If the Supreme Court is the court with which the final appeal should be filed, it may rule, upon petition, to accept as the final appellate court, a case in which a prior instance judgment reflects a determination that conflicts with Supreme Court precedent (or, if there is no Supreme Court precedent, conflicts with precedent of the former Great Court of Cassation or precedent of the high court acting as the final appellate court or the court of second instance) or to accept any other case that is found to involve matters of material import in the interpretation of laws and regulations.
上告をすべき裁判所が最高裁判所である場合には、最高裁判所は、原判決に最高裁判所の判例（これがない場合にあっては、大審院又は上告裁判所若しくは控訴裁判所である高等裁判所の判例）と相反する判断がある事件その他の法令の解釈に関する重要な事項を含むものと認められる事件について、申立てにより、決定で、上告審として事件を受理することができる。
A petition as referred to in the preceding paragraph (referred to below as a "petition to accept a final appeal") may not give circumstances prescribed in Article 312, paragraphs (1) and (2) as the grounds for petition.
In a case as referred to in paragraph (1), the Supreme Court may exclude any grounds for petition to accept a final appeal that it finds to be immaterial.
If a ruling as referred to paragraph (1) is issued, a final appeal is deemed to have been filed. To apply the provisions of Article 320 in such a case, grounds for petition to accept a final appeal other than those excluded pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph are deemed to be the grounds for the final appeal.
The provisions of Articles 313 through 315 and Article 316, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to a petition to accept a final appeal.
第三百十三条から第三百十五条まで及び第三百十六条第一項の規定は、上告受理の申立てについて準用する。
(Grounds for Final Appeal)
A final appeal may be filed on the grounds that the judgment reflects an error in the interpretation of the Constitution or that it is otherwise unconstitutional.
上告は、判決に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があることを理由とするときに、することができる。
Open this provision(Grounds for Final Appeal)
A final appeal may also be filed on the grounds that any of the following circumstances are present; provided, however, that this does not apply to the circumstances stated in item (iv) if the…
上告は、次に掲げる事由があることを理由とするときも、することができる。ただし、第四号に掲げる事由については、第三十四条第二項（第五十九条において準用する場合を含む。）の規定による追認があったときは、この限りでない。
Open this provision(Mutatis Mutandis Application of Provisions on Appeals to the Court of Second Instance)
The provisions of the preceding Chapter, except as otherwise provided, apply mutatis mutandis to a final appeal and to litigation proceedings in the final appellate instance.
前章の規定は、特別の定めがある場合を除き、上告及び上告審の訴訟手続について準用する。
Open this provision(Formalities for the Filing of Final Appeal)
A final appeal must be filed through the submission of a petition for a final appeal with the court of prior instance.
上告の提起は、上告状を原裁判所に提出してしなければならない。
Open this provision(Entry of Grounds for Final Appeal)
If the grounds for final appeal are not entered in a petition for final appeal, a statement of the grounds for final appeal must be submitted to the court of prior instance within the time frame…
上告状に上告の理由の記載がないときは、上告人は、最高裁判所規則で定める期間内に、上告理由書を原裁判所に提出しなければならない。
Open this provision(Denial of a Final Appeal by the Court of Prior Instance)
If circumstances clearly fall under any of the following items, the court of prior instance must rule to deny the final appeal:
次の各号に該当することが明らかであるときは、原裁判所は、決定で、上告を却下しなければならない。
Open this provision(Petitioning the Supreme Court to Accept a Final Appeal)
If the Supreme Court is the court with which the final appeal should be filed, it may rule, upon petition, to accept as the final appellate court, a case in which a prior instance judgment reflects a…
上告をすべき裁判所が最高裁判所である場合には、最高裁判所は、原判決に最高裁判所の判例（これがない場合にあっては、大審院又は上告裁判所若しくは控訴裁判所である高等裁判所の判例）と相反する判断がある事件その他の法令の解釈に関する重要な事項を含むものと認められる事件について、申立てにより、決定で…
Open this provision(Petitioning the Supreme Court to Accept a Final Appeal)
In a case as referred to in paragraph (1), the Supreme Court may exclude any grounds for petition to accept a final appeal that it finds to be immaterial.
第一項の場合において、最高裁判所は、上告受理の申立ての理由中に重要でないと認めるものがあるときは、これを排除することができる。
Open this provision(Scope of Examination)
The final appellate court must conduct its examination based on the grounds for final appeal, only within the bounds of the objection that has been entered.
上告裁判所は、上告の理由に基づき、不服の申立てがあった限度においてのみ調査をする。
Open this provisionpetition to accept a final appeal
「上告受理の申立て」
A petition asking the Supreme Court (最高裁判所), under Article 318, paragraph (1), to accept a case as the court of final appeal (上告) on the ground that it involves an important question of interpreting laws and regulations, such as a judgment below that conflicts with precedent; it may not rest on the grounds set out in Article 312, paragraphs (1) and (2).
Short name set inArticle 318, paragraph (2)
final appeal
上告
The appeal against a judgment of second instance, and against a high court's judgment at first instance: it goes to the Supreme Court (最高裁判所) against a final judgment a high court (高等裁判所) gives at second or first instance, and to a high court against one a district court (地方裁判所) gives at second instance (Code of Civil Procedure, Article 311, paragraph (1)); where, after the final judgment, both parties agreed not to appeal to the court of second instance (控訴) while keeping the right to a final appeal, it goes straight to the Supreme Court against a district court's judgment and to a high court against a summary court's (Article 311, paragraph (2), and Article 281, paragraph (1)). Its grounds are limited: an error in interpreting the Constitution or another breach of it (Article 312, paragraph (1)); one of the flaws the Code lists, such as a court not formed as the law requires, a judge barred by law taking part in the judgment, a lack of a legal representative's (法定代理人) or litigation representative's (訴訟代理人) authority, a breach of the rules that oral argument (口頭弁論) be public, or a judgment that gives no reasons or contradictory ones (paragraph (2)); and, in a final appeal to a high court, also a breach of law or regulation that clearly affected the judgment (paragraph (3)). Where the Supreme Court is the court to appeal to, a party may petition it to accept the case as a final appeal (上告受理の申立て), which it may do where the judgment conflicts with its precedents or the case otherwise involves an important point in interpreting laws and regulations; the grounds of Article 312, paragraphs (1) and (2), cannot be raised that way, and once the case is accepted a final appeal is deemed filed (Article 318, paragraphs (1), (2) and (4)). A final appeal is filed by submitting a petition for final appeal (上告状) to the court whose judgment is appealed (Article 314, paragraph (1)), within the same two weeks from service (送達) of the judgment as an appeal to the court of second instance (Articles 285 and 313), and if the petition states no grounds, a statement of them must follow within the period the Supreme Court's rules (最高裁判所規則) set (Article 315, paragraph (1)). The final appellate court is bound by the facts the judgment below lawfully found (Article 321, paragraph (1)); it may dismiss the appeal without oral argument where the papers show it has no grounds (Article 319), and where a ground is made out it quashes the judgment and sends the case back to the court below or to another court of the same rank, or in some cases decides it itself (Articles 325, paragraph (1), and 326); the Supreme Court may also quash a judgment for a breach of law or regulation that clearly affected it, even where none of those grounds is made out (Article 325, paragraph (2)). A judgment a high court gives on a final appeal can be appealed again to the Supreme Court only on the ground that it breaches the Constitution (Article 327, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Code of Civil Procedure, Arts. 281, 285, 311 to 315, 318, 319, 321, 325 to 327 as a reference.
Supreme Court
最高裁判所
The highest court, and the court of last resort on whether any law, order, regulation or official act conforms to the Constitution (Article 76, paragraph (1), and Article 81). That power is what makes the Constitution enforceable: there is no penalty attached to breaching it, and instead a conflicting rule is held to have no legal force (Article 98, paragraph (1)). Its judges are reviewed by the people at the first general election after appointment, and again after ten further years (Article 79, paragraph (2)).
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 76, 79, 81, 98 and Wikipedia: Supreme Court of Japan as a reference.