A person may not engage in banking unless licensed by the Prime Minister to do so.
銀行業は、内閣総理大臣の免許を受けた者でなければ、営むことができない。
When an application is filed for a banking license, the Prime Minister must examine whether the following criteria are met:
内閣総理大臣は、銀行業の免許の申請があつたときは、次に掲げる基準に適合するかどうかを審査しなければならない。
the person filing application for the banking license (hereinafter referred to as the "applicant" in this paragraph) has a sufficient financial basis to perform the services of a bank soundly and efficiently, and has good prospects for income and expenditures in connection with those services; and
If a person that has persons engaged in banking in a foreign country in accordance with foreign laws and regulations (including a person that has a unique relationship specified by Cabinet Order with the person, but excluding a bank, etc.; hereinafter such a person is referred to as a "foreign bank, etc." in this paragraph) as all or some of their shareholders files a banking license application, and the foreign bank, etc. lawfully holds voting rights in the person filing the banking license application which exceed the number arrived at by multiplying the total shareholder voting rights in that person shareholders by the percentage specified by Cabinet Office Order, in addition to the criteria set forth in each item of the preceding paragraph, the Prime Minister must examine whether banks are found to be treated in substantially the same manner as under this Act in the country where the principal business office of the foreign bank, etc. is located; provided, however, that this does not apply to the case in which the examination would interfere with the faithful fulfillment of an international agreement or in other cases specified by Cabinet Order.
外国の法令に準拠して外国において銀行業を営む者（その者と政令で定める特殊の関係のある者を含むものとし、銀行等を除く。以下この項において「外国銀行等」という。）をその株主の全部又は一部とする者が銀行業の免許を申請した場合において、当該外国銀行等が当該免許を申請した者の総株主の議決権に内閣府令で定める率を乗じて得た数を超える議決権を適法に保有しているときは、内閣総理大臣は、前項各号に掲げる基準のほか、当該外国銀行等の主たる営業所が所在する国において、銀行に対し、この法律による取扱いと実質的に同等な取扱いが行われると認められるかどうかの審査をしなければならない。ただし、当該審査が国際約束の誠実な履行を妨げることとなる場合その他の政令で定める場合は、この限りでない。
If the Prime Minister finds it to be necessary in the public interest in light of the examination criteria under the preceding two paragraphs, the Prime Minister may attach conditions to the license referred to in paragraph (1) or change those conditions, to the extent necessary.
The term "bank, etc." as used in paragraph (3) means a bank, a long-term credit bank (meaning a long-term credit bank as defined in Article 2 (Definitions) of the Long-Term Credit Bank Act (Act No. 187 of 1952); the same applies hereinafter), or a financial institution specified by Cabinet Office Order.