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公益通報（こうえきつうほう）

A report made, not for a wrongful purpose such as gaining an unfair benefit or harming others, by one of the persons the items of Article 2, paragraph (1) list (workers, dispatched workers (派遣労働者) and officers (役員) among them), that a reportable fact (通報対象事実) has occurred or is about to occur at the business operator (事業者) the item names for that person, the recipient of services (役務提供先), or among its officers, employees, agents or others, made to that business operator or a person it designated in advance, to an administrative body (行政機関) with authority to make a disposition (処分) or recommendation about the fact or a person that body designated in advance, or to another person to whom reporting it is considered necessary to prevent it or the spread of the harm it causes.

…同じ。）（以下「役務提供先」という。）又は当該役務提供先の事業に従事する場合におけるその役員（法人の取締役、執行役、会計参与、監査役、理事、監事及び清算人並びにこれら以外の者で法令（法律及び法律に基づく命令…

株主等（かぶぬしとう）

In the actions to invalidate a company's incorporation or other acts concerning its organization (Article 828 onward), a stock company's shareholders, directors and liquidators, together with its company auditors where it has them, or its executive officers where it is a company with a nominating committee, etc.

株主、取締役又は清算人（監査役設置会社にあっては株主、取締役、監査役又は清算人、指名委員会等設置会社にあっては株主、取締役、執行役又は清算人）

役員（やくいん）

The directors, executive officers, accounting advisors, company auditors, directors and auditors of other corporations (理事, 監事) and liquidators of a corporation, and other persons engaged in its management that a Cabinet Order (政令) specifies.

法人の取締役、執行役、会計参与、監査役、理事、監事及び清算人並びにこれら以外の者で法人の経営に従事している者のうち政令で定めるもの

最終事業年度（さいしゅうじぎょうねんど）

The latest business year whose financial statements have been approved, at a shareholders meeting or, where the Act allows it, by the board of directors.

各事業年度に係る第四百三十五条第二項に規定する計算書類につき第四百三十八条第二項の承認（第四百三十九条前段に規定する場合にあっては、第四百三十六条第三項の承認）を受けた場合における当該各事業年度のうち…

役員（やくいん）

The directors, accounting advisors and company auditors of a stock company, as listed in Article 329, paragraph (1).

取締役、会計参与及び監査役

執行役等（しっこうやくとう）

In a company with nominating committee, etc., its executive officers and directors, and its accounting advisors too if it has them: the people whose work the audit committee audits.

執行役及び取締役をいい、会計参与設置会社にあっては、執行役、取締役及び会計参与

社外監査役（しゃがいかんさやく）

A company auditor of a stock company who meets all the independence requirements in Article 2, item (xvi), such as not having been a director or employee of the company or its subsidiaries in the ten years before taking office.

株式会社の監査役であって、次に掲げる要件のいずれにも該当するもの

業務執行者（ぎょうむしっこうしゃ）

An executive director (or, in a company with nominating committee, etc., an executive officer), or another person named by Ministry of Justice Order (法務省令) as involved in that director's work, who handled a payout to shareholders made beyond the distributable amount and is liable to repay it.

業務執行取締役（指名委員会等設置会社にあっては、執行役。以下この項において同じ。）その他当該業務執行取締役の行う業務の執行に職務上関与した者として法務省令で定めるもの

承継特定株式（しょうけいとくていかぶしき）

A director's, etc. specified shares (取締役等の特定株式), or similar shares a Cabinet Order (政令) sets, that a successor acquired by inheritance or bequest from the person who had the special treatment of Article 29-2 (特例適用者), and that remain recorded in a transfer account book, in custody or under a management trust with the financial instruments business operator, etc. (金融商品取引業者等), or managed by the stock company, as the arrangements in Article 29-2, paragraph (1), item (vi) require.

特例適用者から当該相続又は遺贈により取得をした取締役等の特定株式その他これに類する株式として政令で定めるもので、第一項第六号イに規定する取決めに従い引き…

役員（やくいん）

In Article 51-8, paragraph (3), item (ii) and Article 75-14, a member who executes a corporation's business (業務を執行する社員), a director, an executive officer (執行役) or a person equivalent to one of them, including anyone, whatever the title — counsellor (相談役), adviser (顧問) or any other — found to have as much control over the corporation as such a person, or more.

業務を執行する社員、取締役、執行役又はこれらに準ずる者をいい、相談役、顧問その他いかなる名称を有する者であるかを問わず、法人に…

理事等（りじとう）

In Article 943, item (iii) and Article 947, the directors (理事 or 取締役), executive officers, members executing business, inspectors (監事) and company auditors of a corporation, or persons equivalent to them.

理事、取締役、執行役、業務を執行する社員、監事若しくは監査役又はこれらに準ずる者

補償契約（ほしょうけいやく）

An agreement by which a stock company promises to cover all or part of an officer's costs of dealing with suspected breaches of law or claims against them, or losses from compensating third parties, whose terms must be decided by the shareholders meeting or board of directors.

第四百三十条の二第一項に規定する補償契約

外部理事（がいぶりじ）

A board member of a self-regulatory organization (自主規制法人) chosen from people who are not, and have never been, a director, board member, executive officer, manager or other employee of the entrusting financial instruments exchange (委託金融商品取引所) or its subsidiary companies.

…融商品取引所又はその子会社（第八十七条の三第三項に規定する子会社をいう。以下この章において同じ。）の取締役、理事若しくは執行役又は支配人その他の使用人でなく、かつ、過去に委託金融商品取引所又はその子会社の取締役、理事若しくは執行役又は支配人その他の使用人となつたことがない者より選任された理事

対象役員等（たいしょうやくいんとう）

The incorporators, directors and company auditors at incorporation, officers, etc. and liquidators of a stock company in special liquidation, whose assets the court may freeze and whose liability for damages it may assess.

第五百四十二条第一項に規定する対象役員等

法人の役員（ほうじんのやくいん）

In Article 53-2, a member who executes a corporation's business (業務を執行する社員), a director, an executive officer (執行役) or a person equivalent to one of them, including anyone, whatever the title — counsellor (相談役), adviser (顧問) or any other — found to have as much control over the corporation as such a person, or more.

業務を執行する社員、取締役、執行役又はこれらに準ずる者をいい、相談役、顧問その他いかなる名称を有する者であるかを問わず、法人に…

役員等責任査定決定（やくいんとうせきにんさていけってい）

A court ruling in special liquidation that assesses the damages a stock company in liquidation may claim from its incorporators, officers or liquidators for their liability.

第五百四十五条第一項に規定する役員等責任査定決定

株主等（かぶぬしとう）

In Article 828, paragraph (2), items (vii) and (viii) of the Companies Act as Article 146 applies them to actions to invalidate a merger of financial instruments exchanges, a stock company's shareholders, directors or liquidators — with company auditors added for a company with a board of company auditors, and executive officers added for a company with a nominating committee, etc.

株主、取締役又は清算人（監査役会設置会社にあっては株主、取締役、監査役又は清算人、指名委員会等設置会社にあっては株主、取締役、執行役又は清算人）

役員等（やくいんとう）

An officer (役員) of a corporation — a partner executing its business, a director, an executive officer or an equivalent, including anyone with as much control over it or more, whatever their title — or the manager of one of its business offices or another employee a Cabinet Order (政令) names (Article 70, paragraph (2), item (vi)).

責任追及等の訴え（せきにんついきゅうとうのうったえ）

A lawsuit to enforce the liability of a stock company's incorporators, officers, etc. or liquidators, or to recover certain payments owed to the company, which a shareholder may demand the company bring and may bring on its behalf if it does not.

報酬等（ほうしゅうとう）

The pay, bonuses and any other financial benefit that directors and other officers receive from a stock company in return for doing their job.