Article 45 — Act on the Protection of Personal Information — japanlaw

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Article 45Prohibition against Identifying Persons

第四十五条（識別行為の禁止）

Businesses handling anonymized personal information, when handling anonymized personal information, must neither acquire information relating to identifiers or their equivalent or individual identification codes deleted from the personal information and information relating to methods of processing carried out pursuant to the provisions of Article 43, paragraph (1) or Article 116, paragraph (1) (including cases in which it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 116, paragraph (2)), nor collate the anonymized personal information with other information in order to identify a person identifiable by personal information that was used to prepare that anonymized personal information.

匿名加工情報取扱事業者は、匿名加工情報を取り扱うに当たっては、当該匿名加工情報の作成に用いられた個人情報に係る本人を識別するために、当該個人情報から削除された記述等若しくは個人識別符号若しくは第四十三条第一項若しくは第百十六条第一項（同条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）の規定により行われた加工の方法に関する情報を取得し、又は当該匿名加工情報を他の情報と照合してはならない。

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Defined terms5

personal information
個人情報（こじんじょうほう）
Information about a living individual that either can identify that particular person by a name, date of birth or other identifier or the equivalent (記述等) it contains — including information that can easily be matched with other information and so identify the person — or contains an individual identification code (個人識別符号).
生存する個人に関する情報であって、次の各号のいずれかに該当するもの
Article 2, paragraph (1)See it in the glossary
identifier or the equivalent
記述等（きじゅつとう）
Any matter, other than an individual identification code (個人識別符号), written or recorded in a document, drawing or electronic or magnetic record (電磁的記録), or expressed by sound, movement or other means, such as a name or date of birth.
文書、図画若しくは電磁的記録（電磁的方式（電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式をいう。次項第二号において同じ。）で作られる記録をいう。以下同じ。）に記載され、若しくは記録され、又は音声、動作その他の方法を用いて表された一切の事項（個人識別符号を除く。）
Article 2, paragraph (1), item (i)See it in the glossary
individual identification code
個人識別符号（こじんしきべつふごう）
Letters, numbers, symbols or other codes, as a Cabinet Order (政令) names them, that either convert a feature of part of a particular person's body for use by computer and can identify that person, or are assigned to an individual for using a service or buying goods, or written or electronically recorded on a card or other document issued to an individual, and differ for each user, buyer or holder so that they can identify that person.
次の各号のいずれかに該当する文字、番号、記号その他の符号のうち、政令で定めるもの
Article 2, paragraph (2)See it in the glossary
identifiable person
本人（ほんにん）
The particular individual whom a given piece of personal information identifies.
個人情報によって識別される特定の個人
Article 2, paragraph (4)See it in the glossary
anonymized personal information
匿名加工情報（とくめいかこうじょうほう）
Information about an individual obtained by processing personal information so that no particular person can be identified from it and the personal information cannot be restored: by deleting some of the identifiers or the equivalent (記述等) it contains, or all of its individual identification codes (個人識別符号), or by replacing them in a way that leaves no pattern from which they could be restored.
次の各号に掲げる個人情報の区分に応じて当該各号に定める措置を講じて特定の個人を識別することができないように個人情報を加工して得られる個人に関する情報であって、当該個人情報を復元することができないようにしたもの
Article 2, paragraph (6)See it in the glossary

This version

as amended by Science Council of Japan Act (Act No. 70 of 2025)日本学術会議法

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