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反対株主（はんたいかぶぬし）

The shareholders who may demand that the company buy their shares at a fair price when it carries out a major action such as a merger, a business transfer or a share consolidation: chiefly those who gave notice of their opposition and voted against it, and those who could not vote on it.

次の各号に掲げる場合における当該各号に定める株主

公開会社（こうかいがいしゃ）

A stock company whose articles of incorporation do not require the company's approval for transfers of at least some of its shares; it need not be listed on a stock exchange.

会社法第二条第五号に規定する公開会社

新医療法人（しんいりょうほうじん）

A new medical care corporation as referred to in Article 10-2 of the supplementary provisions (附則) of the 2006 Act this law calls 平成十八年医療法等改正法 (the 2006 medical care amendment Act), into which a certified medical care corporation (認定医療法人) transitions.

平成十八年医療法等改正法附則第十条の二に規定する新医療法人

報酬等（ほうしゅうとう）

The pay, bonuses and any other financial benefit that directors and other officers receive from a stock company in return for doing their job.

発行可能株式総数（はっこうかのうかぶしきそうすう）

The total number of shares a stock company's articles of incorporation authorize it to issue.

訪問販売協会（ほうもんはんばいきょうかい）

A general incorporated association set up under Article 27 whose name includes the words 訪問販売協会 (door-to-door sales association), whose purpose is to make door-to-door sales fair, protect purchasers and service recipients and help the business develop soundly, and whose members are businesses engaged in door-to-door sales.

会員（かいいん）

In the Section containing Article 52-61-19 and in Article 63-3, item (v), an electronic payment service provider (電子決済等代行業者) that is a member (社員) of a general incorporated association (一般社団法人) certified, or seeking certification, under Article 52-61-19, whose articles of incorporation must provide for such members.

単元未満株式（たんげんみまんかぶしき）

Shares fewer in number than one share unit, which carry no vote at shareholders meetings.

医療連携推進区域（いりょうれんけいすいしんくいき）

The area, set in its articles of incorporation (定款), in which a general incorporated association seeking approval for medical coordination promotion (医療連携推進認定) promotes coordination of the work of hospitals, clinics and similar facilities, and in whose prefecture (or one of them, where it spans several) it seeks that approval.

会計期間（かいけいきかん）

In Part I, Chapter V (business years, etc.), the period that is the unit for calculating a corporation's assets and profits and losses, set by law or by its articles of incorporation or similar rules, from which its business year (事業年度) is fixed.

株式売渡請求（かぶしきうりわたしせいきゅう）

A special controlling shareholder's (特別支配株主) demand under Article 179, paragraph (1) that all the other shareholders sell it all their shares in the company — the shareholder being one that, with its wholly owned companies, holds at least nine-tenths of all shareholders' votes.

通信販売協会（つうしんはんばいきょうかい）

A general incorporated association set up under Article 30 whose name includes the words 通信販売協会 (mail order sales association), whose purpose is to make mail order sales fair, protect purchasers and service recipients and help the business develop soundly, and whose members are businesses engaged in mail order sales.

特定責任追及の訴え（とくていせきにんついきゅうのうったえ）

A lawsuit to enforce specific liability against those running a subsidiary company, which shareholders holding at least one hundredth of the votes or shares of its ultimate, wholly owning parent company, etc. may demand that the subsidiary bring.

単元未満株主（たんげんみまんかぶぬし）

A shareholder who holds shares less than one unit, which carry no vote at shareholders meetings.

旧株主（きゅうかぶぬし）

A person who held shares in a stock company for six months up to the day it became wholly owned by another company through a share exchange, share transfer or merger, and who may still demand that the company sue its officers for liability arising before then.

現物出資財産等（げんぶつしゅっしざいさんとう）

The property other than money that incorporators contribute, and the property the company agrees to buy once formed, as listed in the articles of incorporation under Article 28, items (i) and (ii), whose value an inspector generally has to check.

新株予約権買取請求（しんかぶよやくけんかいとりせいきゅう）

A share option holder's demand that the company buy back their share options at a fair price, allowed when the company makes certain changes such as amending its articles of incorporation, converting into another kind of company, merging or splitting.

株式買取請求（かぶしきかいとりせいきゅう）

A dissenting shareholder's demand that the company buy their shares at a fair price when it carries out a major action such as a share consolidation, a business transfer, a merger, a company split or a share exchange.

効力発生日（こうりょくはっせいび）

The day on which the corporate action in question takes effect, such as a share consolidation, business transfer, entity conversion, merger, company split, share exchange or partial share exchange.

事業所管大臣（じぎょうしょかんだいじん）

The minister in charge of the businesses whose operators a business cooperative, etc. (事業協同組合等) admits as members, as its articles of incorporation (定款) set them; the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (国土交通大臣) and the Prime Minister (内閣総理大臣) must consult this minister, with the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (農林水産大臣) and the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare (厚生労働大臣), before setting or changing the criteria for payment (支払基準) and certain Orders as they apply to mutual liability insurance (責任共済).