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Glossary

Penal Code

刑法(けいほう)

Every term this law . Its definitions bind only this law — each entry says where the definition applies and links to the sentence that settles it. 29 terms: 3 with the Ministry of Justice's English, 26 in our translation, marked as such.

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electronic or magnetic record

電磁的記録(でんじてききろく)

A record made in electronic, magnetic or any other form people cannot perceive directly, for use in computer processing.

電子的方式、磁気的方式その他人の知覚によっては認識することができない方式で作られる記録であって、電子計算機による情報処理の用に供されるもの

Article 7-2, paragraph (1)
45provisions
public employee

公務員(こうむいん)

A national or local government official, or a member of an assembly or committee or any other staff member who performs public duties (公務) under laws and regulations.

国又は地方公共団体の職員その他法令により公務に従事する議員、委員その他の職員

Article 7, paragraph (1)
29provisions
public office

公務所(こうむしょ)

A government agency (官公庁) or any other place where public employees (公務員) perform their duties.

官公庁その他公務員が職務を行う所

Article 7, paragraph (2)
15provisions
document or drawing

文書等(ぶんしょとう)

In Chapter XVII (crimes of counterfeiting of documents), a document or drawing of anyone: Article 155 uses it for those a public office (公務所) or public employee (公務員) is to make, and Article 159 for those of any other person concerning rights, duties or the proof of facts.

Article 155, paragraph (1), item (i)
14provisions
seal or signature

印章等(いんしょうとう)

In Chapter XVII (crimes of counterfeiting of documents) and Articles 165 and 167, a seal (印章) or signature of anyone: Articles 155 and 165 use it for those of a public office (公務所) or public employee (公務員), and Articles 159 and 167 for those of any other person.

Article 155, paragraph (1), item (i)
11provisions
electronic or magnetic record of a document or drawing

電磁的記録文書等(でんじてききろくぶんしょとう)

In Chapter XVII (crimes of counterfeiting of documents), an electronic or magnetic record (電磁的記録) that is to be displayed and used as a document or drawing, whether one a public office (公務所) or public employee (公務員) is to make or one of any other person.

文書等として表示されて行使されることとなる電磁的記録

Article 155, paragraph (1), item (ii)
11provisions
electronic or magnetic record of a seal or signature

電磁的記録印章等(でんじてききろくいんしょうとう)

In Chapter XVII (crimes of counterfeiting of documents) and Articles 165 and 167, an electronic or magnetic record (電磁的記録) that is to be displayed as a seal (印章) or signature, whether of a public office (公務所) or public employee (公務員) or of any other person.

印章等として表示されることとなる電磁的記録

Article 155, paragraph (1), item (ii)
9provisions
sexual intercourse, etc.

性交等(せいこうとう)

In Article 177 and Article 179(2), vaginal, anal or oral intercourse, or an indecent act of inserting a part of the body other than the penis, or an object, into the vagina or anus.

Article 177, paragraph (1)
9provisions
2022 Act amending the Penal Code and other laws

刑法等一部改正法(けいほうとういちぶかいせいほう)

Short name for the 2022 Act amending the Penal Code and other laws (刑法等の一部を改正する法律, Act No. 67 of 2022).

6provisions
new Penal Code

新刑法(しんけいほう)

The Penal Code as amended by Article 2 of Act No. 28 of 2023.

Supplementary Provisions, Article 9, paragraph (1)
6provisions
new Penal Code

新刑法(しんけいほう)

This Act as amended by Article 3 of Act No. 39 of 2025.

Supplementary Provisions, Article 8, paragraph (1)
6provisions
the former Act

旧法(きゅうほう)

This Act as it stood before Article 1 of Act No. 156 of 2004 amended it.

5provisions
the former Act

旧法(きゅうほう)

This Act as it stood before Act No. 72 of 2017 amended it.

5provisions
effective date of the 2022 Act amending the Penal Code and other laws

刑法等一部改正法施行日(けいほうとういちぶかいせいほうしこうび)

The day the 2022 Act amending the Penal Code and other laws (刑法等の一部を改正する法律, Act No. 67 of 2022) comes into effect.

5provisions
effective date of the 2022 Act amending the Penal Code and other laws

刑法等一部改正法施行日(けいほうとういちぶかいせいほうしこうび)

The day the 2022 Act amending the Penal Code and other laws (刑法等の一部を改正する法律, Act No. 67 of 2022) comes into effect.

Supplementary Provisions, Article 8, paragraph (1)
5provisions
period of continued effect

効力継続期間(こうりょくけいぞくきかん)

In Article 27, the period that starts on the day a fully suspended sentence's suspension of execution (刑の全部の執行猶予) ends, during which the sentence stays in effect because the person has been charged (公訴の提起) with a further crime, punishable by a fine or heavier, committed during the suspension; it lasts until the suspension can no longer be revoked under Article 27(4) or (5).

Article 27, paragraph (2)
4provisions
period of continued effect

効力継続期間(こうりょくけいぞくきかん)

In Article 27-7, the period that starts on the day the suspension period of a partly suspended sentence (刑の一部の執行猶予) ends, during which the sentence is not yet reduced to its unsuspended part because the person has been charged (公訴の提起) with a further crime, punishable by a fine or heavier, committed before that period ended; it lasts until the suspension can no longer be revoked under Article 27-7(4) or (5).

Article 27-7, paragraph (2)
4provisions
Organized Crime Punishment Act

組織的犯罪処罰法(そしきてきはんざいしょばつほう)

Short name, in the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 39 of 2025, for the Act on Punishment of Organized Crimes and Control of Proceeds of Crime.

4provisions
Penal Code Amendment Act

刑法一部改正法(けいほういちぶかいせいほう)

Short name, in Article 5 of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 67 of 2017, for the Act Partially Amending the Penal Code (Act No. 72 of 2017).

Supplementary Provisions, Article 1, paragraph (1), item (ii)
3provisions
new Code of Criminal Procedure

新刑事訴訟法(しんけいじそしょうほう)

The Code of Criminal Procedure (Act No. 131 of 1948) as amended by Article 3 of the 2023 Act amending the Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure (Act No. 66 of 2023).

3provisions
former Penal Code

旧刑法(きゅうけいほう)

This Act as it stood before Article 1 of Act No. 66 of 2023 amended it.

3provisions
electronic or magnetic record of a mark

電磁的記録記号(でんじてききろくきごう)

In Article 166, an electronic or magnetic record (電磁的記録) that is to be displayed as a mark (記号).

記号として表示されることとなる電磁的記録

Article 166, paragraph (1)
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the new Act

新法(しんぽう)

This Act as amended by Act No. 91 of 1995.

Supplementary Provisions, Article 2, paragraph (2)
2provisions
item (i) effective date

第一号施行日(だいいちごうしこうび)

The date the provisions listed in Article 1, item (i) of the supplementary provisions (附則) of Act No. 28 of 2023 came into effect: the day that Act was promulgated (公布), 17 May 2023.

Supplementary Provisions, Article 9, paragraph (1)
2provisions
provisions of the new Penal Code, etc.

新刑法等の規定(しんけいほうとうのきてい)

The provisions of each law as amended by Act No. 66 of 2023, an Act amending the Penal Code, together with the provisions of the Act on the Punishment of Acts of Photographing Sexual Poses, etc. and the Erasure, etc. of Electronic or Magnetic Records of Images of Sexual Poses Recorded on Seized Articles (Act No. 67 of 2023).

2provisions
sexual parts

性的な部位(せいてきなぶい)

In Article 182(3)(ii), the genitals or anus or the areas around them, the buttocks, or the chest.

性器若しくは肛門若しくはこれらの周辺部、臀部又は胸部

Article 182, paragraph (3), item (ii)
1provisions
effective date of the 2022 Penal Code amendments

刑法施行日(けいほうしこうび)

The day the 2022 Act amending the Penal Code and other laws (刑法等の一部を改正する法律, Act No. 67 of 2022) comes into effect.

Supplementary Provisions, Article 3, paragraph (1)
1provisions
counsel, etc.

弁護人等(べんごにんとう)

Defense counsel, or someone about to become defense counsel at the request of a person entitled to appoint one (a non-lawyer only after court permission under Article 31(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure).

1provisions
accused, etc.

被告人等(ひこくにんとう)

A defendant in a criminal case or a criminal suspect.

1provisions