Chapter VI Exemptions
第六章 適用除外
第二十一条
The provisions of this Act do not apply to acts found to constitute an exercise of rights under the Copyright Act, Patent Act, Utility Model Act, Design Act, or Trademark Act.
この法律の規定は、著作権法、特許法、実用新案法、意匠法又は商標法による権利の行使と認められる行為にはこれを適用しない。
第二十二条
The provisions of this Act do not apply to acts by a partnership (including a federation of partnerships) which conforms to the requirements listed in each of the following items and which has been formed pursuant to the provisions of other Acts provided, however, that this does not apply if unfair trade practices are employed, or if competition in any particular field of trade is substantially restrained, resulting in unjust price increases:
the purpose of the partnership is to provide mutual support to small-scale enterprises or consumers;
小規模の事業者又は消費者の相互扶助を目的とすること。
the partnership is voluntarily formed, and the partners may voluntarily participate in and withdraw from it;
任意に設立され、かつ、組合員が任意に加入し、又は脱退することができること。
each partner possesses equal voting rights; and
各組合員が平等の議決権を有すること。
if a distribution of profits among partners is contemplated, the limits of the distributions are prescribed by the applicable laws and regulations or in the articles of partnership.
組合員に対して利益分配を行う場合には、その限度が法令又は定款に定められていること。
第二十三条
The provisions of this Act do not apply to legitimate acts by an enterprise that produces or sells goods designated by the Japan Fair Trade Commission of easily recognizable uniform quality, in order to fix and maintain the resale price with another enterprise that purchases the goods (this term "resale price" means the price at which the latter enterprise or an enterprise that purchases the goods from the latter enterprise for sale sells it; the same applies hereinafter) provided, however, that this does not apply if the act tends to unreasonably harm the interests of general consumers, or if it is engaged in by an enterprise that sells the goods against the will of the enterprise that produces the goods.
この法律の規定は、公正取引委員会の指定する商品であつて、その品質が一様であることを容易に識別することができるものを生産し、又は販売する事業者が、当該商品の販売の相手方たる事業者とその商品の再販売価格（その相手方たる事業者又はその相手方たる事業者の販売する当該商品を買い受けて販売する事業者がその商品を販売する価格をいう。以下同じ。）を決定し、これを維持するためにする正当な行為については、これを適用しない。ただし、当該行為が一般消費者の利益を不当に害することとなる場合及びその商品を販売する事業者がする行為にあつてはその商品を生産する事業者の意に反してする場合は、この限りでない。
The Japan Fair Trade Commission must not designate goods under the provisions of the preceding paragraph unless each of the following items applies:
公正取引委員会は、次の各号に該当する場合でなければ、前項の規定による指定をしてはならない。
the goods are for daily use by general consumers; and
当該商品が一般消費者により日常使用されるものであること。
free competition exists with respect to the goods.
当該商品について自由な競争が行われていること。
The designation of goods under the provisions of paragraph (1) is made via a public notice.
第一項の規定による指定は、告示によつてこれを行う。
Paragraph (1) also applies to legitimate acts by an enterprise that publishes works or an enterprise that sells the published works in order to fix and maintain the resale price with another enterprise that purchases the works.
Organizations formed pursuant to the provisions of any of the following Acts are not to be included in another enterprise who purchases goods or works provided in paragraph (1) or the preceding paragraph provided, however, that for organizations formed pursuant to the provisions of any of the Acts listed in items (vii) and (x), this only applies if a business cooperative, a small business cooperative, a federation of cooperatives, a commercial and industrial partnership, or a federation of commercial and industrial partnerships purchases such goods as provided in paragraph (2) or the works as provided in the preceding paragraph, for the consumption of persons directly or indirectly constituting the relevant business cooperative, federation of cooperatives, commercial and industrial partnerships, or a federation of commercial and industrial partnerships:
National Public Service Act (Act No. 120 of 1947);
国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）
Agricultural Cooperatives Act (Act No. 132 of 1947);
農業協同組合法（昭和二十二年法律第百三十二号）
Consumer Cooperatives Act (Act No. 200 of 1948);
消費生活協同組合法（昭和二十三年法律第二百号）
Fishery Cooperatives Act (Act No. 242 of 1948);
水産業協同組合法（昭和二十三年法律第二百四十二号）
Act on Labor Relationship of Agencies Engaged in Administrative Execution (Act No. 257 of 1948);
行政執行法人の労働関係に関する法律（昭和二十三年法律第二百五十七号）
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Cooperatives Act (Act No. 181 of 1949);
中小企業等協同組合法（昭和二十四年法律第百八十一号）
Local Public Service Act (Act No. 261 of 1950);
地方公務員法（昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号）
Local Public Enterprise Labor Relationships Act (Act No. 289 of 1952);
地方公営企業等の労働関係に関する法律（昭和二十七年法律第二百八十九号）
Act on the Organization of the Association of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (Act No. 185 of 1957);
中小企業団体の組織に関する法律（昭和三十二年法律第百八十五号）
Act on National Public Employees Mutual Aid Associations (Act No. 128 of 1958);
国家公務員共済組合法（昭和三十三年法律第百二十八号）
Act on Local Public Employees Mutual Aid Associations (Act No. 152 of 1962); or
地方公務員等共済組合法（昭和三十七年法律第百五十二号）
Forestry Cooperatives Act (Act No. 36 of 1978).
森林組合法（昭和五十三年法律第三十六号）
If an enterprise as provided in paragraph (1) has entered into a contract that fixes and maintains the resale price as provided in that paragraph, it must notify the Japan Fair Trade Commission as provided in the Rules of the Japan Fair Trade Commission within thirty days from the date of the contract provided, however, that this does not apply if otherwise prescribed by the Rules of the Japan Fair Trade Commission.
enterprise
「事業者」
Anyone who carries on a commercial, industrial, financial or other business; an officer, employee, agent or other person acting for the benefit of an enterprise is also treated as one for the purposes of Article 2, paragraph (2) and Chapter 3 (trade associations).
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (1)· applies throughout the law
competition
「競争」
The state in which two or more enterprises (事業者), within the normal scope of their business and without significant change to its facilities or form, supply the same or similar goods or services to the same buyers, or are supplied with them by the same suppliers, or could do so.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (4)· applies throughout the law
unfair trade practices
「不公正な取引方法」
Any of the acts Article 2, paragraph (9) lists: refusing to deal together with competitors without justifiable grounds, unjust discriminatory pricing or selling far below cost that is likely to make other enterprises' business difficult, restricting a buyer's resale prices, abusing a superior bargaining position, and other acts likely to impede fair competition of the kinds listed in item (vi) that the Japan Fair Trade Commission designates.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (9)· applies throughout the law
resale pricemachine translation
「再販売価格」
The price at which an enterprise that buys goods designated by the Japan Fair Trade Commission from their producer or seller, or an enterprise that buys them from that enterprise to sell, sells them on.
Defined inArticle 23, paragraph (1)
articles of incorporation
定款
A company's own basic rules, written by its founders when it is formed: at least its purpose, its trade name, where its head office is, the value of the property contributed at incorporation and who the founders are (Companies Act, Article 27). A stock company's must be certified by a notary before it takes effect (Article 30, paragraph (1)), and can later be changed by a resolution of the shareholders meeting (Article 466). Many rules in the Act apply "unless the articles of incorporation provide otherwise", so a company's articles decide a great deal of how the Act applies to it.
Written by AI using Companies Act, Arts. 26, 27, 30, 466, 575 as a reference.
Fair Trade Commission
公正取引委員会
The body the Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade (独占禁止法, the Antimonopoly Act) sets up to achieve that Act's purpose — among other things, to promote fair and free competition by banning private monopolization, unreasonable restraint of trade and unfair trade practices, and so to protect the interests of general consumers and the democratic and sound development of the national economy (Antimonopoly Act, Articles 1 and 27, paragraph (1)). It comes under the Prime Minister's jurisdiction, but its chairperson and four commissioners — appointed by the Prime Minister with the consent of both Houses of the Diet — exercise their authority independently (Articles 27, paragraph (2), 28 and 29). Under the Act against Unjustifiable Premiums and Misleading Representations, businesses and trade associations may, with the approval of both the Prime Minister and the Fair Trade Commission, conclude or set agreements or rules (協定又は規約) on premiums or representations (Article 36, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Antimonopoly Act, Arts. 1, 27, 28, 29 and Act against Unjustifiable Premiums and Misleading Representations, Art. 36 as a reference.