Chapter III Trade Associations
第三章 事業者団体
第八条
A trade association must not engage in any act which falls under any of the following items:
事業者団体は、次の各号のいずれかに該当する行為をしてはならない。
substantially restraining competition in any particular field of trade;
一定の取引分野における競争を実質的に制限すること。
entering into an international agreement or an international contract as provided in Article 6;
第六条に規定する国際的協定又は国際的契約をすること。
limiting the present or future number of enterprises in any particular field of business;
一定の事業分野における現在又は将来の事業者の数を制限すること。
unjustly restricting the functions or activities of the constituent enterprise (meaning an enterprise which is a member of the trade association; the same applies hereinafter); or
inducing an enterprise to employ an act that constitutes unfair trade practices.
第八条の二
When an act in violation of the provisions of the preceding Article occurs, pursuant to the procedures provided for in Section 2 of Chapter VIII, the Japan Fair Trade Commission may order the relevant trade association to cease and desist the relevant act, to dissolve, or to take any other measures necessary to eliminate the relevant act.
The provisions of Article 7, paragraph (2) apply mutatis mutandis to any act in violation of the provisions of the preceding Article.
When the Japan Fair Trade Commission orders a trade association to take measures provided in paragraph (1) or Article 7, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph, if the Japan Fair Trade Commission finds it to be particularly necessary, pursuant to the procedures as provided in Section 2 of Chapter VIII, it may order an officer, manager, or constituent enterprise (including the relevant enterprise if an officer, employee, agent, or any other person acting for the benefit of an enterprise is a constituent enterprise; the same applies in Article 26, paragraph (1)) of the relevant association to also take measures necessary to ensure the measures provided in paragraph (1) or Article 7, paragraph (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph.
第八条の三
The provisions of Article 2-2 (excluding paragraph (14)), Article 7-2, Article 7-4 (excluding paragraph (4), items (ii) and (iii)), Article 7-5, Article 7-6, and Article 7-8, paragraphs (1), (2) and (6) apply mutatis mutandis to the case where an act in violation of the provisions of Article 8, item (i) (limited to the case of engaging in an act equivalent to unreasonable restraint of trade) or item (ii) (limited to the case of entering into an international agreement or an international contract containing matters that fall under unreasonable restraint of trade) has been committed. In this case, the terms listed in the middle column of the following table in the provisions listed in the upper column of the same table are deemed to be replaced with the terms listed in the lower column of the same table, respectively.
| Article 2-2, paragraph (2) | this Chapter | this Chapter (excluding Article 7-4, paragraph (4), item (i) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 8-3 following the deemed replacement of terms) |
| Article 2-2, paragraph (4) | a violation stipulated either in Article 7-2, paragraph (1) or Article 7-9, paragraph (1) or (2) (hereinafter referred to simply as a "violation" in this Article excluding paragraphs (13) and (14) | a violation stipulated in Article 8-3 (hereinafter referred to simply as a "violation" in this Article |
| the enterprise | the constituent enterprise (including, where an officer, employee, agent, or other person who acts for the benefit of an enterprise is a constituent enterprise, that enterprise; hereinafter in this Chapter referred to as a "specified enterprise") of the trade association | |
| Article 2-2, paragraph (5) | in the particular field of trade concerned with the relevant violation | in the particular field of trade of the trade association concerned with the relevant violation |
| committed a violation | conducted business activities as the implementation of a violation | |
| Article 2-2, paragraph (6) | in the particular field of trade concerned with the relevant violation | in the particular field of trade of the trade association concerned with the relevant violation |
| has never committed a violation | has never conducted business activities as the implementation of a violation | |
| Article 2-2, paragraph (7) | to the enterprise | to the specified enterprise of the trade association |
| from the enterprise | from the specified enterprise | |
| Article 2-2, paragraph (8) | the enterprise | the specified enterprise of the trade association |
| Article 2-2, paragraph (9) | in the particular field of trade concerned with the violation | in the particular field of trade of the trade association concerned with the violation |
| committed a violation | conducted business activities as the implementation of a violation | |
| Article 2-2, paragraph (10) | in the particular field of trade concerned with the violation | in the particular field of trade of the trade association concerned with the violation |
| has never committed a violation | has never conducted business activities as the implementation of a violation | |
| Article 2-2, paragraph (11) | to the enterprise | to the specified enterprise of the trade association |
| from the enterprise | from the specified enterprise | |
| Article 2-2, paragraph (12) | Article 7-2, paragraph (1) or Article 7-9, paragraphs (1) or (2) | Article 8-3 |
| the enterprise | the specified enterprise of the trade association | |
| Article 2-2, paragraph (13) | that committed a violation prescribed in Article 7-2, paragraph (1) or Article 7-9, paragraph (1) | of the trade association that committed a violation |
| the enterprise | the specified enterprise | |
| Article 2-2, paragraph (15) | the enterprise | the specified enterprise of the trade association |
| Article 7-2, paragraph (1) (the portion other than its items) | If an enterprise | If a trade association |
| order the enterprise | order the specified enterprise of the trade association | |
| each item of Article 7-2, paragraph (1) | the enterprise | the specified enterprise |
| Article 7-2, paragraph (1), item (iii) | has never committed a violation | has never conducted business activities as the implementation of a violation |
| Article 7-2, paragraph (1), item (iv) | that committed a violation | of the trade association that committed a violation |
| Article 7-2, paragraphs (2) and (3) | the enterprise | the specified enterprise |
| Article 7-4, paragraph (1) (the portion other than its items) | enterprise | specified enterprise |
| Article 7-4, paragraph (1), item (i) | that committed the relevant violation | of the trade association that committed the relevant violation |
| enterprise | specified enterprise | |
| Article 7-4, paragraph (1), item (ii) | has not committed the relevant violation | has not conducted business activities as the implementation of the relevant violation |
| Article 7-4, paragraph (2) (the portion other than its items) | enterprise | specified enterprise |
| the preceding two Articles | that Article | |
| Article 7-4, paragraph (2), items (i) through (iv) | enterprise | specified enterprise of the trade association |
| Article 7-4, paragraph (2), item (v) | has not committed the relevant violation | has not conducted business activities as the implementation of the relevant violation |
| Article 7-4, paragraph (3) (the portion other than its items) | enterprise | specified enterprise |
| Article 7-4, paragraph (3), item (iii) | has not committed the relevant violation | has not conducted business activities as the implementation of the relevant violation |
| Article 7-4, paragraph (4) (the portion other than its items) | that have violated the provisions of Article 7-2, paragraph (1) | of the trade association that has violated the provisions of Article 8, item (i) (limited to the case of engaging in an act equivalent to unreasonable restraint of trade) or item (ii) (limited to the case of entering into an international agreement or an international contract containing matters that fall under unreasonable restraint of trade) |
| enterprise | specified enterprise | |
| fall under item (i) below and either item (ii) or (iii) below | fall under item (i) below | |
| Article 7-4, paragraph (4), item (i) | enterprise | specified enterprise |
| subsidiary company, etc. | subsidiary company, etc. (meaning a subsidiary company of a specified enterprise (meaning a subsidiary company prescribed in Article 2-2, paragraph (2)) or a parent company (meaning a parent company prescribed in that paragraph; the same applies hereinafter in this item), or another company whose parent company is the same as that of the specified enterprise) | |
| Article 7-4, paragraphs (5) and (6) | enterprise | specified enterprise |
| Article 7-4, paragraph (7) | enterprise | specified enterprise |
| the violation committed by | the reports of facts and submissions of materials prescribed in paragraph (1), item (i) made by | |
| Article 7-5, paragraph (1) (the portion other than its items) | an enterprise that reports facts and submits materials regarding the facts | a specified enterprise that reports facts and submits materials regarding the facts |
| enterprise that made a report and submission | specified enterprise that made a report and submission | |
| Article 7-5, paragraph (1), item (i), (b) | enterprise that made a report and submission | specified enterprise that made a report and submission |
| Article 7-5, paragraph (1), item (ii) | enterprise | specified enterprise |
| Article 7-5, paragraphs (2), (4), (6), (7), and (9) through (11) | enterprise that made a report and submission | specified enterprise that made a report and submission |
| Article 7-6 (excluding item (iv)) | enterprise | specified enterprise |
| Article 7-6, item (iv) | committed by the relevant enterprise | committed by the relevant trade association |
| the enterprise | the specified enterprise | |
| another enterprise | another specified enterprise | |
| other than the relevant enterprise | other than the relevant specified enterprise | |
| among the enterprises | among the specified enterprises | |
| one or more enterprises | one or more specified enterprises | |
| other than any other enterprise | other than any other specified enterprise | |
| to commit the violation | to conduct business activities as the implementation of the violation | |
| from discontinuing the relevant violation | from discontinuing business activities as the implementation of the relevant violation | |
| Article 7-8, paragraph (1) | that Article, Article 7-3 | that Article |
| , Article 7-5, paragraph (3), or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article | , or Article 7-5, paragraph (3) | |
| Article 7-8, paragraph (2) | Article 7-2, Article 7-3 | Article 7-2 |
| , Article 7-5, paragraph (3), or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article | , or Article 7-5, paragraph (3) |
第二条の二（第十四項を除く。）、第七条の二、第七条の四（第四項第二号及び第三号を除く。）、第七条の五、第七条の六並びに第七条の八第一項、第二項及び第六項の規定は、第八条第一号（不当な取引制限に相当する行為をする場合に限る。）又は第二号（不当な取引制限に該当する事項を内容とする国際的協定又は国際的契約をする場合に限る。）の規定に違反する行為が行われた場合について準用する。この場合において、次の表の上欄に掲げる規定中同表の中欄に掲げる字句は、それぞれ同表の下欄に掲げる字句に読み替えるものとする。
| 第二条の二第二項 | この章 | この章（第八条の三において読み替えて準用する第七条の四第四項第一号を除く。） |
| 第二条の二第四項 | 第七条の二第一項又は第七条の九第一項若しくは第二項に規定する違反行為のうちいずれかの違反行為（第十三項及び第十四項を除き、 | 第八条の三に規定する違反行為（ |
| 事業者 | 事業者団体の構成事業者（事業者の利益のためにする行為を行う役員、従業員、代理人その他の者が構成事業者である場合にあつては、当該事業者を含む。以下この章において「特定事業者」という。） | |
| 第二条の二第五項 | 事業者 | 事業者団体 |
| をしたもの | の実行としての事業活動をしたもの | |
| 第二条の二第六項 | 事業者 | 事業者団体 |
| をしていないもの | の実行としての事業活動をしていないもの | |
| 第二条の二第七項 | 事業者と | 事業者団体の特定事業者と |
| 事業者から | 特定事業者から | |
| 第二条の二第八項 | 事業者 | 事業者団体の特定事業者 |
| 第二条の二第九項 | 事業者 | 事業者団体 |
| をしたもの | の実行としての事業活動をしたもの | |
| 第二条の二第十項 | 事業者 | 事業者団体 |
| をしていないもの | の実行としての事業活動をしていないもの | |
| 第二条の二第十一項 | 事業者と | 事業者団体の特定事業者と |
| 事業者から | 特定事業者から | |
| 第二条の二第十二項 | 第七条の二第一項又は第七条の九第一項若しくは第二項 | 第八条の三 |
| 事業者 | 事業者団体の特定事業者 | |
| 第二条の二第十三項 | 第七条の二第一項又は第七条の九第一項に規定する違反行為をした | 違反行為をした事業者団体の |
| 事業者 | 特定事業者 | |
| 第二条の二第十五項 | 事業者 | 事業者団体の特定事業者 |
| 第七条の二第一項各号列記以外の部分 | 事業者が | 事業者団体が |
| 事業者に | 事業者団体の特定事業者に | |
| 第七条の二第一項各号 | 事業者 | 特定事業者 |
| 第七条の二第一項第三号 | をしていない | の実行としての事業活動をしていない |
| 第七条の二第一項第四号 | 違反行為をした | 違反行為をした事業者団体の |
| 第七条の二第二項及び第三項 | 当該事業者 | 当該特定事業者 |
| 第七条の四第一項各号列記以外の部分 | 事業者 | 特定事業者 |
| 第七条の四第一項第一号 | 違反行為をした | 違反行為をした事業者団体の |
| 事業者 | 特定事業者 | |
| 第七条の四第一項第二号 | をしていない | の実行としての事業活動をしていない |
| 第七条の四第二項各号列記以外の部分 | 事業者 | 特定事業者 |
| 前二条 | 同条 | |
| 第七条の四第二項第一号から第四号まで | 事業者 | 事業者団体の特定事業者 |
| 第七条の四第二項第五号 | をしていない | の実行としての事業活動をしていない |
| 第七条の四第三項各号列記以外の部分 | 事業者 | 特定事業者 |
| 第七条の四第三項第三号 | をしていない | の実行としての事業活動をしていない |
| 第七条の四第四項各号列記以外の部分 | 第七条の二第一項に規定する違反行為をした | 第八条第一号（不当な取引制限に相当する行為をする場合に限る。）又は第二号（不当な取引制限に該当する事項を内容とする国際的協定又は国際的契約をする場合に限る。）の規定に違反する行為をした事業者団体の |
| 事業者 | 特定事業者 | |
| 第一号に該当し、かつ、第二号又は第三号のいずれかに該当する | 第一号に該当する | |
| 第七条の四第四項第一号 | 事業者 | 特定事業者 |
| 子会社等 | 子会社等（特定事業者の子会社（第二条の二第二項に規定する子会社をいう。）若しくは親会社（同項に規定する親会社をいう。以下この号において同じ。）又は当該特定事業者と親会社が同一である他の会社をいう。） | |
| 第七条の四第五項及び第六項 | 事業者 | 特定事業者 |
| 第七条の四第七項 | 事業者 | 特定事業者 |
| した違反行為 | 行つた同項第一号に規定する事実の報告及び資料の提出 | |
| 第七条の五第一項各号列記以外の部分 | 行つた事業者 | 行つた特定事業者 |
| 報告等事業者 | 特定報告等事業者 | |
| 第七条の五第一項第一号ロ | 報告等事業者 | 特定報告等事業者 |
| 第七条の五第一項第二号 | 事業者 | 特定事業者 |
| 第七条の五第二項、第四項、第六項、第七項及び第九項から第十一項まで | 報告等事業者 | 特定報告等事業者 |
| 第七条の六（第四号を除く。） | 事業者 | 特定事業者 |
| 第七条の六第四号 | 事業者がした | 事業者団体がした |
| 、当該事業者 | 、当該特定事業者 | |
| 他の事業者 | 他の特定事業者 | |
| （当該事業者 | （当該特定事業者 | |
| 及び当該事業者 | 及び当該特定事業者 | |
| 一以上の事業者 | 一以上の特定事業者 | |
| 以外の事業者 | 以外の特定事業者 | |
| をする | の実行としての事業活動を行う | |
| をやめる | の実行としての事業活動をやめる | |
| 第七条の八第一項 | 同条、第七条の三 | 同条 |
| 、第七条の五第三項又は前条第一項 | 又は第七条の五第三項 | |
| 第七条の八第二項 | 第七条の二、第七条の三 | 第七条の二 |
| 、第七条の五第三項又は前条第一項 | 又は第七条の五第三項 |
enterprise
「事業者」
Anyone who carries on a commercial, industrial, financial or other business; an officer, employee, agent or other person acting for the benefit of an enterprise is also treated as one for the purposes of Article 2, paragraph (2) and Chapter 3 (trade associations).
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1)· applies throughout the law
trade association
「事業者団体」
A combination of two or more business operators (事業者), or a federation of such combinations, whose main purpose is to advance their common interests as business operators, including associations, foundations and partnerships of the kinds Article 2, paragraph (2) lists, but not one that has capital or contributions from its members and mainly carries on, and actually carries on, a business for profit.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (2)· applies throughout the law
officer
「役員」
A board member (理事), director (取締役), executive officer (執行役), member who executes the business (業務を執行する社員), auditor (監事 or 監査役) or a person equivalent to any of these, a manager (支配人), or the person in charge of the business of a head office or branch office.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (3)· applies throughout the law
competition
「競争」
The state in which two or more enterprises (事業者), within the normal scope of their business and without significant change to its facilities or form, supply the same or similar goods or services to the same buyers, or are supplied with them by the same suppliers, or could do so.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (4)· applies throughout the law
unreasonable restraint of trade
「不当な取引制限」
An enterprise (事業者), by contract, agreement or any other means, acting together with other enterprises to fix, maintain or raise prices or to limit quantities, technology, products, facilities or business partners, so that they mutually restrict or carry on their business activities and, contrary to the public interest, substantially restrain competition in a particular field of trade.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (6)· applies throughout the law
unfair trade practices
「不公正な取引方法」
Any of the acts Article 2, paragraph (9) lists: refusing to deal together with competitors without justifiable grounds, unjust discriminatory pricing or selling far below cost that is likely to make other enterprises' business difficult, restricting a buyer's resale prices, abusing a superior bargaining position, and other acts likely to impede fair competition of the kinds listed in item (vi) that the Japan Fair Trade Commission designates.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (9)· applies throughout the law
constituent enterprise
「構成事業者」
A business operator (事業者) that is a member of a trade association (事業者団体).
Defined inArticle 8, paragraph (1), item (iv)
specified enterprisemachine translation
「特定事業者」
Where Article 8-3 applies the surcharge (課徴金) provisions of Chapter 2 to trade associations (事業者団体), a constituent enterprise (構成事業者) of the trade association, including the enterprise for whose benefit an officer, employee, agent or other person who is a constituent enterprise acts.
Short name set inArticle 8-3, paragraph (1)· applies only in this chapter
subsidiary companies
「子会社」
In Article 10, paragraphs (2) and (5), a stock company in which a company holds a majority of all shareholders' votes, or another company, etc. (会社等) whose management the company controls, as the Rules of the Japan Fair Trade Commission (公正取引委員会規則) set out.
Defined inArticle 10, paragraph (6)
parent company
「親会社」
In Article 10, paragraphs (2) and (5), a company that controls the management of a company, etc. (会社等), as the Rules of the Japan Fair Trade Commission (公正取引委員会規則) set out.
Defined inArticle 10, paragraph (7)
Fair Trade Commission
公正取引委員会
The body the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade (独占禁止法, the Antimonopoly Act) sets up to achieve that Act's purpose — among other things, to promote fair and free competition by banning private monopolization, unreasonable restraint of trade and unfair trade practices, and so to protect the interests of general consumers and the democratic and sound development of the national economy (Antimonopoly Act, Articles 1 and 27, paragraph (1)). It comes under the Prime Minister's jurisdiction, but its chairperson and four commissioners — appointed by the Prime Minister with the consent of both Houses of the Diet — exercise their authority independently (Articles 27, paragraph (2), 28 and 29). Under the Act against Unjustifiable Premiums and Misleading Representations, businesses and trade associations may, with the approval of both the Prime Minister and the Fair Trade Commission, conclude or set agreements or rules (協定又は規約) on premiums or representations (Article 36, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Antimonopoly Act, Arts. 1, 27, 28, 29 and Act against Unjustifiable Premiums and Misleading Representations, Art. 36 as a reference.