Civil Code

Public notice referred to in the preceding paragraph is effected by a notice being , according to the categories set forth in the following items, placing the matters specified respectively in those items in a state in which they can be viewed by an unspecified and large number of persons, while having a document stating those matters posted in the posting area of the relevant court or taking measures to place what displays those matters on the screen of a computer (including input/output devices; the same applies below in this paragraph) installed at the court in a state in which it can be viewed, and having an indication that that posting hasthose measures have been made beingtaken published in the Official Gazette at least once, in accordance with the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (Act No. 109 of 1996) on service by publication; provided, however, that if the court finds it to be suitable, it may order that a notice be posted in the posting area of the city office, ward office, town hall, or any facility equivalent to these in lieu of the relevant information being published in the Official Gazette.

Manifestation of intention by public notice of a document: that the court clerk must keep the document stating the manifestation of intention and deliver it to the other party at any time;

Manifestation of intention by public notice of an electronic or magnetic record (meaning a record used in computerized information processing which is created in electronic form, magnetic form, or any other form that cannot be perceived by the human senses; the same applies below): that the court clerk must take measures whereby, at any time, a document created by outputting the matters relating to the manifestation of intention recorded in the electronic or magnetic record recorded in a file with which the computer used by the court is equipped can be delivered to the other party, or those matters can be viewed or recorded, and must issue to the other party a notice to the effect that those measures have been taken, using an electronic information processing system connecting the computer used by the court and the computer used by the other party by a telecommunications line.

If an agreement referred to in paragraph (1) is made by means of an electronic or magnetic record (meaning a record used in computerized information processing which is created in electronic form, magnetic form, or any other form that cannot be perceived by the human senses; the same applies below), the agreement is deemed to have been made in writing and the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs apply thereto.