本部員その他の職員を置き、当該市町村の職員又は当該市町村の区域を管轄する消防長若しくはその指名する消防吏員のうちから、当該市町村の市町村長が任命する。
The municipal disaster management headquarters perform the following affairs pursuant to the provisions of the municipal area disaster management plan. In this case, the municipal disaster management headquarters must endeavor to ensure coordination with relevant designated local administrative organs, relevant local governments, relevant designated public corporations, and relevant designated local public corporations if necessary.
市町村災害対策本部は、市町村地域防災計画の定めるところにより、次に掲げる事務を行う。この場合において、市町村災害対策本部は、必要に応じ、関係指定地方行政機関、関係地方公共団体、関係指定公共機関及び関係指定地方公共機関との連携の確保に努めなければならない。
Gathering of information relating to disaster involving an area of the relevant municipality.
当該市町村の地域に係る災害に関する情報を収集すること。
Formulation of a policy to accurately and promptly implement disaster prevention and emergency disaster control measures concerning an area of the relevant municipality, and implementation of disaster prevention and emergency disaster control measures in line with that policy.
当該市町村の地域に係る災害予防及び災害応急対策を的確かつ迅速に実施するための方針を作成し、並びに当該方針に沿つて災害予防及び災害応急対策を実施すること。
Pursuant to the provisions of a municipal area disaster management plan, the mayor of a municipality may establish on-site municipal disaster management headquarters within the municipal disaster management headquarters to function as an organization to carry out part of the affairs of the relevant municipal disaster management headquarters at the site of the disaster area.
市町村長は、市町村地域防災計画の定めるところにより、市町村災害対策本部に、災害地にあつて当該市町村災害対策本部の事務の一部を行う組織として、市町村現地災害対策本部を置くことができる。
The chairperson of the municipal disaster management headquarters may give necessary instructions to the board of education of the relevant municipality to the extent necessary for the implementation of disaster prevention or emergency disaster control measures concerning an area of the relevant municipality.
市町村災害対策本部長は、当該市町村の教育委員会に対し、当該市町村の地域に係る災害予防又は災害応急対策を実施するため必要な限度において、必要な指示をすることができる。
The provisions of paragraph (7) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the chairperson of the municipal disaster management headquarters. In this case, the term "the relevant prefecture" in the same paragraph is deemed to be replaced with "the relevant municipality".
Beyond what is provided for in each of the preceding paragraphs, other necessary matters of the municipal disaster management headquarters are prescribed by a municipal ordinance.
前各項に規定するもののほか、市町村災害対策本部に関し必要な事項は、市町村の条例で定める。
Section 3 Specified Disaster Management Headquarters, Extraordinary Disaster Management Headquarters, and Headquarters for Emergency Disaster Control
第三節 特定災害対策本部、非常災害対策本部及び緊急災害対策本部
Article 23-3Establishment of Specified Disaster Management Headquarters
第二十三条の三（特定災害対策本部の設置）
In cases where a disaster (limited to one that is found not to fall within the scope of an extraordinary disaster in terms of its scale; hereinafter the same applies in this paragraph) has occurred or is likely to occur, and the disaster would cause an imminent danger to the lives or bodies of people and is found to incur a special necessity to pursue emergency disaster control measures in light of the conditions in the area affected by the disaster and other circumstances (hereinafter referred to as a "specified disaster"), the Prime Minister may temporarily establish a specified disaster management headquarters in the Disaster Management Agency, as an administrative organ that systematically constitutes its organization.
災害（その規模が非常災害に該当するに至らないと認められるものに限る。以下この項において同じ。）が発生し、又は発生するおそれがある場合において、当該災害が、人の生命又は身体に急迫した危険を生じさせ、かつ、当該災害に係る地域の状況その他の事情を勘案して当該災害に係る災害応急対策を推進するため特別の必要があると認めるもの（以下「特定災害」という。）であるときは、内閣総理大臣は、臨時に防災庁に、その組織を系統的に構成する行政機関として、特定災害対策本部を設置することができる。
When a specified disaster management headquarters is established, the Prime Minister must immediately make a public notice of the name, area of jurisdiction, and location and term of establishment of the headquarters; when the headquarters is abolished, the Prime Minister must immediately make a public notice to that effect.
内閣総理大臣は、特定災害対策本部を置いたときは当該本部の名称、所管区域並びに設置の場所及び期間を、当該本部を廃止したときはその旨を、直ちに、告示しなければならない。
Article 23-4Organization of the Specified Disaster Management Headquarters
第二十三条の四（特定災害対策本部の組織）
The specified disaster management headquarters is headed by a chairperson, and the chairperson is appointed from among the Minister for Disaster Management and other Ministers of State.
特定災害対策本部の長は、特定災害対策本部長とし、防災大臣その他の国務大臣をもつて充てる。
The chairperson of the specified disaster management headquarters directs the affairs of the headquarters and supervises the officials thereof.
特定災害対策本部長は、特定災害対策本部の事務を総括し、所部の職員を指揮監督する。
An assistant chairperson, headquarters members, and other officials are assigned to the specified disaster management headquarters.
特定災害対策本部に、特定災害対策副本部長、特定災害対策本部員その他の職員を置く。
The assistant chairperson of the specified disaster management headquarters supports the chairperson of the headquarters, and in case the chairperson of the headquarters is incapacitated, the assistant chairperson performs duties on behalf of the chairperson. If there are two or more assistant chairpersons of the specified disaster management headquarters, they perform their duties according to the order decided by the chairperson of the headquarters in advance.
特定災害対策副本部長は、特定災害対策本部長を助け、特定災害対策本部長に事故があるときは、その職務を代理する。特定災害対策副本部長が二人以上置かれている場合にあつては、あらかじめ特定災害対策本部長が定めた順序で、その職務を代理する。
The assistant chairperson of the specified disaster management headquarters, headquarters members, and other officials are appointed by the Prime Minister from among officials of the Cabinet Secretariat, the Disaster Management Agency, or other designated administrative organs, or heads or officials of designated local administrative organs.
An On-site specified disaster management headquarters may be established within the specified disaster management headquarters to function as an organization to carry out part of the affairs of the specified disaster management headquarters as designated by the chairperson of the specified disaster management headquarters within the area of jurisdiction of the specified disaster management headquarters. In this case, the provisions of Article 156, paragraph (4) of the Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) do not apply.
特定災害対策本部に、当該特定災害対策本部の所管区域にあつて当該特定災害対策本部長の定めるところにより当該特定災害対策本部の事務の一部を行う組織として、特定災害現地対策本部を置くことができる。この場合においては、地方自治法（昭和二十二年法律第六十七号）第百五十六条第四項の規定は、適用しない。
When an on-site specified disaster management headquarters is established pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the Prime Minister must report it to the Diet.
内閣総理大臣は、前項の規定により特定災害現地対策本部を置いたときは、これを国会に報告しなければならない。
The provisions of paragraph (2) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to the on-site specified disaster management headquarters.
前条第二項の規定は、特定災害現地対策本部について準用する。
A headquarters chairperson, headquarters members, and other officials are assigned to the on-site specified disaster management headquarters.
特定災害現地対策本部に、特定災害現地対策本部長及び特定災害現地対策本部員その他の職員を置く。
The chairperson of the On-site specified disaster management headquarters administers the affairs of the on-site specified disaster management headquarters under the orders of the chairperson of the specified disaster management headquarters.
特定災害現地対策本部長は、特定災害対策本部長の命を受け、特定災害現地対策本部の事務を掌理する。
The chairperson, members, and other officials of the on-site specified disaster management headquarters are appointed by the chairperson of the specified disaster management headquarters from among the assistant chairpersons, members, and other officials of the specified disaster management headquarters.
特定災害現地対策本部長及び特定災害現地対策本部員その他の職員は、特定災害対策副本部長、特定災害対策本部員その他の職員のうちから、特定災害対策本部長が指名する者をもつて充てる。
The specified disaster management headquarters takes charge of the following affairs:
特定災害対策本部は、次に掲げる事務をつかさどる。
matters concerning formulating a policy to implement emergency disaster control measures accurately and promptly;
災害応急対策を的確かつ迅速に実施するための方針の作成に関すること。
matters concerning the overall coordination of emergency disaster control measures being taken under an appropriate disaster management plan within the area of jurisdiction of the headquarters by the head of a designated administrative organ, the head of a designated local administrative organ, the head or any other executive agency of a local government, and designated public corporations and designated local public corporations;
matters concerning the implementation of emergency measures in time of a specified disaster;
特定災害に際し必要な緊急の措置の実施に関すること。
matters concerning affairs which are assigned pursuant to the provisions of Article 23-7 to the authority of the chairperson of the specified disaster management headquarters;
第二十三条の七の規定により特定災害対策本部長の権限に属する事務
beyond what is provided for in each of the preceding items, any affairs that may be assigned to the authority of the headquarters by laws and regulations.
前各号に掲げるもののほか、法令の規定によりその権限に属する事務
Article 23-6Delegation of Authority of the Head of a Designated Administrative Organ
第二十三条の六（指定行政機関の長の権限の委任）
When a specified disaster management headquarters is established, the head of a designated administrative organ may delegate authority for emergency disaster control measures in whole or in part to the following headquarters members: officials of the designated administrative organ, or the head of the relevant designated local administrative organ or its officials.
When the head of a designated administrative organ has delegated authority under the preceding paragraph, that head must immediately make a public notice to that effect.
The chairperson of the specified disaster management headquarters may coordinate the exercise of authority by officials to whom authority was delegated pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, within the area of jurisdiction of the specified disaster management headquarters.
特定災害対策本部長は、前条の規定により権限を委任された職員の当該特定災害対策本部の所管区域における権限の行使について調整をすることができる。
When the chairperson of the specified disaster management headquarters finds it particularly necessary for the accurate and prompt implementation of emergency disaster control measures within the area of jurisdiction of the headquarters, that chairperson may give necessary instructions to the head of a relevant designated local administrative organ, the head or any other executive agency of a local government, and designated public corporations and designated local public corporations, to the extent necessary.
When the chairperson of the specified disaster management headquarters finds it necessary for the accurate and prompt implementation of emergency disaster control measures within the area of jurisdiction of the headquarters, that chairperson may seek the provision of materials or information, expression of opinions or other necessary cooperation from the head of a relevant administrative organ, the head of a relevant local administrative organ, the head or any other executive agency of a local government, and designated public corporations and designated local public corporations, registered organizations cooperating in support of disaster victims, and any other parties concerned.
特定災害対策本部長は、当該特定災害対策本部の所管区域における災害応急対策を的確かつ迅速に実施するため必要があると認めるときは、関係行政機関の長及び関係地方行政機関の長、地方公共団体の長その他の執行機関、指定公共機関及び指定地方公共機関、登録被災者援護協力団体並びにその他の関係者に対し、資料又は情報の提供、意見の表明その他必要な協力を求めることができる。
When an on-site specified disaster management headquarters is established, the chairperson of the specified disaster management headquarters may delegate part of the authority vested in the chairperson under the preceding three paragraphs to the chairperson of the on-site specified disaster management headquarters.
特定災害対策本部長は、特定災害現地対策本部が置かれたときは、前三項の規定による権限の一部を特定災害現地対策本部長に委任することができる。
When the chairperson of the specified disaster management headquarters has delegated authority under the preceding paragraph, that chairperson must immediately make a public notice to that effect.
特定災害対策本部長は、前項の規定による委任をしたときは、直ちに、その旨を告示しなければならない。
In cases where an extraordinary disaster has occurred or is likely to occur, when the Prime Minister finds a special necessity to pursue emergency disaster control measures concerning that disaster because of the dimensions of that disaster and other conditions, the Prime Minister may temporarily establish extraordinary disaster management headquarters within the Disaster Management Agency as an administrative organ systematically constituting its organization.
非常災害が発生し、又は発生するおそれがある場合において、当該災害の規模その他の状況により当該災害に係る災害応急対策を推進するため特別の必要があると認めるときは、内閣総理大臣は、臨時に防災庁に、その組織を系統的に構成する行政機関として、非常災害対策本部を設置することができる。
The provisions of Article 23-3, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to the extraordinary disaster management headquarters.
第二十三条の三第二項の規定は、非常災害対策本部について準用する。
In cases where an extraordinary disaster management headquarters is established pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1), when a specified disaster management headquarters concerning that disaster is already in existence, the relevant specified disaster management headquarters is abolished and the extraordinary disaster management headquarters succeeds to the function under the jurisdiction of the relevant specified disaster management headquarters.
disastermachine translation
「災害」
Damage caused by a storm, tornado, heavy rain or snow, flood, slope failure, debris flow, storm surge, earthquake, tsunami, soil liquefaction, volcanic eruption, landslide or other abnormal natural phenomenon, or by a large fire or explosion or another cause that a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies as causing damage on a similar scale.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (i)· applies throughout the law
disaster managementmachine translation
「防災」
Preventing disasters before they happen, stopping the damage from spreading once one strikes, and recovering from a disaster and rebuilding after it.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (ii)· applies throughout the law
designated administrative organs
「指定行政機関」
The national administrative organs the Prime Minister designates from among the Cabinet Office (内閣府), the Imperial Household Agency, the Digital Agency, the Disaster Management Agency, the ministries, commissions and agencies, and the councils, facilities, special organs and other bodies set up under them.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (iii)· applies throughout the law
designated local administrative organs
「指定地方行政機関」
The local branch offices of designated administrative organs, and other local administrative organs of the State, that the Prime Minister designates.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (iv)· applies throughout the law
designated public corporations
「指定公共機関」
Incorporated administrative agencies, the Bank of Japan, the Japanese Red Cross Society, Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) and other public institutions, and corporations running public utilities such as electricity, gas, transport and telecommunications, that the Prime Minister designates.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (v)· applies throughout the law
designated local public corporations
「指定地方公共機関」
Local incorporated administrative agencies, port authorities, land improvement districts and other managers of public facilities, and corporations running public utilities such as electricity, gas, transport and telecommunications in a prefecture, that the governor of that prefecture designates.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (vi)· applies throughout the law
disaster management plans
「防災計画」
The basic disaster management plan, the disaster management operation plans and the area disaster management plans.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1), item (vii)· applies throughout the law
registered organization cooperating in support of disaster victimsmachine translation
「登録被災者援護協力団体」
An organization cooperating in support of disaster victims (被災者援護協力団体), a corporation or similar body that helps the State and local governments support disaster victims through work such as running shelters or providing meals, that is registered with the Prime Minister under Article 33-2, paragraph (1).
Short name set inArticle 23, paragraph (7)
specified disastermachine translation
「特定災害」
A disaster smaller than an extraordinary disaster (非常災害) that puts people's lives or bodies in imminent danger and for which, given the state of the area and other circumstances, there is found to be a special need to push forward emergency disaster control measures; the Prime Minister may set up a specified disaster management headquarters in the Disaster Management Agency for it.
Short name set inArticle 23-3, paragraph (1)
organization cooperating in support of disaster victimsmachine translation
「被災者援護協力団体」
In Article 33-2, a corporation, or another body a Disaster Management Agency Order treats alike, that helps the State and local governments support disaster victims through work such as running shelters, providing meals and drinking water, supplying clothing and bedding, emergency house repairs and clearing debris, counselling and informing victims, and coordinating volunteers.
Short name set inArticle 33-2, paragraph (1)· applies only in this article
the Diet
国会
Japan's parliament, and under Article 41 the only body that can make an Act (法律). It has two chambers, the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors, both made up of elected members (Articles 42 and 43). It designates the Prime Minister, approves the budget and treaties, and can start the process of amending the Constitution. A Cabinet Order (政令) or Ministerial Order (省令) may impose a duty or a penalty only where an Act the Diet passed says it may.
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 41, 42, 43 and Wikipedia: National Diet as a reference.
Disaster Management Agency
防災庁
A national government agency placed in the Cabinet (内閣) by the Act for Establishment of the Disaster Management Agency (防災庁設置法, Act No. 61 of 2026) (Article 2). Its tasks are to assist the Cabinet, together with the Cabinet Secretariat (内閣官房), in the Cabinet's work on disaster management (防災) — disaster prevention, emergency response, recovery from a disaster and reconstruction after it — and to see that the government's administrative work on disaster management is done smoothly and quickly, both in line with the basic principles of Article 2-2 of the Basic Act on Disaster Management (Article 3). Its work includes planning and coordinating the government's basic policy and plans for disaster management, setting up and running the disaster management bodies of Chapter II of the Basic Act on Disaster Management, the disaster management plans (防災計画) that Act provides for, and emergency relief for disaster victims; work that concerns nuclear disaster management (原子力防災) alone is not its work but stays with the Cabinet Office (内閣府) (Article 4, paragraphs (1) to (3)). Its head is the Prime Minister (内閣総理大臣), who may issue Disaster Management Agency Orders (防災庁令) on the matters in its charge, to carry out an Act (法律) or a Cabinet Order (政令) or where one of them specially delegates a matter; such an Order can set a penalty, impose a duty or restrict a right only where an Act delegates it (Article 6, paragraph (1), and Article 7, paragraphs (3) and (4)). A Minister for Disaster Management (防災大臣), who is a Minister of State (国務大臣), assists the Prime Minister and directs the Agency's work (Article 8, paragraphs (1) to (3)).
Written by AI using Act for Establishment of the Disaster Management Agency, Arts. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and Basic Act on Disaster Management, Art. 2-2 as a reference.
Prefectural or Municipal Ordinance
条例
A rule a local government makes for itself: a prefecture (都道府県), a city, town or village (市町村), or one of Tokyo's special wards (特別区) (Local Autonomy Act, Articles 1-3, 281 and 283). Its assembly (議会), whose members the residents elect, passes it (Articles 89 and 96, paragraph (1), item (i)), and its head — the governor or the mayor (Article 139) — promulgates it, that is, makes it public so that it can take effect (Article 16). The Constitution lets local governments make them within the limits of Acts (Constitution, Article 94), and one may not go against the national laws and regulations (法令), such as Acts, Cabinet Orders (政令) and Ministerial Orders (省令) (Local Autonomy Act, Article 14, paragraph (1)). Unless national laws and regulations provide otherwise, a local government can impose a duty or restrict a right only by one of these (Article 14, paragraph (2)), and it may write into one penalties for breaking it, within limits the Local Autonomy Act sets (Article 14, paragraph (3)). It is made for that local government's own affairs (Article 2, paragraph (2) and Article 14, paragraph (1)), so the same matter can be handled differently from one place to the next. It is a local rule, not a national one: an "ordinance" in the name of a national rule, such as an Ordinance for Enforcement of an Act, is usually a Ministerial Order (省令) or another national instrument.
Written by AI using Constitution, Art. 94 and Local Autonomy Act, Arts. 1-3, 2, 14, 16, 89, 96, 139, 281, 283 as a reference.
Minister of State
国務大臣
A member of the Cabinet other than the Prime Minister (Article 66, paragraph (1)). All of them must be civilians, and a majority must be members of the Diet; the Prime Minister appoints them and may dismiss them at will (Article 66, paragraph (2), and Article 68). Most head a ministry, which is why a Ministerial Order (省令) — a Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Order (厚生労働省令), for instance — is issued in a Minister's name. Ministers of State are among the people the Constitution binds to respect and uphold it (Article 99).
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 66, 68, 75, 99 and 国家行政組織法, Art. 5 as a reference.
Prime Minister
内閣総理大臣
The head of the Cabinet. Designated by the Diet from among its own members, and appointed by the Emperor on that designation (Articles 67 and 6). The Prime Minister appoints and may dismiss the other Ministers of State at will, and a majority of them must be members of the Diet (Article 68). No Minister of State can be subjected to legal action while in office without the Prime Minister's consent (Article 75).
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 6, 67, 68, 75 and Wikipedia: Prime Minister of Japan as a reference.