Chapter II Labor Unions
第二章 労働組合
Article 5Treatment of an Organization Established as a Labor Union
第五条（労働組合として設立されたものの取扱）
Unless a labor union has submitted evidence to the Labour Relations Commission and proved that it is in compliance with Article 2 and paragraph (2) of this Article, the labor union is not qualified to participate in the procedures provided in this Act and will not be granted the remedies provided in this Act; provided, however, that nothing herein should be construed as to deny protections for individual workers pursuant to Article 7, item (i).
The constitution of a labor union must include the provisions listed in the following items:
労働組合の規約には、左の各号に掲げる規定を含まなければならない。
name;
名称
the location of its principal office;
主たる事務所の所在地
that the members of a labor union other than the labor union that is a federation (hereinafter referred to as a "local union") have the right to participate in all issues or disputes of the labor union and have the right to receive equal treatment;
連合団体である労働組合以外の労働組合（以下「単位労働組合」という。）の組合員は、その労働組合のすべての問題に参与する権利及び均等の取扱を受ける権利を有すること。
no one will be disqualified from union membership in any case on the basis of race, religion, sex, family origin or status;
何人も、いかなる場合においても、人種、宗教、性別、門地又は身分によつて組合員たる資格を奪われないこと。
in the case of a local labor union, that the officers are elected by direct secret vote of the union members, and, in the case of a federation or a labor union having national scope, that the officers are elected by direct secret vote either of the members of the local unions or of delegates elected by direct secret vote of the members of the local unions;
that a general assembly meeting is held at least once every year;
総会は、少くとも毎年一回開催すること。
that a financial report showing all sources of revenues and expenditures, the names of main contributors and the current financial status, together with a certificate by a professionally qualified accounting auditor commissioned by the union members proving that the reports are accurate are released to the union members at least once every year,
すべての財源及び使途、主要な寄附者の氏名並びに現在の経理状況を示す会計報告は、組合員によつて委嘱された職業的に資格がある会計監査人による正確であることの証明書とともに、少くとも毎年一回組合員に公表されること。
that no strike is to be started without a majority decision made by direct secret vote either of the union members or of delegates elected by direct secret vote of the union members;
同盟罷業は、組合員又は組合員の直接無記名投票により選挙された代議員の直接無記名投票の過半数による決定を経なければ開始しないこと。
in the case of local labor union, that its constitution will not be amended unless the amendment has received majority support by direct secret vote of the union members, and, in the case of a labor union which is a federation or a labor union which has national scope, the constitution will not be amended unless the amendment has received majority support by direct secret vote either of the members of the local labor unions or of the delegates elected by direct secret vote of the members of the local labor unions.
Article 6Authority to Negotiate
第六条（交渉権限）
Representatives of a labor union or those to whom the authority has been delegated by the labor union have authority to negotiate with the employer or the employers' organization on behalf of the labor union or the members of the labor union with respect to conclusion of collective agreements and other matters.
労働組合の代表者又は労働組合の委任を受けた者は、労働組合又は組合員のために使用者又はその団体と労働協約の締結その他の事項に関して交渉する権限を有する。
Article 7Unfair Labor Practices
第七条（不当労働行為）
The employer must not commit the acts listed in any of the following items:
使用者は、次の各号に掲げる行為をしてはならない。
to dismiss or otherwise treat in a disadvantageous manner a worker by reason of the worker being a member of a labor union, having tried to join or organize a labor union, or having performed justifiable acts of a labor union; or to make it a condition of employment that the worker will not join or will withdraw from a labor union; provided, however, that this does not preclude a worker from concluding a collective agreement which requires, as a condition of employment, that the workers will be members of such labor union where a labor union represents a majority of workers employed at a particular factory or workplace;
to refuse to bargain collectively with the representatives of the workers employed by the employer without legitimate grounds;
使用者が雇用する労働者の代表者と団体交渉をすることを正当な理由がなくて拒むこと。
to control or interfere with the formation or management of a labor union by workers or to give financial assistance in paying the labor union's operational expenditures; provided, however, that this does not preclude the employer from permitting workers to deliberate or negotiate with the employer during working hours without loss of time or wage, and this excludes the employer's contributions for public welfare funds or welfare and other funds which are actually used for payments to prevent or relieve economic adversity or misfortunes, or to the provision of office of minimum space;
to dismiss or otherwise treat in a disadvantageous manner a worker for the reason that the worker has filed a motion with the Labour Relations Commission that the employer has violated the provisions of this Article; that the worker has requested the Central Labour Relations Commission to review an order issued under the provisions of Article 27-12, paragraph (1); or that when the Labour Relations Commission has conducted an investigation or a hearing in regard to these motions, or has made a recommendation of a settlement to the party, or has made an adjustment of labor disputes as provided for under the Labor Relations Adjustment Act (Act No. 25 of 1946), the worker has presented evidence or made a statement.
労働者が労働委員会に対し使用者がこの条の規定に違反した旨の申立てをしたこと若しくは中央労働委員会に対し第二十七条の十二第一項の規定による命令に対する再審査の申立てをしたこと又は労働委員会がこれらの申立てに係る調査若しくは審問をし、若しくは当事者に和解を勧め、若しくは労働関係調整法（昭和二十一年法律第二十五号）による労働争議の調整をする場合に労働者が証拠を提示し、若しくは発言をしたことを理由として、その労働者を解雇し、その他これに対して不利益な取扱いをすること。
Article 8Compensation of Damages
第八条（損害賠償）
An employer may not claim compensation against a labor union or a union member for damages received through a strike or other acts of dispute which are justifiable acts.
使用者は、同盟罷業その他の争議行為であつて正当なものによつて損害を受けたことの故をもつて、労働組合又はその組合員に対し賠償を請求することができない。
第九条（基金の流用）
When a labor union seeks to divert funds specially set up for mutual aid projects and other welfare businesses for other purposes, it must obtain a resolution of the general assembly meeting of the union.
労働組合は、共済事業その他福利事業のために特設した基金を他の目的のために流用しようとするときは、総会の決議を経なければならない。
第十条（解散）
A labor union will be dissolved due to the following causes:
労働組合は、左の事由によつて解散する。
emergence of causes of dissolution as provided in the constitution of the labor union;
規約で定めた解散事由の発生
resolution for dissolution at the general assembly meeting of the labor union by at least three-fourths of majority of the union members or of the affiliated organizations.
組合員又は構成団体の四分の三以上の多数による総会の決議
Article 11Labor Union That is a Corporation
第十一条（法人である労働組合）
A labor union which has received certification by the Labour Relations Commission that it is in compliance with the provisions of this Act is incorporated by registering at the location of its main office.
この法律の規定に適合する旨の労働委員会の証明を受けた労働組合は、その主たる事務所の所在地において登記することによつて法人となる。
The matters necessary for registration of labor unions in addition to what is provided for in this Act are prescribed by Cabinet Order.
この法律に規定するものの外、労働組合の登記に関して必要な事項は、政令で定める。
The information necessary for registration of labor unions may not be duly asserted against a third party until registration has been made.
労働組合に関して登記すべき事項は、登記した後でなければ第三者に対抗することができない。
第十二条（代表者）
A labor union that is a corporation must have one or more representatives.
法人である労働組合には、一人又は数人の代表者を置かなければならない。
In the case where there are two or more representatives, if the constitution does not provide otherwise, the affairs of the labor union that is a corporation are decided by a majority of the representatives.
代表者が数人ある場合において、規約に別段の定めがないときは、法人である労働組合の事務は、代表者の過半数で決する。
Article 12-2Representation of a Labor Union That is a Corporation
第十二条の二（法人である労働組合の代表）
A representative represents the labor union that is a corporation in all of the affairs of the labor union that is a corporation; provided, however, that the representative may not act contrary to the provisions of the constitution, and must also follow the resolutions at the general assembly meeting.
代表者は、法人である労働組合のすべての事務について、法人である労働組合を代表する。ただし、規約の規定に反することはできず、また、総会の決議に従わなければならない。
With regard to the management of a labor union that is a corporation, a limitation placed on the authority of representation of a representative may not be duly asserted against a third party in good faith.
法人である労働組合の管理については、代表者の代表権に加えた制限は、善意の第三者に対抗することができない。
Article 12-4Delegation of Acts as Agent by Representatives
第十二条の四（代表者の代理行為の委任）
With regard to the management of a labor union that is a corporation, a representative may delegate to another person the authority to act as agent for specific acts only when this is not prohibited by the constitution or by a resolution at the general assembly meeting.
法人である労働組合の管理については、代表者は、規約又は総会の決議によつて禁止されていないときに限り、特定の行為の代理を他人に委任することができる。
Article 12-5Acts Involving a Conflict of Interest
第十二条の五（利益相反行為）
With regard to a matter in which the interests of a labor union that is a corporation and those of a representative conflict, such as the labor union that is a corporation guaranteeing an obligation of the representative or any other matter in dealings with a person other than the representative, the representative does not have the authority of representation. In this case, the court must appoint a special agent at the request of an interested person.
法人である労働組合が代表者の債務を保証することその他代表者以外の者との間において法人である労働組合と代表者との利益が相反する事項については、代表者は、代表権を有しない。この場合においては、裁判所は、利害関係人の請求により、特別代理人を選任しなければならない。
第十二条の六（一般社団法人及び一般財団法人に関する法律の準用）
The provisions of Article 4 and Article 78 (excluding the case provided for in Article 8) of the Act on General Incorporated Associations and General Incorporated Foundations (Act No. 48 of 2006) apply mutatis mutandis to a labor union that is a corporation.
Article 13Capacity of a Labor Union That is a Corporation in Liquidation
第十三条（清算中の法人である労働組合の能力）
A labor union that is a corporation which has dissolved is deemed to continue to exist until the completion of its liquidation, within the scope of the purpose of the liquidation.
解散した法人である労働組合は、清算の目的の範囲内において、その清算の結了に至るまではなお存続するものとみなす。
第十三条の二（清算人）
When a labor union that is a corporation has dissolved, its representatives become its liquidators; provided, however, that this does not apply when the constitution provides otherwise, or when a person other than a representative has been appointed at the general assembly meeting.
法人である労働組合が解散したときは、代表者がその清算人となる。ただし、規約に別段の定めがあるとき、又は総会において代表者以外の者を選任したときは、この限りでない。
Article 13-3Appointment of a Liquidator by the Court
第十三条の三（裁判所による清算人の選任）
When there is no person who is to become a liquidator pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, or when there is a risk that damage will arise because of a vacancy in the position of liquidator, the court may appoint a liquidator at the request of an interested person.
前条の規定により清算人となる者がないとき、又は清算人が欠けたため損害を生ずるおそれがあるときは、裁判所は、利害関係人の請求により、清算人を選任することができる。
Article 13-4Dismissal of Liquidators
第十三条の四（清算人の解任）
When there are serious grounds, the court may dismiss a liquidator at the request of an interested person.
重要な事由があるときは、裁判所は、利害関係人の請求により、清算人を解任することができる。
Article 13-5Registration of Liquidators and of Dissolution
第十三条の五（清算人及び解散の登記）
A liquidator must, within two weeks after the dissolution, register at the location of the principal office the liquidator's name and address, and the cause and date of the dissolution.
清算人は、解散後二週間以内に、主たる事務所の所在地において、その氏名及び住所並びに解散の原因及び年月日の登記をしなければならない。
A liquidator who has assumed office during the liquidation must, within two weeks after assuming office, register at the location of the principal office the liquidator's name and address.
清算中に就職した清算人は、就職後二週間以内に、主たる事務所の所在地において、その氏名及び住所の登記をしなければならない。
Article 13-6Duties and Authority of a Liquidator
第十三条の六（清算人の職務及び権限）
The duties of a liquidator are as follows:
清算人の職務は、次のとおりとする。
the conclusion of current business;
現務の結了
the collection of debts and the performance of obligations; and
債権の取立て及び債務の弁済
delivery of residual assets.
残余財産の引渡し
A liquidator may perform any act necessary to carry out the duties listed in the items of the preceding paragraph.
清算人は、前項各号に掲げる職務を行うために必要な一切の行為をすることができる。
Article 13-7Demand for Submission of Claims, etc.
第十三条の七（債権の申出の催告等）
Within two months from the day on which a liquidator takes office, the liquidator must demand that creditors file their claims within a stated period of time, by giving public notice on at least three occasions. In such a case, the stated period of time may not be shorter than two months.
清算人は、その就職の日から二月以内に、少なくとも三回の公告をもつて、債権者に対し、一定の期間内にその債権の申出をすべき旨の催告をしなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、二月を下ることができない。
The public notice under the preceding paragraph must include a statement that a creditor who does not submit a claim within that period is to be excluded from the liquidation; provided, however, that a liquidator may not exclude a known creditor.
前項の公告には、債権者がその期間内に申出をしないときは清算から除斥されるべき旨を付記しなければならない。ただし、清算人は、知れている債権者を除斥することができない。
A liquidator must separately demand that each known creditor submit a claim.
清算人は、知れている債権者には、各別にその申出の催告をしなければならない。
The public notice under paragraph (1) is given by publication in the Official Gazette.
第一項の公告は、官報に掲載してする。
Article 13-8Submission of a Claim after Expiration of the Period
第十三条の八（期間経過後の債権の申出）
A creditor who submits a claim after the expiration of the period under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article may make a claim only against the assets that, after the obligations of the labor union that is a corporation have been fully discharged, have not yet been delivered to the persons to whom the rights are to vest.
第十三条の九（清算中の法人である労働組合についての破産手続の開始）
When it has become clear during liquidation that the assets of a labor union that is a corporation are insufficient to fully discharge its obligations, the liquidator must immediately file a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings and give public notice to that effect.
清算中に法人である労働組合の財産がその債務を完済するのに足りないことが明らかになつたときは、清算人は、直ちに破産手続開始の申立てをし、その旨を公告しなければならない。
In the case where a labor union that is a corporation in liquidation has become subject to an order commencing bankruptcy proceedings, the liquidator's duties are to be terminated when the liquidator has transferred the liquidator's affairs to the bankruptcy trustee.
清算人は、清算中の法人である労働組合が破産手続開始の決定を受けた場合において、破産管財人にその事務を引き継いだときは、その任務を終了したものとする。
In the case provided for in the preceding paragraph, if the labor union that is a corporation in liquidation has already paid anything to creditors or delivered anything to the persons to whom the rights are to vest, the bankruptcy trustee may recover it.
The public notice pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) is given by publication in the Official Gazette.
第一項の規定による公告は、官報に掲載してする。
Article 13-10Vesting of Residual Assets
第十三条の十（残余財産の帰属）
The assets of a labor union that is a corporation which has dissolved vest in the person designated in its constitution.
解散した法人である労働組合の財産は、規約で指定した者に帰属する。
When the constitution does not designate the person in whom the rights are to vest or does not specify the method for designating that person, a representative may, upon a resolution at the general assembly meeting, dispose of the assets for a purpose similar to the purpose of that labor union that is a corporation.
規約で権利の帰属すべき者を指定せず、又はその者を指定する方法を定めなかつたときは、代表者は、総会の決議を経て、当該法人である労働組合の目的に類似する目的のために、その財産を処分することができる。
Assets not disposed of pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs vest in the National Treasury.
前二項の規定により処分されない財産は、国庫に帰属する。
Article 13-11Jurisdiction over Cases Concerning Appointment of Special Agents, etc.
第十三条の十一（特別代理人の選任等に関する事件の管轄）
The following cases are subject to the jurisdiction of the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the principal office of the labor union that is a corporation:
次に掲げる事件は、法人である労働組合の主たる事務所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所の管轄に属する。
cases concerning the appointment of a special agent; and
特別代理人の選任に関する事件
cases concerning liquidators of a labor union that is a corporation.
法人である労働組合の清算人に関する事件
Article 13-12Restriction on Appeal
第十三条の十二（不服申立ての制限）
No appeal may be entered against a judicial decision appointing a liquidator of a labor union that is a corporation.
法人である労働組合の清算人の選任の裁判に対しては、不服を申し立てることができない。
Article 13-13Remuneration for Liquidators Appointed by the Court
第十三条の十三（裁判所の選任する清算人の報酬）
In the case where the court has appointed a liquidator of a labor union that is a corporation pursuant to the provisions of Article 13-3, it may determine the amount of remuneration to be paid by the labor union that is a corporation to that liquidator. In this case, the court must hear the statement of that liquidator.