Search
検索
Searched the Japanese text of the laws as today. Type English to search the English translations instead.
Terms
憲法
The highest law in Japan. Every Act, Cabinet Order and Ministerial Order has to conform to it, and anything in conflict with it has no legal force. It is also the hardest law to ch…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 96, 98, e-Gov: 日本国憲法 and its revision history and Wikipedia: Constitution of Japan as a reference.
法律
A law passed by both Houses of the National Diet, Japan's parliament. Acts rank below the Constitution. Rules on people's rights and duties are made by Act: a Cabinet Order or Mini…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 41, 59, 98 and Wikipedia: 行政立法 as a reference.
政令
Rules made by the Cabinet to carry out the Constitution and Acts. A Cabinet Order cannot impose duties, restrict rights or set penalties unless an Act delegates that to it.
Written by AI using Constitution, Art. 73 and Wikipedia: 政令 as a reference.
天皇
The symbol of the State and of the unity of the people, holding that position by the will of the people (Article 1). The Emperor performs only the acts in matters of state the Cons…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and Wikipedia: Emperor of Japan as a reference.
国会
Japan's parliament, and under Article 41 the only body that can make an Act (法律). It has two chambers, the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors, both made up of el…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 41, 42, 43 and Wikipedia: National Diet as a reference.
国務大臣
A member of the Cabinet other than the Prime Minister (Article 66, paragraph (1)). All of them must be civilians, and a majority must be members of the Diet; the Prime Minister app…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 66, 68, 75, 99 and 国家行政組織法, Art. 5 as a reference.
最高裁判所
The highest court, and the court of last resort on whether any law, order, regulation or official act conforms to the Constitution (Article 76, paragraph (1), and Article 81). That…
Written by AI using Constitution, Arts. 76, 79, 81, 98 and Wikipedia: Supreme Court of Japan as a reference.
条例
A rule a local government makes for itself: a prefecture (都道府県), a city, town or village (市町村), or one of Tokyo's special wards (特別区) (Local Autonomy Act, Articles 1-3, 281 and 283…
Written by AI using Constitution, Art. 94 and Local Autonomy Act, Arts. 1-3, 2, 14, 16, 89, 96, 139, 281, 283 as a reference.
上告
The appeal against a judgment of second instance, and against a high court's judgment at first instance: it goes to the Supreme Court (最高裁判所) against a final judgment a high court…
Written by AI using Code of Civil Procedure, Arts. 281, 285, 311 to 315, 318, 319, 321, 325 to 327 as a reference.
前文
An opening passage, before the first article, saying what the law is for and what it rests on. Few Japanese laws have one; the Constitution of Japan (日本国憲法) does, and its four para…
Written by AI using Constitution of Japan, Preamble and Wikipedia (Japanese): 前文 as a reference.