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Searched the Japanese text of the laws as today. Type English to search the English translations instead.
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A light motor vehicle (軽自動車) other than a light motor vehicle exempt from inspection (検査対象外軽自動車).
第一号被保険者
A person living in Japan aged 20 to 59 who is neither a category 2 insured person (第二号被保険者) nor a category 3 insured person (第三号被保険者), other than one who can receive old-age benefits under the Employees' Pension Insurance Act and similar benefits (厚生年金保険法に基づく老齢給付等) or whom a Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Order (厚生労働省令) excludes (Article 7, paragraph (1), item (i)).
育児休業
Leave an insured person (other than a specially insured person in short-term employment or an insured day worker) takes, as a Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Order (厚生労働省令) provides, to raise a child under one — or under 18 months, or two years, where such an Order finds leave beyond that especially needed to keep the job — including a child in special adoption proceedings (特別養子縁組) or placed with them as a prospective adoptive foster parent; the childcare leave benefits (育児休業給付金) are paid for it.
A written notification that an individual submits to the head of the business office of a financial instruments business operator, etc. (金融商品取引業者等) to open a tax-exempt account (非課税口座), stating the kinds of account to be set up in it, the office's name and location, that the person seeks the tax exemption of Article 9-8 and Article 37-14 for dividends and gains on the listed shares, etc. in it, and other matters a Ministry of Finance Order (財務省令) sets, or providing those matters by electronic or magnetic means (電磁的方法).
The Minister of Justice's recognition, on the application of a foreign national in Japan, that the person is eligible for complementary protection.
指定訪問看護事業者
A provider the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare has designated to run a home-visit nursing business: nursing care or help with medical treatment given at home by nurses and others a Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Order (厚生労働省令) names to people under continuing treatment at home for an illness or injury whom their doctor finds meet the Order's standard.
In Article 39 and Article 47, paragraph (2), the documents on the provision of security (担保) that a Ministry of Finance Order (財務省令) specifies, which must be attached to an application for deferred payment (延納).
免許
A license from the Director of the Prefectural Labour Bureau (都道府県労働局長) under Article 12, paragraph (1), Article 14 or Article 61, paragraph (1) — to be appointed a health manager or an operations supervisor, or to do work such as operating a crane — granted, by issuing a license certificate, to a person who has passed the licensing examination or has other qualifications a Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Order (厚生労働省令) sets.
エネルギー消費効率
The energy consumption efficiency defined in Article 151, item 1(a) of the Act on Rationalization of Energy Use and Shift to Non-fossil Energy, which Article 90-12 compares against benchmark values set by Ministry of Finance Order (財務省令) to decide which vehicles are relieved of motor vehicle tonnage tax (自動車重量税).
An insured person certified as needing long-term care (要介護被保険者) who receives that care at home.
Production process efficiency improvement equipment, etc. as defined in Article 2, paragraph (13) of the Act on Strengthening Industrial Competitiveness.
準備金
Capital reserves and retained earnings reserves taken together: amounts a stock company keeps on its books apart from its capital, including the one tenth of each dividend of surplus it must set aside when it pays one.
A business office (営業所), agency (代理店) or other place an order of the competent ministry (主務省令) specifies; a sale or service contract offered or made away from such a place is a door-to-door sale (訪問販売).
平成三十年揮発油軽中量車基準
In Article 90-12, the exhaust gas safety standards a Ministry of Finance Order (財務省令) picks from those set under Article 41(1) of the Road Transport Vehicle Act (道路運送車両法) to apply from 1 October 2018, used in the emissions conditions for gasoline-powered vehicles (揮発油自動車) whose motor vehicle tonnage tax is waived.
子会社
From Article 44 on, a stock company (株式会社) that has the special relationship a Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Order (厚生労働省令) sets with an employer and that applies with that employer for certification by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare under Article 44, paragraph (1), which the employer receives when the company meets the criteria listed there; a company that is a member employer of a cooperative certified under Article 45-3, paragraph (1) is excluded.
介護休業
Leave an insured person (被保険者) takes, as a Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Order (厚生労働省令) provides, to care for an applicable family member (対象家族); the nursing care leave benefits (介護休業給付金) are paid for it.
In Articles 61-8 to 61-10, the assets and liabilities in a foreign currency a domestic corporation holds at the end of a business year — foreign currency receivables and payables, foreign currency securities, foreign currency deposits and foreign currency — each converted into yen by the method the items of Article 61-9, paragraph (1) allow.
In Chapter VI, on deferred payment and payment in kind, the documents needed for the payment in kind (物納) procedure, as a Ministry of Finance Order (財務省令) specifies, which must be attached to an application for permission for payment in kind.
In Articles 61 and 61-2, an applicable family member (対象家族) of a staff member who, because of injury, illness, or physical or mental disability, has difficulty in daily life over the period a Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Order (厚生労働省令) sets for a condition requiring caregiving (要介護状態).
親事業主
An employer with the special relationship a Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Order (厚生労働省令) sets to a stock company, its subsidiary (子会社), that on the application of both the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare has certified under Article 44, paragraph (1) because the subsidiary meets the criteria listed there; the subsidiary's workers then count as the parent employer's for the employment duty and annual report of Article 43, paragraphs (1) and (7).