Domestic Relations Case Procedure Act

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 89, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 96, paragraph (1) and Article 98, paragraph (1)), in an adjudication case for the commission of, or the rescission or change of the commission of, delivery of a postal item, etc. addressed to an adult under guardianship, the court in charge of an appeal is not required to hear statements of a person engaged in the correspondence delivery service.

a ruling of the commencement of assistance (limited to the case where it is made simultaneously with a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant):the person who is appointed as an assistant pursuant to the provisions of Article 876-2, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code;

a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant:the person who is appointed as a specified assistant; and

a ruling to determine acts which may be rescinded:the specified assistant (if this ruling is made simultaneously upon making a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant, the person who is appointed as a specified assistant).

(Supervision of the Affairs of Guardianship of Adults)Exception to Hearing of Statements

A family court may have an appropriate person examine the affairs of the guardianship of an adult or the status of the property of an adult under guardianship, or administer such property temporarilyNotwithstanding the provisions of Article 89, paragraph (1) (including as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 96, paragraph (1) and Article 98, paragraph (1)), in an adjudication case for the commission of, or the rescission or change of the commission of, delivery of a postal item, etc. addressed to a person subject to a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant, the court in charge of an appeal is not required to hear statements of a person engaged in the correspondence delivery service.

A family court may grant a reasonable remuneration to the person who has conducted an examination or administration pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, out of the property of the adult under guardianship.

A family court may have a family court investigating officer conduct an examination under the provisions of paragraph (1).

The provisions of Articles 644, 646, 647, and 650 of the Civil Code apply mutatis mutandis to the person who administers property pursuant to paragraph (1).

(Replacement of Administrators)Supervision of the Affairs of Assistance

A family court may, at any time, replace an administrator whom it has appointed in an adjudication case for a disposition regarding the administration of property offered to an adult under guardianship by a third party, with another have an appropriate person examine the affairs of assistance or the status of the property of a person under assistance, or administer such property temporarily.

A family court may order an administrator whom it has appointed in an adjudication case for a disposition regarding the administration of property offered to an adult under guardianship by a third party (including an administrator appointed as a replacement pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph; hereinafter referred to as an "administrator of property" in this Article) to report on the status of the property and settle the account for administrationaward reasonable remuneration to a person who has conducted the examination or administration pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, out of the property of a person under assistance.

The costs required for the report and settlement of the account set forth in the preceding paragraph are paid out of the property of an adult under guardianship.

A family court may issue an order to an Administrator of Property for an increase or decrease in or a change to the security that the administrator has provided, or an exemption from providing the securityhave a family court investigating officer conduct the examination under the provisions of paragraph (1).

When a ruling to order a mortgage to be established on the real property or a vessel owned by an administrator of property becomes effective, a court clerk must commission the registration of the establishment thereof. The same applies to a registration of change or the extinction of a mortgage thus established.

The provisions of Articles 644, 646, 647, and 650 of the Civil Code apply mutatis mutandis to an Administrator of Propertya person who administers property pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1).

When an adult under guardianship has become able to administer their own property, the property under administration no longer exists, or it has otherwise become inappropriate to continue to place the property of the adult under guardianship under administration, the family court must make a ruling to revoke the appointment of an administrator of property or any other disposition regarding the administration of property, upon the petition of the adult under guardianship, the administrator of property or any interested party or by its own authority.

(Provisional Order during a Case on the Merits to Adjudicate Commencement of Guardianship)Sought by Designating an Adjudication Case for the Commencement of Assistance as a Case on the Merits

When a petition for the commencement of guardianshipassistance is filed, and when it is necessary for daily life, medical treatment, and nursing care or administration of the property of a person who is to be an adult under guardianshipa person under assistance, the family court (or a high court in the case set forth in Article 105, paragraph (2); hereinafter the same applies in this Article and the following Article) may, upon petition or by its own authority, appoint an administrator of property or give instructions to a party concerned with the case with regard to the matters regarding daily life, medical treatment, and nursing care or administration of the property of the person who is to be an adult under guardianshipa person under assistance, while not requiring the provision of security, until a ruling on the petition for the commencement of guardianshipassistance becomes effective.

When a petition for the commencement of guardianship assistance and a petition for the determination of acts which require the consent of an assistant is filed, and when it is particularly necessary for the preservation of the property of a person who is to be an adult under guardianshipa person under assistance, the family court may, upon the petition of the person who has filed the petition, order that the person who is to be an adult under guardianship becomesa person under assistance be subject to the guardianshipassistance of the administrator of property set forth in the preceding paragraph in to be appointed pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph (hereinafter simply referred to as an "administrator of property" in this Article) in performing acts in relation to property (excluding limited to the acts prescribed in the proviso to Article 9 of the Civil CodeArticle 9, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, which are addressed in the petition for the determination of acts which require the consent of an assistant; the same applies in paragraph (7)(11)), until a ruling on the petition for the commencement of guardianshipassistance becomes effective.

When a petition for a ruling of the commencement of assistance and a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant is filed, and when it is particularly necessary for the preservation of the property of a person who is to be subject to a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant, the family court may, upon the petition of the person who has filed the petition, order that the person who is to be subject to a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant receive the assistance of an administrator of property in performing the acts set forth in the items of Article 9, paragraph (2) of the Civil Code (excluding the purchase of daily necessities and other acts relating to daily life; the same applies in paragraph (12)), until a ruling on the petition for the commencement of assistance becomes effective.

When it is impossible to hear the opinionsstatements of a person who is to be an adult under guardianship due to the person's mental or physical disabilitya person under assistance for mental reasons on the part of that person, the family court may, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 107, make a ruling under the provisions of the preceding paragraph (referred to as a "ruling to order guardianship" in the following paragraph through paragraph (7)paragraph (2) (hereinafter referred to as a "ruling of an order for assistance" in this Article) or a ruling under the provisions of the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as a "ruling of an order for specified assistance" in this Article) without taking the step of hearing the person's statements.

Notice of a ruling of an order for assistance must be given to an administrator of property, in addition to the persons prescribed in Article 74, paragraph (1).

If a document relating to notice of a ruling of an order for assistance is sent to a person who is to be a person under assistance, and the person lacks the capacity to participate in proceedings at the time of receiving it, the person is deemed to have been given notice at the time of receiving it, for the purpose of the application of Article 74, paragraphs (1) and (2) and paragraph (9) of this Article to the ruling.

A ruling to order guardianship of an order for specified assistance becomes effective when notice thereof is given to the administrator of the property set forth in paragraph (1) (if there are two or more such administrators, one of them).

Notice of a ruling to order guardianship of an order for specified assistance must be given to a person who is to be an adult under guardianshipsubject to a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant. In this case, the provisions of Article 74, paragraph (1) do not apply to a person who is to be an adult under guardianshipsubject to a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant.

The period for filing an immediate appeal against a ruling of an order for assistance to be filed by a person other than a person who receives notice of a ruling and by a person who is to be a person under assistance runs from the latest of the day on which the person who is to be a person under assistance receives notice of the ruling and the day on which the administrator of property receives notice of the ruling under the provisions of paragraph (5).

The period for filing an immediate appeal against a ruling to order guardianship of an order for specified assistance to be filed by a person other than a person who receives notice of a ruling runs from the day on which the administrator of property set forth in paragraph (1) receives notice under the provisions of paragraph (4)(7) (if there are two or more such days, the latest day).

When a ruling to order guardianship of an order for assistance is made, the person who is to be an adult under guardianshipa person under assistance and the administrator of property set forth in paragraph (1) may rescind acts performed in relation to property by the person who is to be an adult under guardianship. In this case, the provisions of the Civil Code concerning the rescission of acts performed by a person with limited capacity to act apply mutatis mutandisa person under assistance without obtaining the consent of the administrator of property.

When a ruling of an order for specified assistance is made, the person who is to be subject to a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant and the administrator of property may rescind the acts set forth in the items of Article 9, paragraph (2) of the Civil Code performed by the person who is to be subject to a ruling of a disposition appointing a specified assistant.

In the cases referred to in the preceding two paragraphs, the provisions of the Civil Code concerning the rescission of acts performed by a person with limited capacity to act apply mutatis mutandis.

A family court may replace the administrator of property at any time.

A family court may order an administrator of property (including an administrator appointed as a replacement pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph) to report on the status of the property and settle the account for administration.

The expenses required for the report and the settlement of the account under the preceding paragraph are to be defrayed out of the property of the person who is to be a person under assistance.

A family court may issue an order to an administrator of property for an increase or decrease in or a change to the security that the administrator has provided, or an exemption from providing the security.

When a ruling to order a mortgage to be established on the real property or vessel owned by an administrator of property becomes effective, a court clerk must commission the registration of the establishment thereof. The same applies to a registration of a change or the extinction of a mortgage thus established.

The provisions of paragraphs (1) through (6) of the preceding Article, and the provisions of Articles 27 through 29 of the Civil Code (excluding Article 27, paragraph (2) of the Code) apply mutatis mutandis to the administrator of property set forth in paragraph (1). In this case, the term "an adult under guardianship" in paragraph (3) of the preceding Article is deemed to be replaced with "a person who is to be an adult under guardianship", and the provisions of Articles 644, 646, 647 and 650 of the Code apply mutatis mutandis to the administrator of property.

(Provisional Order during a Case on the Merits to Adjudicate Dismissal of a Guardian of an Adult)an Assistant

When an adjudication case for the dismissal of a guardian of an adultan assistant is pending before a family court, and when it is necessary for the interests of the adultperson under guardianshipassistance, the family court may, upon the petition of the person who has filed a petition for the dismissal of the guardian of the adultassistant or by its own authority, suspend the performance of duties by the guardian of the adultassistant or appoint a person acting as the representative thereof, until a ruling on the dismissal of the guardian of the adultassistant becomes effective.

A ruling to suspend the performance of duties by a guardian of an adultan assistant under the provisions of the preceding paragraph becomes effective when notice thereof is given to the guardian of the adultassistant who is to be suspended from performing duties, any other guardian of the adultassistant or a person acting as a representative appointed pursuant to the provisions of the paragraph.

A family court may grant a reasonable remuneration to a person acting as a representative appointed pursuant to paragraph (1) or a person acting as a representative appointed as a replacement pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, out of the property of the adultperson under guardianshipassistance.

The provisions of the preceding paragraphs apply mutatis mutandis to a provisional order sought by designating an adjudication case for the dismissal of a supervisor of a guardian of an adultan assistant as a case on the merits.

(Jurisdiction)Provisional Order Sought by Designating an Adjudication Case for the Supervision of the Affairs of Assistance as a Case on the Merits

An When an adjudication case for the commencement of curatorship (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (17); the same applies hereinafter) is subject to the jurisdiction of the family court which has jurisdiction over the place of domicile of a person who is to be a person under curatorshipsupervision of the affairs of assistance is pending before a family court (limited to the case where the court has ordered an assistant who has received a ruling to vest the authority of representation to submit an inventory of property), and when it is necessary for the interests of the person under assistance, the family court may, upon the petition of the person who has filed a petition for the supervision of the affairs of assistance or by its own authority, suspend the performance of duties by the assistant or appoint a person acting as the representative thereof, until the assistant submits an inventory of property.

Adjudication cases regarding curatorship (meaning the adjudication cases regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, rows (17) through (35)), except for an adjudication case for the commencement of curatorship, are subject to the jurisdiction of a family court that has made a ruling of the commencement of curatorship (if the court in charge of an appeal has made a judicial decision of commencement of curatorship, the family court that is the court of first instance); provided, however, that if an adjudication case for the commencement of curatorship is pending before a family court, these cases are subject to the jurisdiction of that family courtThe provisions of paragraphs (2) through (4) of the preceding Article apply mutatis mutandis to a provisional order sought by designating an adjudication case for the supervision of the affairs of assistance as a case on the merits.

The provisions of Article 118 apply mutatis mutandis to a person who is to be a person under curatorship and to a person under curatorship in the following adjudication cases (including adjudication cases for a provisional order sought by designating the adjudication cases set forth in items (i), (vii), and (ix) as cases on the merits):

an adjudication case for the commencement of curatorship;

an adjudication case for the determination of acts which require the consent of a curator (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (18));

an adjudication case for permission in lieu of the consent of a curator (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (19));

an adjudication case for the revocation of a ruling of the commencement of curatorship (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (20));

an adjudication case for the revocation of a ruling to determine acts which require the consent of a curator (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (21));

an adjudication case for the appointment of a curator (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (22));

an adjudication case for the dismissal of a curator (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (24); the same applies in Article 135);

an adjudication case for the appointment of a supervisor of a curator (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (26));

an adjudication case for the dismissal of a supervisor of a curator (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (28); the same applies in Article 135);

an adjudication case for vesting the authority of representation in a curator (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (32));

an adjudication case for the revocation of a ruling to vest the authority of representation in a curator (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (33)); and

an adjudication case for the supervision of the affairs of curatorship (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (34)).

When making the rulings set forth in the following items, the family court must hear statements from the persons specified respectively in these items (in items (i), (ii), (iv), and (v), excluding the petitioner):

a ruling of the commencement of curatorship:the person who is to be a person under curatorship;

a ruling to determine acts which require the consent of a curator:the person who is or is to be a person under curatorship;

a ruling of permission in lieu of the consent of a curator:the curator;

a ruling to revoke a ruling of the commencement of curatorship (limited to the case under the provisions of Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code):the person under curatorship and the curator;

a ruling of the appointment of a curator or a supervisor of a curator:the person who is or is to be a person under curatorship;

a ruling of the dismissal of a curator:the curator; and

a ruling of the dismissal of a supervisor of a curator:the supervisor of a curator.

When making the rulings set forth in the following items, the family court must hear the opinions of the persons specified respectively in these items:

a ruling of the appointment of a curator:the person who is to be a curator; and

a ruling of the appointment of a supervisor of a curator:the person who is to be a supervisor of a curator.

Notice of the rulings set forth in the following items must be given to the persons specified respectively in these items, beyond the persons prescribed in Article 74, paragraph (1):

a ruling of the commencement of curatorship:the person who is appointed as a curator pursuant to the provisions of Article 876-2, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, and the voluntarily appointed guardian and the supervisor of the voluntarily appointed guardian under a voluntary guardianship contract that is to terminate pursuant to Article 10, paragraph (3) of the Voluntary Guardianship Contract Act;

a ruling to determine acts which require the consent of a curator:the curator and the supervisor of the curator (if this ruling is made simultaneously upon making a ruling of the appointment of a curator or a supervisor of a curator, the person who is to be a curator or the person who is to be a supervisor of a curator);

a ruling of permission in lieu of the consent of a curator:the curator and the supervisor of the curator;

a ruling to revoke a ruling of the commencement of curatorship:the curator and the supervisor of the curator;

a ruling to revoke a ruling to determine acts which require the consent of a curator:the curator and the supervisor of the curator;

a ruling to vest the authority of representation in a curator:the person under curatorship and the supervisor of a curator (if this ruling is made simultaneously upon making a ruling of the appointment of a supervisor of a curator, the person who is to be a supervisor of a curator); and

a ruling to revoke a ruling to vest the authority of representation in a curator:the person under curatorship and the supervisor of a curator.

An immediate appeal may be filed against the rulings set forth in the following items by the persons specified respectively in these items (in items (i) and (iv), excluding the petitioner):

a ruling of the commencement of curatorship:the persons prescribed in the main clause of Article 11 of the Civil Code and those prescribed in Article 10, paragraph (2) of the Voluntary Guardianship Contract Act;

a ruling to dismiss a petition for the commencement of curatorship:the petitioner;

a ruling to dismiss a petition for revocation of a ruling of the commencement of curatorship:the persons prescribed in Article 14, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code;

a ruling to determine acts which require the consent of a curator:the person under curatorship;

a ruling to dismiss a petition for permission in lieu of the consent of a curator:the petitioner;

a ruling of the dismissal of a curator:the curator;

a ruling to dismiss a petition for the dismissal of a curator:the petitioner, the supervisor of the curator, as well as the person under curatorship and their relative;

a ruling of the dismissal of a supervisor of a curator:the supervisor of a curator; and

a ruling to dismiss a petition for the dismissal of a supervisor of a curator:the petitioner, as well as the person under curatorship and the person's relative.

The period for filing an immediate appeal against a ruling of the commencement of curatorship to be filed by a person other than a person who receives notice of a ruling and by a person who is to be a person under curatorship runs from the latest day, out of the day on which the person who is to be a person under curatorship received notice of a ruling and the day on which the person who is appointed as a curator pursuant to the provisions of Article 876-2, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code received notice of a ruling.

The provisions of Article 119 apply mutatis mutandis to the expert examination and hearing of opinions concerning the mental state of a person who is or is to be a person under curatorship; the provisions of Article 121 apply mutatis mutandis to the withdrawal of a petition for the commencement of curatorship and the withdrawal of a petition for the appointment of a curator; and the provisions of Article 124 apply mutatis mutandis to the supervision of the affairs of curatorship.

The provisions of Article 126, paragraph (1) apply mutatis mutandis to a provisional order sought by designating an adjudication case for the commencement of curatorship as a case on the merits.

When a petition for the commencement of curatorship is filed, and when it is particularly necessary for the preservation of the property of a person who is to be a person under curatorship, the family court (or a high court in the case set forth in Article 105, paragraph (2)) may, upon the petition of the person who has filed the petition, order that the person who is to be a person under curatorship be subject to the curatorship of the administrator of property to be appointed pursuant to the provisions of Article 126, paragraph (1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the preceding paragraph (hereinafter simply referred to as an "administrator of property" in this Article) in performing acts in relation to property (limited to the acts prescribed in Article 13, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code; the same applies in paragraph (5)), until a ruling on the petition for the commencement of curatorship becomes effective.

Notice of a ruling under the provisions of the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as a "ruling to order curatorship" in the following paragraph and paragraph (5)) must be given to an administrator of property, beyond the persons prescribed in Article 74, paragraph (1).

The period for filing an immediate appeal against a ruling to order curatorship to be filed by a person other than a person who receives notice of a ruling and by a person who is to be a person under curatorship runs from the latest day, out of the day on which the person who is to be a person under curatorship receives notice of a ruling and the day on which the administrator of property receives notice of a ruling under the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

When a ruling to order curatorship is made, the person who is to be a person under curatorship and the administrator of property may rescind acts performed in relation to property by the person who is to be a person under curatorship without obtaining consent from the administrator of property. In this case, the provisions of the Civil Code concerning the rescission of acts performed by a person with limited capacity to act apply mutatis mutandis.

The provisions of Article 125, paragraphs (1) through (6), as well as the provisions of Articles 27 through 29 of the Civil Code (excluding Article 27, paragraph (2) of the Code) apply mutatis mutandis to an administrator of property. In this case, the term "an adult under guardianship" in Article 125, paragraph (3) is deemed to be replaced with "a person who is to be a person under curatorship."

The provisions of Article 127, paragraphs (1) through (4) apply mutatis mutandis to a provisional order sought by designating an adjudication case for the dismissal of a curator or an adjudication case for the dismissal of a supervisor of a curator as a case on the merits.

Deleted

Section 2 Adjudication Cases Regarding Curatorshipfor Dispositions Regarding Administration of Property of Absentee

Section 3 Adjudication Cases Regarding AssistanceDeclaration of Presumed Death

An adjudication case for the commencement of assistance (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (36); the same applies hereinafter) is subject to the jurisdiction of the family court which has jurisdiction over the place of domicile of a person who is to be a person under assistance.

Adjudication cases regarding assistance (meaning the adjudication cases regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, rows (36) through (54)), except for an adjudication case for the commencement of assistance, are subject to the jurisdiction of a family court that has made a ruling of the commencement of assistance (if the court in charge of an appeal has made a judicial decision of the commencement of assistance, the family court that is the court of first instance); provided, however, that if an adjudication case for the commencement of assistance is pending before a family court, these cases are subject to the jurisdiction of that family court.

The provisions of Article 118 apply mutatis mutandis to a person who is to be a person under assistance and to a person under assistance in the following adjudication cases (including adjudication cases for a provisional order sought by designating the adjudication cases set forth in items (i), (vii), and (ix) as cases on the merits):

an adjudication case for the commencement of assistance;

an adjudication case for the determination of acts which require the consent of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (37));

an adjudication case for permission in lieu of the consent of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (38));

an adjudication case for the revocation of a ruling of the commencement of assistance (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (39));

an adjudication case for the revocation of a ruling to determine acts which require the consent of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (40));

an adjudication case for the appointment of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (41));

an adjudication case for the dismissal of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (43); the same applies in Article 144);

an adjudication case for the appointment of a supervisor of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (45));

an adjudication case for the dismissal of a supervisor of an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (47); the same applies in Article 144);

an adjudication case for vesting the authority of representation in an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (51));

an adjudication case for the revocation of a ruling to vest the authority of representation in an assistant (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (52)); and

an adjudication case for the supervision of the affairs of assistance (meaning an adjudication case regarding the matters set forth in Appended Table 1, row (53)).

A family court may not make a ruling of the commencement of assistance unless it hears the opinion of a physician or any other appropriate person concerning the mental state of the person who is to be a person under assistance.

When making the rulings set forth in the following items, the family court must hear statements from the persons specified respectively in these items (in items (i), (iii), and (iv), excluding the petitioner):

a ruling of the commencement of assistance:the person who is to be a person under assistance;

a ruling of permission in lieu of the consent of an assistant:the assistant;

a ruling to revoke a ruling of the commencement of assistance (limited to the case under the provisions of Article 18, paragraph (1) or (3) of the Civil Code):the person under assistance and the assistant;

a ruling of the appointment of an assistant or a supervisor of an assistant:the person who is to be a person under assistance or the person under assistance;

a ruling of the dismissal of an assistant:the assistant; and

a ruling of the dismissal of a supervisor of an assistant:the supervisor of an assistant.

When making the rulings set forth in the following items, the family court must hear the opinions of the persons specified respectively in these items:

a ruling of the appointment of an assistant:the person who is to be an assistant; and

a ruling of the appointment of a supervisor of an assistant:the person who is to be a supervisor of an assistant.

Notice of the rulings set forth in the following items must be given to the persons specified respectively in these items, beyond the persons prescribed in Article 74, paragraph (1):

a ruling of the commencement of assistance:the person who is appointed as an assistant pursuant to the provisions of Article 876-7, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, and the voluntarily appointed guardian and the supervisor of the voluntarily appointed guardian under a voluntary guardianship contract that is to terminate pursuant to Article 10, paragraph (3) of the Voluntary Guardianship Contract Act;

a ruling to determine acts which require the consent of an assistant:the assistant and the supervisor of the assistant (if this ruling is made simultaneously upon making a ruling of the appointment of an assistant or a supervisor of an assistant, the person who is to be an assistant or the person who is to be a supervisor of an assistant);

a ruling of permission in lieu of the consent of an assistant:the assistant and the supervisor of the assistant;

a ruling to revoke a ruling of the commencement of assistance:the assistant and the supervisor of the assistant;

a ruling to revoke a ruling to determine acts which require the consent of an assistant:the assistant and the supervisor of the assistant;

a ruling to vest the authority of representation in an assistant:the person under assistance and the supervisor of an assistant (if this ruling is made simultaneously upon making a ruling of the appointment of a supervisor of an assistant, the person who is to be a supervisor of an assistant); and

a ruling to revoke a ruling to vest the authority of representation in an assistant:the person under assistance and the supervisor of an assistant.

An immediate appeal may be filed against the rulings set forth in the following items by the persons specified respectively in these items (in item (i), excluding the petitioner):

a ruling of the commencement of assistance:the persons prescribed in the main clause of Article 15, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code and those prescribed in Article 10, paragraph (2) of the Voluntary Guardianship Contract Act;

a ruling to dismiss a petition for the commencement of assistance:the petitioner;

a ruling to dismiss a petition for the revocation of a ruling of the commencement of assistance:the persons prescribed in Article 18, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code;

a ruling to dismiss a petition for permission in lieu of the consent of an assistant:the petitioner;

a ruling of the dismissal of an assistant:the assistant;

a ruling to dismiss a petition for the dismissal of an assistant:the petitioner, the supervisor of the assistant, as well as the person under assistance and the person's relative;

a ruling of the dismissal of a supervisor of an assistant:the supervisor of an assistant; and

a ruling to dismiss a petition for the dismissal of a supervisor of an assistant:the petitioner, as well as the person under assistance and the person's relative.

The period for filing an immediate appeal against a ruling of the commencement of assistance to be filed by a person other than a person who receives notice of a ruling and by the person who is to be a person under assistance runs from the latest day, out of the day on which the person who is to be a person under assistance received notice of a ruling and the day on which a person who is appointed as an assistant pursuant to the provisions of Article 876-7, paragraph (1) of the Civil Code received notice of a ruling.