Chapter I General Provisions
第一章 総則
第一条
The term "school" as used in this Act means kindergarten, elementary school, junior high school, compulsory education school, high school, secondary education school, special needs education school, university, and college of technology (KOSEN).
この法律で、学校とは、幼稚園、小学校、中学校、義務教育学校、高等学校、中等教育学校、特別支援学校、大学及び高等専門学校とする。
第二条
Schools may only be established by the national government (including the national university corporation provided in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the National University Corporations Act (Act No. 112 of 2003), and Institute of National Colleges of Technology, Incorporated Administrative Agency; the same applies below), local government (including public university corporations provided for in Article 68, paragraph (1) of the Local Incorporated Administrative Agency Act (Act No. 118 of 2003) (referred to below as "public university corporations"); the same applies in the following paragraph and Article 127), and incorporated educational institutions provided in Article 3 of the Private Schools Act (Act No. 270 of 1949) (referred to below as "incorporated educational institutions")
In this Act, national school means schools established by the national government, public school means schools established by the local government, and private school means schools established by the incorporated educational institution.
この法律で、国立学校とは、国の設置する学校を、公立学校とは、地方公共団体の設置する学校を、私立学校とは、学校法人の設置する学校をいう。
第三条
A person that intends to establish a school must establish it according to the type of school, and in compliance with the standards of establishment relating to equipment, organization, and others specified by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
学校を設置しようとする者は、学校の種類に応じ、文部科学大臣の定める設備、編制その他に関する設置基準に従い、これを設置しなければならない。
第四条
The establishment and abolition of schools, changes of founder, or other matters prescribed by Cabinet Order (referred to as "establishment and abolition, etc." in the following Article) stated in the following items, must be approved respectively by a person specified in those items. Among these schools, the same will apply to the ordinary courses (referred to below as "full-time courses") for high schools (including upper courses of secondary education schools), courses provided at night, or at other special times or periods (referred to below as "part-time courses"), and courses providing education through correspondence (referred to below as "correspondence courses"), university faculties, graduate schools and academic units of graduate school , and university departments in Article 108, paragraph (2).
public or private university and college of technology:Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology;
公立又は私立の大学及び高等専門学校 文部科学大臣
high schools, secondary education schools, and special needs education schools established by a municipality (this includes public university corporations established independently by a municipality or in cooperation with other municipalities; the same applies in the following Article, Article 13, paragraph (2), Article 14, Article 130, paragraph (1), and Article 131):Prefectural Board of Education;
private kindergarten, elementary school, junior high school, compulsory education school, high school, secondary education school, and special needs education school:prefectural governor.
私立の幼稚園、小学校、中学校、義務教育学校、高等学校、中等教育学校及び特別支援学校 都道府県知事
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a person establishing a school stated in item (i) of that paragraph is not required to obtain approval in that paragraph when conducting the following matters. In such a case, a person establishing the relevant school must notify the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of this in advance, as provided by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology:
establishing a university faculty or an academic unit of graduate school or a university department under Article 108, paragraph (2), that does not involve a change of type or field of the degree granted by the relevant university;
大学の学部若しくは大学院の研究科又は第百八条第二項の大学の学科の設置であつて、当該大学が授与する学位の種類及び分野の変更を伴わないもの
abolishing a university faculty or academic unit of graduate school or a university department in Article 108, paragraph (2);
大学の学部若しくは大学院の研究科又は第百八条第二項の大学の学科の廃止
matters prescribed by Cabinet Order, beyond what is stated in the preceding two items.
前二号に掲げるもののほか、政令で定める事項
For cases in which there is a notification as referred to in the preceding paragraph; when the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology finds matters stated in that notification which are not compliant with laws and regulations relating to matters including equipment, class, or others, the Minister may order the person giving the notification to take necessary measures.
文部科学大臣は、前項の届出があつた場合において、その届出に係る事項が、設備、授業その他の事項に関する法令の規定に適合しないと認めるときは、その届出をした者に対し、必要な措置をとるべきことを命ずることができる。
The provisions provided for in paragraph (1) does not apply to high schools, secondary education schools, and special needs education schools established by designated cities provided for in Article 252-19, paragraph (1) of Local Autonomy Act (Act No. 67 of 1947) (referred to below as "designated cities") (this includes public university corporations established independently by designated cities or in cooperation with other municipalities). In such cases, a person establishing the relevant high school, secondary education school, or special needs education school, must notify the prefectural board of education in advance when attempting to conduct matters for which it is deemed one must obtain approval, pursuant to the provisions of that paragraph.
The standard for types of degrees and changes in field under paragraph (2), item (i), is to be specified by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
第二項第一号の学位の種類及び分野の変更に関する基準は、文部科学大臣が、これを定める。
第四条の二
When a municipality attempts an establishment or abolition, etc. of a municipal kindergarten, it must notify the prefectural board of education in advance.
市町村は、その設置する幼稚園の設置廃止等を行おうとするときは、あらかじめ、都道府県の教育委員会に届け出なければならない。
第五条
The founder of a school is to manage the school that it establishes, and bear costs for that school except as otherwise specially provided for by laws and regulations.
学校の設置者は、その設置する学校を管理し、法令に特別の定のある場合を除いては、その学校の経費を負担する。
第六条
Schools may collect tuition fees; provided, however, that this may not be collected for compulsory education in national or public elementary schools, junior high schools, compulsory education schools, the lower courses of secondary education schools, or elementary school courses and junior high school courses in special needs education schools.
学校においては、授業料を徴収することができる。ただし、国立又は公立の小学校及び中学校、義務教育学校、中等教育学校の前期課程又は特別支援学校の小学部及び中学部における義務教育については、これを徴収することができない。
第七条
School must have a school principal and a considerable number of teachers.
学校には、校長及び相当数の教員を置かなければならない。
第八条
Matters relating to qualifications of school principals and teachers (except for those to whom the Education Personnel Certification Act (Act No. 147 of 1949) applies) are to be prescribed by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, beyond what is specified separately by law.
校長及び教員（教育職員免許法（昭和二十四年法律第百四十七号）の適用を受ける者を除く。）の資格に関する事項は、別に法律で定めるもののほか、文部科学大臣がこれを定める。
第九条
Any persons falling under any of the following items may not become school principals or teachers:
次の各号のいずれかに該当する者は、校長又は教員となることができない。
a person who has been sentenced to imprisonment or heavier punishment;
拘禁刑以上の刑に処せられた者
a person whose certificates have ceased to be effective due to falling under Article 10, paragraph (1), item (ii) or (iii) of the Education Personnel Certification Act, and for whom 3 years have not passed since that day of expiration;
教育職員免許法第十条第一項第二号又は第三号に該当することにより免許状がその効力を失い、当該失効の日から三年を経過しない者
a person who has lost their certificates due to receiving disposition pursuant to the provisions of Article 11, paragraphs (1) through (3) of the Education Personnel Certification Act, and for whom 3 years have not passed;
教育職員免許法第十一条第一項から第三項までの規定により免許状取上げの処分を受け、三年を経過しない者
a person who, on or after the date of the enforcement of the Constitution of Japan, formed or belonged to a political party or other organization which advocates the overthrow by force of the Constitution of Japan, or the government established under it.
日本国憲法施行の日以後において、日本国憲法又はその下に成立した政府を暴力で破壊することを主張する政党その他の団体を結成し、又はこれに加入した者
第十条
Private schools must specify a school principal, and universities and colleges of technology must notify the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and schools other than a university or college of technology must notify the prefectural governor.
私立学校は、校長を定め、大学及び高等専門学校にあつては文部科学大臣に、大学及び高等専門学校以外の学校にあつては都道府県知事に届け出なければならない。
第十一条
School principals and teachers may take disciplinary action against pupils and students, when it is found educationally necessary and as provided by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; provided, however, that no corporal punishment may be inflicted.
校長及び教員は、教育上必要があると認めるときは、文部科学大臣の定めるところにより、児童、生徒及び学生に懲戒を加えることができる。ただし、体罰を加えることはできない。
第十二条
The school, as provided for separately by law, must conduct health checkups and other necessary measures for health, in order to maintain and promote the health of young children, pupils,students, and staff members
学校においては、別に法律で定めるところにより、幼児、児童、生徒及び学生並びに職員の健康の保持増進を図るため、健康診断を行い、その他その保健に必要な措置を講じなければならない。
第十三条
For cases in which schools stated in each item of Article 4, paragraph (1) comes to fall under any of the following items, the respective persons specified in each item of that paragraph may order the closure of the relevant school:
when the provisions of laws and regulations are intentionally violated;
法令の規定に故意に違反したとき
when an order that was given by the person pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations are violated;
法令の規定によりその者がした命令に違反したとき
when classes are not conducted for 6 months of more.
六箇月以上授業を行わなかつたとき
The provision of the preceding paragraph applies mutatis mutandis to kindergartens established by a municipality. In this case, the terms "the respective persons specified in each item of that paragraph" in that paragraph, and "the person" in item (ii) of that paragraph, are deemed to be replaced with "the prefectural board of education".
第十四条
The prefectural board of education for schools established by municipalities except universities and colleges of technology, and the prefectural governor for private schools except universities and colleges of technology, may order changes when the relevant schools violate the provisions of laws and regulations, or regulations defined by the prefectural board of education or the prefectural governor, regarding equipment, class, or other matters.
大学及び高等専門学校以外の市町村の設置する学校については都道府県の教育委員会、大学及び高等専門学校以外の私立学校については都道府県知事は、当該学校が、設備、授業その他の事項について、法令の規定又は都道府県の教育委員会若しくは都道府県知事の定める規程に違反したときは、その変更を命ずることができる。
第十五条
When the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology finds that public or private universities or colleges of technology to be in violation of the provisions of laws and regulations relating to equipment, class, or other matters, it may recommend the relevant schools to take necessary measures.
文部科学大臣は、公立又は私立の大学及び高等専門学校が、設備、授業その他の事項について、法令の規定に違反していると認めるときは、当該学校に対し、必要な措置をとるべきことを勧告することができる。
If the matters stated in the relevant recommendation (referred to as "recommended matters" in the following paragraph) remains unimproved after the recommendation made under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology may order changes to be made towards the relevant school.
If the recommended matters remains unimproved after the order made under the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology may order the relevant school to abolish the organizations relating to the relevant recommended matters.
When found necessary in order to give a recommendation under the provisions of paragraph (1), or to issue an order under the provisions of paragraph (2), or those referred to in the preceding paragraph, the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology may request the relevant school to submit a report or documents.