A bankruptcy claim for which a general statutory lien or any other general priority exists over property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate (excluding a subordinate bankruptcy claim prescribed in paragraph (1) of the following Article and consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claim prescribed in paragraph (2) of that Article; referred to below as a "preferred bankruptcy claim") takes precedence over other bankruptcy claims.
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the order of priority among preferred bankruptcy claims is as provided for by the Civil Code, the Commercial Code, or any other laws.
When a priority exists with regard to the amount of claim arising for a specific period of time, the period is calculated from the time of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
優先権が一定の期間内の債権額につき存在する場合には、その期間は、破産手続開始の時からさかのぼって計算する。
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(Preferred Bankruptcy Claims)
A bankruptcy claim for which a general statutory lien or any other general priority exists over property that belongs to the bankruptcy estate…
破産財団に属する財産につき一般の先取特権その他一般の優先権がある破産債権（次条第一項に規定する劣後的破産債権及び同条第二項に規定する約定劣後破産債権を除く。以下「優先的破産債権」という。）は、他の破産債権に優先する。
Open this provision(Subordinate Bankruptcy Claims)
The following claims (referred to below as "subordinate bankruptcy claims") are subordinated to other bankruptcy claims…
次に掲げる債権（以下「劣後的破産債権」という。）は、他の破産債権（次項に規定する約定劣後破産債権を除く。）に後れる。
Open this provision(Subordinate Bankruptcy Claims)
A claim for which the bankruptcy creditor and the bankrupt have reached an agreement prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings to the effect that if bankruptcy proceedings are commenced…
破産債権者と破産者との間において、破産手続開始前に、当該債務者について破産手続が開始されたとすれば当該破産手続におけるその配当の順位が劣後的破産債権に後れる旨の合意がされた債権（以下「約定劣後破産債権」という。）は、劣後的破産債権に後れる。
Open this provisionbankruptcy claim
「破産債権」
A claim on property against the bankrupt (破産者) arising from a cause that occurred before bankruptcy proceedings began, including the claims Article 97 lists, that is not a claim on the estate (財団債権).
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (5)· applies throughout the law
bankruptcy estate
「破産財団」
The bankrupt's (破産者) property, inherited property (相続財産) or trust property (信託財産) that the bankruptcy trustee (破産管財人) has the exclusive right to administer and dispose of in bankruptcy proceedings.
Defined inArticle 2, paragraph (14)· applies throughout the law
preferred bankruptcy claim
「優先的破産債権」
A bankruptcy claim (破産債権) that has a general statutory lien (一般の先取特権) or other general priority over property of the bankruptcy estate (破産財団), other than a subordinate bankruptcy claim (劣後的破産債権) or a consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claim (約定劣後破産債権); it ranks ahead of the other bankruptcy claims.
Short name set inArticle 98, paragraph (1)
subordinate bankruptcy claims
「劣後的破産債権」
The claims Article 99, paragraph (1) lists — those in Article 97, items (i) to (vii), such as interest and damages for nonperformance arising after bankruptcy proceedings begin, and the parts of certain interest-free or periodic-payment claims falling due after commencement that items (ii) to (iv) calculate — which rank behind the other bankruptcy claims (破産債権) except consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claims (約定劣後破産債権).
Short name set inArticle 99, paragraph (1)
consensually-subordinated bankruptcy claim
「約定劣後破産債権」
A claim that the bankruptcy creditor and the bankrupt agreed, before bankruptcy proceedings began, would rank behind subordinate bankruptcy claims (劣後的破産債権) for distribution if bankruptcy proceedings were opened against the debtor; it ranks behind those claims.
Short name set inArticle 99, paragraph (2)
statutory lien
先取特権
A right the law itself gives certain creditors to be paid out of the debtor's property ahead of other creditors (Civil Code, Article 303). Some reach all of the debtor's property, such as a claim arising from employment (Article 306, item (ii)); others reach particular property only, such as a landlord's claim for rent and other debts under a lease of land or a building, which reaches, for land, the movables furnished to it or to a building used with it, the movables used on it and the crops or other fruits of it the tenant holds, and for a building, the movables the tenant has furnished it with (Articles 311 to 313). The Act on Land and Building Leases gives a landowner one over the tenant's building on the land for the last two years' rent that has fallen due (Article 12, paragraph (1)), which keeps its effect by the registration of the superficies or the land lease (Article 12, paragraph (2)).
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 303, 306, 311, 312, 313 and Act on Land and Building Leases, Art. 12 as a reference.