The grounds specified by Cabinet Order prescribed in Article 51, paragraph (2) (Inclusion of Losses on Assets in Necessary Expenses) of the Act are the following grounds that have arisen in the course of conducting a business that gives rise to real property income, business income, or timber income.
法第五十一条第二項（資産損失の必要経費算入）に規定する政令で定める事由は、次に掲げる事由で不動産所得、事業所得又は山林所得を生ずべき事業の遂行上生じたものとする。
Revenue has been reduced due to the return of, or a discount on, products sold (including acts similar to these);
販売した商品の返戻又は値引き（これらに類する行為を含む。）により収入金額が減少することとなつたこと。
It has become impossible to exercise all or part of a right of reimbursement accompanying the performance of a guarantee obligation;
保証債務の履行に伴う求償権の全部又は一部を行使することができないこととなつたこと。
An economic result arising from a void act included among the events that formed the basis for calculating the amount of real property income, amount of business income, or amount of timber income has been lost on the basis of the voidness of that act, or an act that may be rescinded and that was included among those events has been rescinded.
不動産所得の金額、事業所得の金額若しくは山林所得の金額の計算の基礎となつた事実のうちに含まれていた無効な行為により生じた経済的成果がその行為の無効であることに基因して失われ、又はその事実のうちに含まれていた取り消すことのできる行為が取り消されたこと。
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rescission
取消し
Undoing a legal act, such as an offer or acceptance of a contract (意思表示, a manifestation of intention), that the law says may be rescinded: for example one made through an important mistake, though a mistake about the circumstances behind the act only if it had been made clear that they were its basis, and as a rule not where the person was grossly careless (Civil Code, Article 95), or one made under fraud or duress, though fraud by a third party only if the other party knew of it or could have known (Article 96), or one a minor made without the consent of their legal representative (Article 5, paragraph (2)). Once rescinded, the act is treated as void from the start (Article 121). Only the person who made it, their representative or successor, or someone whose consent it needed may rescind it (Article 120). The right is lost if not used within five years from when the act could be confirmed — once the mistake, fraud or other cause has ended and the person knows they can rescind (Article 124) — or twenty years from the act (Article 126). It is lost sooner if the person confirms the act, and once it could be confirmed, performing it or demanding performance without reserving objections counts as confirming it (Articles 122 and 125). The Consumer Contract Act adds grounds of its own, such as a business telling the consumer something untrue about an important matter when soliciting the contract, where the consumer believed it and made the contract because of it (Article 4, paragraph (1), item (i)), and gives most of them a shorter time: one year from when the act could be confirmed, and five years from the contract (Article 7, paragraph (1)).
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 5, 95, 96, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126 and Consumer Contract Act, Arts. 4, 7 as a reference.
void
無効
Having no legal effect from the start. A void act does not take effect even if the parties later confirm it; confirming it knowing it is void counts as making a new act (Civil Code, Article 119). An act against public order or good morals is void (Article 90). Some Acts that protect one side make void a term that takes that protection away: a term of a land lease that is worse for the tenant than the Act on Land and Building Leases' rules on how long the lease lasts and how it is renewed (Article 9), a clause of a consumer contract that frees a business from all liability for damage its failure to perform causes the consumer (Consumer Contract Act, Article 8, paragraph (1), item (i)), or the part of a labor contract that falls short of the Labor Standards Act's standards, which the Act's standard replaces (Labor Standards Act, Article 13).
Written by AI using Civil Code, Arts. 90, 119, Act on Land and Building Leases, Art. 9, Consumer Contract Act, Art. 8 and Labor Standards Act, Art. 13 as a reference.